2022年高考真题——英语（全国乙卷）（Word版带解析）

2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Havebreakfast.B.Takeawalk.C.Callhisoffice.2.WhatwasGeorgedoinglastnight?A.Havingameeting.B.Flyinghome.C.Workingonaproject.3.Whydoesthemansuggestgoingtothepark?A.It’sbig.B.It’squiet.C.It’snew.4.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Annoyed.B.Pleased.C.Puzzled.5Whereistheman’stable?A.Nearthedoor.B.Bythewindow.C.Inthecorner.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?A.Eatout.B.Goshopping.C.Dosports.\n7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandsecretary.B.Hostessandguest.C.Husbandandwife.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.WhydoesthewomanthinkJulyisthebesttimetomove?A.Theirbusinessisslow.B.Theweatherisfavorable.C.It’seasytohirepeople.9.Howwilltheyhandlethemoving?A.Finishitallatonce.B.Havethesalessectiongofirst.C.Doonedepartmentatatime.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhatdidPeterlearnfromhisgrandfather?A.Howtoappreciateartworks.B.Howtodealwithartists.C.Howtorunamuseum.11.WhatdidPeterdoinChicago?A.Hestudiedatacollege.B.Heservedinthearmy.C.Heworkedinagallery.12.WhoseworksdidPeterlikebest?A.Rembrandt’s.B.Botticelli’s.C.Rubens’.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atalibrary.B.Inalawfirm.C.Onatrain.14.BywhattimedidJohnplantofinishhistermpaper?A.March.B.August.C.October.15.WhydidJohnquithispart-timejob?A.Hehadtocatchupwithhisstudy.B.Hewasofferedabetterone.C.Hegottiredofit.16.WhatisSusan’sattitudetoJohn’sproblem?A.Carefree.B.Understanding.C.Forgiving.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatdidthespeakerdobeforetheyear2012?A.Afitnesscoach.B.Achessplayer.C.Amarathonrunner.18.Whywasthe2016Olympicsimportantforthespeaker?A.HewasmotivatedbyBolt.B.Hebrokeaworldrecord.C.Hewonfifthplace.19.Whichisthehardestforthespeaker?A.Gettingoveraninjury.B.Doingstrengthtraining.C.RepresentingBotswana.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Hisplantogoforthegold.B.Hisexperienceonthetrack.C.Hisloveforhishomecountry.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。\nAHenryRaeburn(1756-1823)TheExhibitionThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland’sbestlovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.Selectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.LectureSeriesScottishNationalPortrait(肖像画)Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.AnIntroductiontoRaeburnSunday26Oct.,15.00DUNCANTHOMSONRaeburn’sEnglishContemporariesThursday30Oct.,13.10JUDYEGERTONCharactersandCharacterisationinRaeburn’sPortraitsThursday6Nov.,13.10NICHOLASPHILLIPSONRaeburnandArtist’sTraininginthe18thCenturyThursday13Nov.,13.10MARTINPOSTLEExhibitionTimesMonday-Saturday10.00-17.45Sunday12.00-17.45Lastadmissiontotheexhibition:17.15.Thereisnore-admission.Closed:24-26Decemberand1January.Admission£4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.SchoolsandCollegesAspeciallowentrancechargeof£2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.1.WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaeburn’sEnglishContemporaries?A.Sun.26Oct.B.Thurs.30Oct.C.Thurs.6Nov.D.Thurs.13Nov.2.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?\nA.£4.B.£8.C.£12.D.£16.3.Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?A.TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings.B.Theyshouldcomefromartschools.C.Theymustbeledbyteachers.D.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.【答案】1.B2.B3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士进行的展览的相关情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据表格右上角Raeburn’sEnglishContemporaries部分“Thursday30Oct.(10月30日星期四)”可知，在10月30日星期四可以去参加Raeburn’sEnglishContemporaries。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Admission部分“£4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.(4英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。)”可知，一对夫妇应付4+4=8英镑，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Aspeciallowentrancechargeof£2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.(所有全日制教育的学生，高至并包括那些学士学位水平的学生，在有教师的组织团体中，均可享受每人2英镑的特别低入场费。)”可知，全日制学生在有教师的组织团体中，可以获得折扣，即他们必须由教师带领。故选C项。BIn1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff’sgranddaughter.\nWhydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.InWickenden’sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls’decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牵涉)drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(坚忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:“Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”4.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?A.Toteachinaschool.B.TostudyAmericanhistory.C.Towriteabook.D.Todosightseeing.5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.CTheylivedwiththelocalkids.D.Theysufferedseverehardships.6.WhichpartofWickenden’swritingishair-raising?A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.7.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport.B.Abookreview.C.Achildren’sstory.D.Adiaryentry.【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.B【解析】\n【导语】这是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了DorothyWickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.-DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.(1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩——DorothyWoodruff和RosamondUnderwood——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。)”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,andlikethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentaileddrillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.(这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicismofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.(Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。CCanasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrail\ntracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.8.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B.Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.9.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.10.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?AToprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?\nA.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceDHowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可知使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.(据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure（检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和C项：Inspectionandrepair(检修)含义相近。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously(工程师们现在正在研究一个新概念:未来的铁路无人机。它们将在列车前方的轨道上运行，并被设定为自动运行)”可知铁路无人机有望让火车自动运行。故选B。\n【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometersofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。DTheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake£520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate£240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.\nToday'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（设施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.12.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildren’shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.13.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts’sugarcontent.14.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.ClassicCoke.15.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.【答案】12.C13.D14.D15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity.（该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。）”可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖。故选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturerssotheycanavoidpayingthetax.（此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税。）”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产\n品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.（然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的。）”可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Today’sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthiereatinginschools.（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑）”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain(保持)long-distancefriendships.·SetaregulardateLong-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact(联系)andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.___16___.·Moreisn’talwaysmerrierMakesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.___17___.Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.·Practiseempathy(共情)___18___.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothe\nfactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.·___19___Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends’birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.·Don’trelyontechnologyalone___20___,butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.A.RememberimportantdatesB.CompensatebywritinglettersC.ItisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeperD.TrytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoitE.FriendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunicationF.ItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmediaG.Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind【答案】16D17.B18.G19.A20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。【16题详解】上文“Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话。）讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去”给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D项。【17题详解】上文“Makesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.”（确保你已经与你的朋友沟通过，了解你们彼此希望联系的次数，以及哪种沟通方式最适合你们两人。）提到异地朋友之间要商量\n沟通方式，B项“可以通过写信补偿”提出了其中一种沟通方式：写信，下文“Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.”（除了不断的文字交流，还有其他方式，比如发语音或者组建群聊。）补充了发语音等其他沟通方式，其中“constantwrittencommunication”呼应了B项的“writingletters”。故选B项。【18题详解】下文“Thefriendwhoisremaining”（留下来的朋友）和“Theoneinthenewenvironment”（在新环境中的那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“thefriendwholeft”和“theonewhowasleftbehind”分别对应下文“Theoneinthenewenvironment”和“Thefriendwhoisremaining”，所以G项符合题意。故选G项。【19题详解】分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文“Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的。）讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子”，所以A项符合题意。故选A项。【20题详解】设空处所在句子的后半句“butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。）讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“requiremoreconsciousefforttosustain”形成转折，而且其中的“socialmedia”呼应了该段的小标题“Don’trelyontechnologyalone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F项。语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there’ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout___21___someoneelse’sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobe\nseen.However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably___22___athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies___23___.Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas___24___asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butour___25___researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology___26___thatidea.Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each___27___satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor___28___.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould___29___orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn’t.Thesame___30___happenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:___31___childrensaidthattheycouldn’t___32___toher.Anumberof___33___ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects___34___thequestionsandknew___35___whatwasaskedofthem.Their___36___tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue___37___that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”Theysimply___38___mutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.Our___39___suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod___40___whenothersuseit.21.A.followingB.takingC.escapingD.directing22.A.cleverB.badC.scaredD.quick23.A.exposedB.examinedC.untouchedD.imbalanced24.A.supportedB.guaranteedC.imaginedD.interpreted25.A.disappointingB.mixedC.surprisingD.desired26.A.explainedB.confirmedC.contradictedD.tested27.A.parentB.childC.researcherD.doctor28.A.feetB.noseC.handsD.ears29.A.seeB.helpC.reachD.fool30.A.eventB.thingC.actionD.accident31.A.YetB.NowC.SoonD.Once32.A.speakB.listenC.turnD.wave\n33.A.instructionsB.descriptionsC.experimentsD.assumptions34.A.comprehendedB.predictedC.exploredD.ignored35.A.partlyB.honestlyC.vaguelyD.exactly36.A.responsesB.approachesC.contributionD.sensitivity37.A.abilityB.beliefC.identityD.purpose38.A.holdbackB.relatetoC.insistonD.makeup39.A.limitationsB.requirementsC.theoriesD.findings40.A.tentativeB.impressiveC.creativeD.effective【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.D25.C26.C27.B28.D29.A30.B31.B32.A33.C34.A35.D36.A37.B38.C39.D40.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。A.following跟随；B.taking取走；C.escaping避开；D.directing指导。根据上文“Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.”可知，儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A.clever聪明的；B.bad不擅长的；C.scared害怕的；D.quick快的。根据下文“Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies”可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，bebadatsth.表示“不擅长某事”。故选B项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。A.exposed无遮蔽的；B.examined已检查过的；C.untouched未受影响的；D.imbalanced失衡的。根据上文“Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies”可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A项。\n【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。A.supported支持；B.guaranteed保证；C.imagined想象；D.interpreted解释。根据下文“asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”creatures.”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A.disappointing令人失望的；B.mixed混合的；C.surprising令人惊讶的；D.desired渴望的。根据下文“researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology_6_thatidea.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾，所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选C项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A.explained解释；B.confirmed证实；C.contradicted相矛盾；D.tested测试。根据下文“Our19suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod_20_whenothersuseit.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选C项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A.parent父母亲；B.child儿童；C.researcher研究员；D.doctor医生。根据上文“Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.”可知，儿童参加实验，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A.feet脚；B.nose鼻子；C.hands手；D.ears耳朵。根据下文“orheartheadult”可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A.see看见；B.help帮助；C.reach到达；D.fool欺骗。根据上文“anadultwhocoveredherowneyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。\n【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A.event大事；B.thing事情；C.action行动；D.accident事故。根据下文“childrensaidthattheycouldn’t_12_toher.”可知，此处表示同样的事情发生了，孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选B项。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A.Yet然而；B.Now此刻；C.Soon很快；D.Once一次。根据语境，此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，这时孩子们说不能和成年人说话了。故选B项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A.speak说；B.listen听；C.turn转；D.wave挥手。根据上文“whentheadultcoveredherownmouth”可知，此处孩子们表示他们不能和成年人说话了。故选A项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A.instructions命令；B.descriptions说明；C.experiments实验；D.assumptions假设。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选C项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A.comprehended理解；B.predicted预测；C.explored探索；D.ignored忽略。根据下文“thequestionsandknew_15_whatwasaskedofthem”可知，儿童理解了问题，并能确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选A项。【35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A.partly部分地；B.honestly诚实地；C.vaguely含糊地；D.exactly确切地。根据下文“whatwasaskedofthem.Their16tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue_17_”可知，孩子们确切地知道自己被问了什么，他们的答案反映了他们真实的看法。故选D项。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A.responses回答；B.approaches方法；C.contribution贡献；D.\nsensitivity敏感性。根据下文“tothequestions”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。【37题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A.ability能力；B.belief看法；C.identity身份；D.purpose目的。根据下文“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B项。【38题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A.holdback阻止；B.relateto有关联；C.insiston坚持；D.makeup弥补。根据上文“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。A.limitations限制；B.requirements必要条件；C.theories理论；D.findings调查发现。根据上文“Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.”可知，此处表示实验的研究结果表明孩子的“隐藏”并不是自我中心主义的结果。故选D项。【40题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。A.tentative实验性的；B.impressive令人印象深刻的；C.creative创造性的；D.effective有效的。根据上文“Theysimply18mutualrecognitionandregard.”可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficially___41___theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.Tocelebrate___42___festival,anumberofeventstookplaceattheChineseBusinessmanMuseuminBeijingonThursday.ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety___43___(address)theopeningceremony.“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe___44___(large)tea-producingcountry,Chinahasa___45___(responsible)toworkwithothercountriesto\npromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.Itcanhelptobuildacommunitywitha___46___(share)futureformankind,”hesaid.The“FirstInternationalTeaDayTeaRoadCooperativeInitiative”issued(发布)attheceremonycallsforpeopleworkingintheteaindustrytocometogethertopromoteinternationalcooperation___47___culturalexchanges.Afour-yearteapromotion—TeaRoadCooperativePlan—wasalsoissuedinaccordancewiththeinitiative.___48___(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,___49___(invite)twenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremony,opening____50____(it)firstexhibition:TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu’erTea.【答案】41.by42.the43.addressed44.largest45.responsibility46.shared47.and48.Tostrengthen49.inviting50.its【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日，中国商会博物馆所举办的一系列活动。【41题详解】考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指InternationalTeaDay这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。【43题详解】\n考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。【44题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。【45题详解】考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。【46题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。【47题详解】考查连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。名词internationalcooperation和culturalexchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。【48题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填Tostrengthen。【49题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语theevent与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。【50题详解】考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节，短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)\n51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Weallknowthatcyclingisagreatlyexercise.Adoctortellsmepeoplewholivesthelongestaredancersandcyclists.Maybeitisbecausethecombinationoffreshair,smoothmovementandexercise.Whetheryourideabicycle,youdon’tusepetrol.Sotheyarenotproducingcarbondioxideandnotcauseairpollution.Justseehowcarshavebeentakenoverourcities.Theyoftenrunathighspeeds,whatmayputourlivesindanger.Andthereweretrafficjams,too.Ourcitieswillbebetterplacesifwereplacecarswithbicycle.【答案】1.greatly→great2.lives→live3.在because后加of4.Whether→If或Whether→When5.they→you6.cause→causing7.去掉have后的been8.what→which9.were→are10.bicycle→bicycles【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者表述了骑自行车这项运动可以带来的好处。【详解】1.考查形容词。句意:我们都知道骑自行车是一项很好的运动。需用形容词作定语修饰名词exercise。故将greatly改为great。2.考查主谓一致。句意：医生告诉我，寿命最长的人是舞蹈家和骑自行车的人。people是集合名词，谓语动词用复数。故将lives改为live。3.考查介词。句意：也许是因为新鲜空气、流畅的运动和锻炼的结合。because表示“因为”，\n后面接从句，短语becauseof表示“因为”，后面接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语，thecombinationoffreshair,smoothmovementandexercise是名词短语。故在because后加of。4.考查状语从句连接词。句意：当你骑自行车的时候你是不用汽油的。由句意可知，该句阐述的是一个事实，需用if或when引导；位于句首，注意首字母大写。故将Whether改为If或改为When。5.考查代词。句意：所以你不会制造出二氧化碳，也不会造成空气污染。根据前一句中的人称you可知，这里假设“你”骑自行车，前后人称应保持一致。故将they改为you。6.考查非谓语动词。句意：所以你不会制造出二氧化碳，也不会造成空气污染。本句时态为现在进行时，连词and连接两个并列的现在分词，构成进行时。故将cause改为causing。7.考查语态。句意：看看汽车是如何占领我们的城市的。主语cars与动词takeover之间是主谓关系，应用主动语态。故去掉have后的been。8.考查定语从句关系词。句意：它们经常高速行驶，这可能会危及我们的生命。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的一句话，在从句中做主语，应用which引导。故将what改为which。9.考查时态。句意：还有交通堵塞。根据上下文时态可知，本句应用一般现在时。故将were改为are。10.考查名词。句意：如果用自行车代替汽车，我们的城市将变得更好。bicycle为可数名词，由句中的cars和句意可知，此处应用复数形式。故将bicycle改为bicycles。第二节书面表达(满分25分)52.学校英文报正在开展以LearningEnglishBeyondtheClassroom为题的讨论。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：1.学习活动状况描述：2.简单评论;3.你的建议。\n注意：1.词数100左右;2.短文的题目和首句已为你写好。【答案】LearningEnglishBeyondtheClassroomNowadays,withthegrowingpopularityofsmartphonesandcomputers,anincreasingnumberofstudentsarechoosingtolearnEnglishbeyondtheclassroominvariousways.ItcaneasilybeseenthatthepercentageofstudentswhochooselisteningtoEnglishsongsandwatchingEnglishmoviesisrespectively65%and50%.However,thosechoosingreadingEnglishbooksandvisitingEnglishlearningwebsitesonlyaccountfor18%and12%.AsfarasI’mconcerned,itisadisturbingtrend.Forstudents,whatbenefitsmosttotheirstudyisreadingEnglishbooks.Becauseoftheirlackofself-discipline,they’remoreeasilyaddictedtochattingonlineorplayinggames.It’surgentforstudentsthemselvestoimprovetheirself-discipline,andit’salsourgentforparentsandteacherstostrengthentheguidance.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于说明文。要求考生请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文给学校英文报投稿。【详解】1.词汇积累选择：choose→select提高：improve→strengthen各种各样的：various→diverse就我而言：asfarasI’mconcerned→frommyperspective2.句式拓展\n简单句变复合句原句：Nowadays,withthegrowingpopularityofsmartphonesandcomputers,anincreasingnumberofstudentsarechoosingtolearnEnglishbeyondtheClassroominvariousways.拓展句：Nowadays,becausesmartphonesandcomputersarebecomingmoreandmorepopular,anincreasingnumberofstudentsarechoosingtolearnEnglishbeyondtheClassroominvariousways.【点睛】【高分句型1】ItcaneasilybeseenthatthepercentageofstudentswhochooselisteningtoEnglishsongsandwatchingEnglishmoviesisrespectively65%and50%.(运用了it作形式主语，that引导主语从句以及who引导的定语从句)【高分句型2】It'surgentforstudentsthemselvestoimprovetheirself-discipline(运用了it作形式主语，toimprovetheirself-discipline为真正的主语)