江苏输容市天王中学2022年中考英语专项复习复合句学案无答案
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复合句【课前导学】亲爱的同学们,动动脑筋,想想我们学过的复合句有哪些种?【课堂学习】考点一:宾语从句1.引导词(1)在以that引导的宾语从句中,若是陈述句作宾语,that可以省略。如:Theradiosays(that)itwillraintomorrow.收音机报道说明天有雨。(2)当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时,可用if或whether来引导从句,意为“是否”。Sheaskedmeif(whether)shecouldjoinus.她问我她是否可以加入我们的队伍。Hewonderedif(whether)theworkershadfinishedthework.他想知道,工人们是否已经完成了工作。(3)当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变化而来时,特殊疑问词就是宾语从句的引导词,如who,whose,what,which,when,where,why,how等。Doyouknowwhobrokethedoor?你知道谁弄坏了门吗?Sheaskedmewhosepenthatwas.她问我那是谁的钢笔。Sheaskedthemwhattheyweredoing.她问他们正在做什么。Tellmewhichoneyouwant.告诉我你要哪一个。HeaskedmewhenIwouldsetout.他问我什么时候出发。Whendidthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.→Iwanttoknowwhenthetrainleft.Doestheshopcloseatsixeveryday?Doyouknow?→Doyouknowif/whethertheshopclosesatsixeveryday?(2)如果是由do,does,did构成的疑问句,在转换为宾语从句时,要去掉do,does,did,且从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态作出相应的变化。Dotheyoftenplaybasketball?Heasked.→Heaskediftheyoftenplayedbasketball.Whattimedidshegetup?Theyoungmanasked.→Theyoungmanaskedwhattimeshe12\ngotup.(3)如果是will,be,have,can组成的疑问句,在变为宾语从句时,需把will,be,have,can返回到句中原来的谓语位置上,并根据主句时态作相应的变化。Willyoubefreetomorrow?Sheaskedme.→Sheaskedmeif(whether)Iwouldbefreethenextday.Hassheseenthemovieyet?Iwanttoknow.→Iwanttoknowif(whether)shehasseenthemovieyet.3.注意正确使用时态(1)如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,宾语从句的时态不受限制,可以根据实际表达的需要来确定。Couldyoutellmewhathesaidatthemeeting?你能告诉我他在会上说了什么吗?(一般过去时)Hewilltellusthathehasbeenabletolookafterhimself.他将告诉我们他已经能够照顾自己了。(现在完成时)Tellhimwhenwewillstart.告诉他我们将什么时候动身。(一般将来时)(2)如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句应与主句保持一致,即使用过去时态的某种形式。HesaidthathewasborninWuhanin1999.他说他于1999年出生在武汉。Theysaidthattheyhadalreadyfinishedthework.他们说他们已经完成了工作。(3)如果宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、格言、科学真理等时,从句时态不受主句限制,用一般现在时。Everyoneknewtherearesixtyminutesinanhour.4.否定前移在宾语从句中,当主句的谓语动词为think(认为),believe(相信),expect(期望),imagine(想象),suppose(猜测)等时,如果主句主语为I(we)时,从句中表示否定意义的not应移到think,believe,expect,imagine,suppose前。Idon'tthinkheisright.我认为他不对。Idon'tsupposehewillcome.我猜测他不会来。课堂练习1.—Doyouknowthelady______istalkingwithMr.Smith?12\n—Yes,she’sournewchemistryteacher,MissBrown.A.whoB.whichC.whom2.—Couldyoutellme________________?—Yes,youcangotherebybus.A.howcanIgettotheMiaoKingCityB.whereistheMiaoKingCityC.howIcangettotheMiaoKingCityD.wheretheMiaoKingCityis3.Iwonder___________.A.wheredoesheliveB.howoldheisC.whatishedoing?D.howsoonwillhecomehack4.—Canyoutellme______totraveltoDalian?—Abouttwohoursbyplane.A.howmuchitcostsB.whatIshouldtakeC.howlongittakesD.whichisthebestseason5.—Canyoutellme_______?—Heisinthelibrary.A.wherewasJackB.whereJackwasC.whereisJackD.whereJackis考点二状语从句1.概念以及句型特点(1)概念:状语从句在复合句中作状语,修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等。(2)句型特点状语从句可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后。放在主句之前时,常用逗号与主句分开;放在主句之后时,不用逗号。(一)时间状语从句1.when引导的时间状语从句连词when的意思是“当……时候”,when引导的时间状语从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时发生,也可以是先后发生。when既可以指时间点,也可以指时间段。Callmewhenyou'vefinished.你完成后就打电话给我。(先后发生)MyfatherwasreadinganewspaperwhenIwassleeping.当我睡觉的时候,父亲在看报。(同时发生)Whatwasyourmotherdoingwhenyoucameback?你回来时你妈妈在做什么?(时间点)WhenIwasachild,IusedtogototheGreatWall.12\n当我还是个小孩子的时候,我常常去长城。(时间段)2.while引导的时间状语从句连词while的意思是“当……时”,while引导时间状语从句时,谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如果从句谓语动词为非延续性动词,则须用进行时态。while若出现在过去进行时的句子中,结构一般是“while+过去进行时,一般过去时”。WhileIwasshopping,theUFOlanded.我购物的时候,不明飞行物降落了。3.as引导的时间状语从句as引导的时间状语从句,表示“当……时”或“一边……一边”,主句和从句的动作同时发生。Asthechildrenwalkedalongthelake,theysanghappily.孩子们一边沿着湖走,一边愉快地唱歌。Ashewasachild,hebegantolearntoplaythepiano.当他还是个小孩的时候,他就开始学弹钢琴了。4.before引导的时间状语从句此时表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。Hehadstudiedinthisschoolbeforehejoinedthearmy.参军之前,他在这所学校学习过。5.after引导的时间状语从句此时主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。Afterhelockedthedoor,heleft.他锁上门后离开了。注意after引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句的主语常为相同的人或物,如果主句的动作发生在从句之后,可以转换为not...until(before)...引导的时间状语从句。Helefttheclassroomafterhefinishedhishomework.→Hedidn'tleavetheclassroomuntil(before)hefinishedhishomework.他完成作业后才离开教室。6.until(till)引导的时间状语从句until意思是“直到……”,主从句都是肯定句,主句的谓语动词为延续性动词,此时until=till。表示“直到……才……”时,主句用否定句,从句用肯定句,主句中的谓语动词为非延续性动词。Theyworkeduntil(till)itwasdark.他们一直工作到天黑。Ididn'tgotobeduntilshecameback.直到她回来我才睡觉。注意until与till12\n引导时间状语从句时,通常可以交换使用,但如果从句在句首,则只能使用until。Untilhewenttherehedidn'tknowthat.直到他到那儿,他才知道那件事。7.assoonas引导的时间状语从句assoonas意思是“一……就……”。Assoonashecameintotheroom,Iwouldtellhimthatthing.他一走进房间,我就告诉他那件事。Pleasewritetousassoonasyougetthere.你一到那儿,就请给我们写信。I'llcometoseeyouassoonasIarrivethere.我一到那儿,就去看你。注意assoonas引导的从句为时间状语从句,当主句是一般将来时态时,从句要用一般现在时。Hewillreturnthebookassoonashefinishesit.他一看完这本书就去归还。8.since引导的时间状语从句since意思是“自从……”,它引导的从句中的动词多用过去式,表示动作的起点。主句表示动作的延续,用现在完成时。如果主句中的动作表示的不是延续性动作而是目前的状态,主句可用一般现在时。Ihaven'theardfrommyfriendsinceIwenttoDalian.我到大连后就没有收到过我朋友的信。Itistenyearssinceshelefthere.自从她离开已有十个年头了。(二)条件状语从句1.if引导的条件状语从句if意思是“如果……就……”。如果主句是一般将来时,if引导的从句就要用一般现在时。Ifitdoesn'train,I'llgofishing.如果不下雨,我就去钓鱼。2.unless引导的条件状语从句unless意思是“除非;如果不”,相当于ifnot。如果主句是一般将来时,unless引导的从句就要用一般现在时。Unlessyouworkhard,youwon'tpasstheexam.除非你努力学习,否则你会考试不及格的。TheywillhaveapicnicunlessitrainsnextSunday.他们是要进行野炊活动的,除非下周日下雨。12\n注意当if引导的从句为否定句时,可以与unless相互转化。Ifheisn'tbusy,he'llcometomeetus.=Unlessheisbusy,he'llcometomeetus.(三)原因状语从句1.because引导的原因状语从句because表示最直接的原因,为why问句的答语。Hedidn'tcomebecausehewasill.他没有来是因为他病了。Hedidn'tcatchthefirstbusbecausehegotuptoolate.因为他起床太晚了,所以没有赶上第一班车。注意because引导的从句不能与so(所以)连用。因为我取得了好成绩,所以我妈妈很高兴。(×)BecauseIgotagoodmark,somymotherwashappy.(√)BecauseIgotagoodmark,mymotherwashappy.(√)MymotherwashappybecauseIgotagoodmark.2.as引导的原因状语从句as可以引导原因状语从句,表示“正如所知道的那样”。as从句说明原因,主句说明结果,主从句并重。Asitwasraining,Istayedathome.由于下雨,我便待在家里。Asyoucansee,Lucydoesn'tlikestudyingatall.正如你所看到的那样,露西根本不喜欢学习。3.since引导的原因状语从句since意思是“因为;既然”,侧重主句,since从句表示显然的或已经知道的理由。Weshouldstudyhardsincewearestudents.既然我们是学生,我们就应该努力学习。Sincewehavegotreadyforit,let'ssetoff.既然我们已经准备好了,那就出发吧。(四)结果状语从句1.so...that...引导的结果状语从句12\nso...that...意思是“如此……以至于……”,so后接形容词或副词,而在that引导的从句中,行为动词前通常有情态动词can或could。2.such...that...引导的结果状语从句such...that...意思是“如此……以至于……”,such后用名词。Sheissuchalovelygirlthatwealllikeher.她是一个如此可爱的女孩,我们都喜欢她。Itissuchaheavyboxthatnobodycanmoveitaway.这个箱子很重,没有人能搬动它。3.so...that...和such...that...的区别(1)so...that...与such...that...意思相同,二者可以交换使用,其区别在于so后跟形容词或副词,such后跟名词。(2)但如果是形容词many,much,few,little(少)修饰名词时,则只能使用so...that...。Wehavesomuchtimethatwecanfinishthework.我们有足够的时间,能完成这项工作。4.so...that...和其他句型的互换(1)so...that...可以转化为too...todosth.或not...enoughtodosth.在转换为not...enoughtodosth.句型时,not后要用原句中的形容词或副词的反义词。Sheissoyoungthatshecan'tgotothattownalone.=Sheistooyoungtogotothattownalone.=Sheisn'toldenoughtogotothattownalone.她太小了,不能一个人去那个城镇。(2)如果so...that...从句的主语与主句的主语不一致时,转换为too...todosth.或not...enoughtodosth.句型时,须在动词不定式短语的to前加上“for+从句的主语”。Thatlessonissodifficultthatnobodycanunderstandit.=Thatlessonistoodifficultforeverybodytounderstand.=Thatlessonisn'teasyenoughforeverybodytounderstand.那一课太难了,没有人能理解它。(五)目的状语从句12\n1.sothat引导的目的状语从句sothat意为“以便;为了”,sothat引导的从句只能放在主句之后,从句中常用can,could,may,might等情态动词。Pleasesayitinaloudvoicesothateveryonecanhearit.请大声说,以便大家都能听见。Hegotupearlysothathecouldgetthereintime.他起得早是为了能及时赶到那里。注意sothat引导的目的状语从句可以用inorderto转换为简单句。IshallwritedownyourphonenumbersothatImaynotforgetit.=Ishallwritedownyourphonemumberinordernottoforgetit.我将记下你的电话号码,以免忘记它。2.inorderthat引导的目的状语从句inorderthat的意思是“为了;以便”,inorderthat引导的从句可放于句首,也可放于句尾,但从句中依然要使用can,could,may,might等情态动词。Heworksharderinorderthathecangotoagoodcollege.为了上一所好的大学,他更加努力地学习。Theyleftearlyinorderthattheycouldcatchtheearlybus.他们早些离开是为了能赶上早班车。(六)让步状语从句1.though/although引导的让步状语从句。though/although意思是“虽然;但是”,though与although一般情况下可以换用,但如果是用在虚拟句或与even,as连用时,只能使用though。注意though,although与but不能出现在同一组主从复合句中,二者只能保留其一,但是可以与still连用。2.evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句evenif与eventhough意思相同,都是“即使”,evenif/eventhough引导的从句可以放在主句之后,也可以放在主句之前。He'llgothereeventhough/iftheweatherisbad.尽管天气恶劣,他也要去那里。三、定语从句12\n1.概念以及相关术语(1)概念:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。(2)先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。(3)关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。如that,which,who,whom,whose等。(1)who指人,在定语从句中作主语。ThemanwhospokeatthemeetingisfromHongKong.会上发言的人来自香港。Thenumberofpeoplewholosthomesreached250,000.失去家园的人数多达250,000。注意当关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。Heisoneoftheboyswholikeplayingbasketball.他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。Heistheoneoftheboyswholikesplayingbasketball.他就是那些男孩中喜欢打篮球的那个。(2)whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,常可省略。Thelady(who/whom)heistalkingtoishisgirlfriend.和他正在交谈的女士是他的女友。Theathlete(who/whom)IlikedmostwasCarlLewis.我最喜欢的运动员是卡尔·刘易斯。注意关系代词whom在口语中或非正式文体中常可用who来代替,也可以省略。(3)which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常省略。Thebuildingwhichisbeingbuiltwillbeusedasahospital.正在建设中的这幢建筑将被用作医院。(主语)Idon'tlikethestorywhichhetoldmeafewdaysago.我不喜欢几天前他给我讲的那个故事。(宾语)(4)that可以指人,也可以指物。指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which;that作宾语时,常省略。Thewomanathletethat(who/whom)Ireadaboutinthenewspaperhasjustwonagoldmedal.12\n我在报纸上看到过的那位女运动员刚刚获得了一枚金牌。(指人,作宾语)Tomatoisausefulvegetablethat(which)isgoodforhealth.西红柿是一种对健康很有益的蔬菜。(指物,作主语)(5)whose通常指人,也可以指物,在定语从句中作定语。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownallovertheworld.我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。(指人)MrGreenlivesinahousewhoseroofisred.格林先生住在一座红屋顶的房子里。(指物)3.下列情况,只能用that引导,不能用which引导:(1)当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代词时。Isthereanything(that)youdon'tunderstand?你还有不懂的地方吗?Tomtoldhismotherallthathadhappened.汤姆把发生的一切告诉了他的妈妈。(2)当先行词前面有theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时(当先行词是人时,也可用关系代词who,whom)。Heistheonlypersonthat(who)canhelpyou.(3)当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihaveeverread.这是我读过的最好的书。(4)当先行词前面有only,all,any,no等修饰时。IwanttoreadallthebooksthatwerewrittenbyMoYan.我想把莫言的书全读完。(5)当主句是以疑问词who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whoistheboythatisplayingfootball?正在踢足球的男孩是谁?【课后拓展】1.hehaslittleknowledge,theoldworkerhasalotofexperience.A.Although.B.Because.C.If2.---Excuseme,canIinterviewMr.Millerthisafternoon?12\n---Amoment,please.Letmecheck.A.ifMr.MillerwillbefreeB.whenwillMr.MillerhavetimeC.ifMr.MillerhadanappointmentD.whendoesMr.Millercomeback3.WeWillgoforapicnicifit_______tomorrow.A.doesn'trainB.wasn'trainyC.won'trainD.wasn'training4.—WhyisHarvey'smothersohappy?—Becauseonlythreestudents_____,_____hissonHarvey.A.failedtheexam;besidesB.madeprogress;exceptC.madeprogress;includingD.passedtheexam;without5.—Ilikedrinkingwine.Butpeoplewhodrinkwinearen’tallowedtodrive.—IfIyou,Iwouldgiveupwine.A.were;drinkingB.am;drinkingC.were;drinkD.was;todrink6.---Doyouknowthegirl_____ishelpingtheoldwoman.---Oh,that'smysister,A.whomB.whoseC.whoD.where7.Pleasepassmethecartoonbook_________hasaMickeyMouseonthecover.A.whomB.whoseC.whoD.which8.Thisistheprimaryschool______Istudiedthreeyearsago.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which9.—DoyouenjoyMyheartwillgoon?—No,Iprefersongsloud.A.thatisB.whichisC.thatareD.whatare10.Successwillbelongtothose________neversay"impossible".A.whomB.whatC.whoD.which11.Ithink_____notdifficult_____Englisheverymorning.A.that;keepreadingB.it’s;keepreadingC.that;tokeepreadingD.it;tokeepreading12.Istillrememberthetime_____wespenttogetheratXisaiMountainlastyear.12\nA.whenB.whatC.whoD.which13.TheEnglish-Chinesedictionarymyfatherboughtformemanyyearsagoisstillofgreatvalue.A.whoseB.whenC.whoD.that14.—I’mnewhere.Couldyoupleasetellme_______?—Sure.It’sovertherebehindthattower.A.wheretheyouthcentreisB.whenthelibraryopensC.howfaristheamusementparkD.howcanIgettotheundergroundstation15.—Canyoutellme____theprize,Tom?—Lastyear.A.whenyougotB.whendidyougetC.whenwillyougetD.whenyouwillget二.根据句意及汉语提示完成句子1.Ididn'tknow_________________(他住在哪里).2.—Couldyoutellme______________________(你是否去)tothebeachtomorrow?—I'mnotsure.___________________(如果不下雨),I'llgothere.3.Thegirl_________very________(个子很高)isJohn'ssister.4.Welikemusic_________________________(让我们轻松的).5.Helikesplaces________________(天气暖和的).6.(虽然)itrainedhardthismorning,nobodyinourclasswaslateforschool.7.Ourteachertoldus__________________(太阳从东方升起).8.Hehasmademanyfriends(自从他来到中国).9.I'llstayhere_______________(直到他回来).10.Thewatch(我昨天买的)waslost.12
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