初中英语人教版2025届中考常考易错题讲解（共44道）

中考英语常考易错题1.宾语从句[知识点讲解]宾语从句在复合句中充当宾语，关键要素有引导词、语序与时态。引导词that常可省略，用于陈述事实；if/whether表“是否”；特殊疑问词引出特殊疑问性质的宾语从句。语序需为陈述句语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”。时态遵循“主现从随便，主过从必过”原则，客观真理除外例如“Thescientistsaidthattheearthrevolvesaroundthesun.”。[易错题]Iwonderwheredoeshelive.[解析]没按陈述句语序，应改为“Iwonderwherehelives.”，学生易受疑问句语序干扰。[配套练习]Doyouknowwhat______(isshedoing/sheisdoing)?2.定语从句[知识点讲解]定语从句修饰先行词，关系代词有that、which、who、whom、whose，关系副词有when、where、why。先行词为人且在从句作主语、宾语用who/that；先行词为物，用which/that；whose表所属关系。关系副词对应时间、地点、原因先行词如“ThecitywhereIwasbornisverybeautiful.”。[易错题]ThisisthepenwhoIlostyesterday.[解析]先行词pen是物，不能用who，应换为which/that，注意先行词与引导词的适配。[配套练习]Theman______(that/which)helpedmeismyteacher.3.被动语态[知识点讲解]被动语态突出动作承受者，结构是“be+过去分词”，be随不同时态、人称变化。一般现在时为“am/is/are+过去分词”；一般过去时是“was/were+过去分词”；含情态动词的被动语态是“情态动词+be+过去分词”例如“Thesetreesshouldbewateredregularly.”[易错题]Thecakemadebymymomyesterday.[解析]句子缺be动词，应是“Thecakewasmadebymymomyesterday.”，遗漏be是常见失误。[配套练习]Theletter______(write)byhimlastweek.4.现在完成时[知识点讲解]此时态着重过去动作对当下的影响、结果，或过去动作持续至今，结构“have/has+过去分词”，常搭配already、yet、just等时间副词，瞬间动词与延续性动词转换要牢记，像borrow变keep。[易错题]Hehasborrowedthebookfortwoweeks.[解析]borrow是瞬间动词，不能接时间段，应改为“Hehaskeptthebookfortwoweeks.”[配套练习]I______(have)thisbikesinceIwastenyearsold.5.过去进行时[知识点讲解]过去进行时描述过去某一时刻或时段正在进行的动作，结构“was/were+8,现在分词”，常与when、while联用，when后可接瞬间或延续动作，while后接延续动作，如“WhileIwascooking,thephonerang.”[易错题]Theywasplayingfootballwhenitstartedtorain.[解析]主语they，be动词要用were，即“Theywereplayingfootballwhenitstartedtorain.”，主谓搭配需精准。[配套练习]I______(read)abookwhenmysistercamein.6.一般将来时[知识点讲解]常见表达形式有“will+动词原形”，表临时决定、预测；“begoingto+动词原形”侧重计划、打算，二者有细微语义差别.例如“IwillgoshoppingifIhavetime.”“I'mgoingtostudyabroadnextyear.”[易错题]Shewillgoingtothepartytonight.[解析]语法结构错误，will后接动词原形，应是“Shewillgotothepartytonight.”[配套练习]Lookattheclouds.It______(willrain/isgoingtorain).7.情态动词[知识点讲解]情态动词如can、could、may、might、must等，后接动词原形，用来表达能力、许可、请求、推测等语义。must用于肯定句表推测，否定推测用can't，例如“Hemustbeathomebecausehiscarisinthedriveway.”[易错题]Youmusttowearaseatbeltinthecar.[解析]must后直接接动词原形，去掉to，“Youmustwearaseatbeltinthecar.”[配套练习]Thelightison.He______(may/must)beathome.8.动词不定式[知识点讲解]动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分，在使役动词make、let、have后，不定式的to可省略，例如“Letmehelpyou.”[易错题]Thebosslettheworkerstoworkovertime.[解析]let后不定式不带to，改为“Thebosslettheworkersworkovertime.”[配套练习]Myparentswantme______(study)harder.9.动名词[知识点讲解]动名词是动词+ing形式，具备名词属性，可作主语、宾语、表语等，常用于特定搭配，如enjoydoingsth.、finishdoingsth.，例如“Ienjoylisteningtomusic.”[易错题]Hefinishedtowritethereportlastnight.[解析]finish后接动名词，应是“Hefinishedwritingthereportlastnight.”[配套练习]Shelikes______(dance)verymuch.10.分词[知识点讲解]分词分现在分词（-ing形式）和过去分词（-ed形式，部分有不规则变化），现在分词表主动、进行，过去分词表被动、完成，常用于分词短语作定语、状语，比如“Theboystandingthereismybrother.”[易错题]Thebookwritebyhimisverypopular.[解析]book与write是被动关系，要用过去分词written，“Thebookwrittenbyhimisverypopular.”[配套练习]______(See)fromthemountain,thesceneryisbreathtaking.8,11.相似单词辨析[知识点讲解]except与expect：except意为“除……之外（不包括）”，expect是“期待，盼望”，例如“EveryoneishereexceptTom.”“Iexpecttoseeyousoon.”beside与besides：beside指“在……旁边”，是方位介词，besides表示“除……之外（还有）”，如“Hesatbesideher.”“BesidesEnglish,Ialsolikemath.”[易错题]Ihavenothingexceptforexpectingyourreply.[解析]两个词混淆，应是“Ihavenothingexcepttoexpectyourreply.”，没分清语义差别。[配套练习]______(Except/Besides)math,whatothersubjectsdoyoulike?12.单词拼写与变形[知识点讲解]单词变形涉及名词复数、动词时态、形容词副词转换等，不规则变化需重点记忆，像foot-feet，go-went-gone，happy-happily。[易错题]HeteachedusEnglishlastyear.[解析]teach过去式是taught，应改为“HetaughtusEnglishlastyear.”[配套练习]The______(child)areplayinggamesintheyard.13.一词多义[知识点讲解]不少单词有多个含义，例如“run”，有“跑”“经营”“流淌”等义，需依据语境判断，如“Herunsabigcompany.”“Theriverrunsfast.”[易错题]Myfatherwillpostajobinthecompany.[解析]此处post理解错误，应是“hold”，句子改为“Myfatherwillholdajobinthecompany.”，没掌握一词多义致错。[配套练习]Canyou______(post/hold)thispositionintheteam?14.形容词比较级与最高级[知识点讲解]单音节词一般加-er/-est变比较级、最高级；多音节词前加more/most，还有特殊变化，比较级搭配than，最高级前加the及范围短语，如“Heisthetallestboyintheclass.”[易错题]Thisbookismorebetterthanthatone.[解析]better已是比较级，more多余，应删去。[配套练习]Sheisoneofthe______(clever)studentsinthegrade.15.名词可数与不可数[知识点讲解]名词分可数、不可数，可数有单复数形式，可加a/an、数词；不可数名词常用some、much修饰，无复数形式，例如“water”“information”是不可数。[易错题]Ihaveagoodnewstotellyou.[解析]news是不可数名词，去掉a，“Ihavegoodnewstotellyou.”[配套练习]Thereissome______(paper/papers)onthedesk.16.lookforwardto[知识点讲解]to是介词，后接动名词，表“期待做某事”，是高频易错点，例如“I'mlookingforwardtomeetingyou.”[易错题]Ilookforwardtoseeyounextweek.8,[解析]see应改为seeing，遵循搭配规则。[配套练习]Wearelookingforwardto______(visit)thenewmuseum.17.beusedto[知识点讲解]beusedtodoingsth.是“习惯于做某事”；usedtodosth.是“过去常常做某事”，语义与结构不同，如“Heisusedtolivinginthecity.”“Heusedtosmoke.”[易错题]Sheusedtolivingalone.[解析]混淆二者，应改为“Sheisusedtolivingalone.”[配套练习]He______(usedto/isusedto)getupearly,butnowhesleepsin.18.payattentionto[知识点讲解]to是介词，后接动名词，意为“注意做某事”，例如“Payattentiontospellingthesewordscorrectly.”[易错题]Pleasepayattentiontowriteneatly.[解析]write改成writing，牢记介词后动词形式。[配套练习]Youshouldpayattentionto______(listen)totheteacherinclass.19.makesb.dosth.[知识点讲解]make作使役动词，让某人做某事时，后接不带to的不定式，如“Theteachermademecleantheclassroom.”[易错题]Mymothermademetocleanmyroom.[解析]去掉to，“Mymothermademecleanmyroom.”[配套练习]Thecoachmadetheplayers______(run)laps.20.helpsb.(to)dosth.[知识点讲解]help后接不定式，to可省略，协助某人做某事，例如“Hehelpedme(to)carrythebox.”[易错题]Shehelpedmecarriedthebooks.[解析]carried改为carry或carryto，遵循语法。[配套练习]Canyouhelpme______(fix)mybike?21.prefer...to...[知识点讲解]preferAtoB，A、B形式需一致，若是动词都用动名词，表“比起B更喜欢A”，如“Ipreferreadingtowriting.”[易错题]Iprefertoreadthanwrite.[解析]改为“Ipreferreadingtowriting.”，规范搭配。[配套练习]Ipreferwatchingmovies______(to/than)readingbooks.22.keep(on)doingsth.[知识点讲解]表示“继续/持续做某事”，强调动作不间断或反复进行，例如“Hekeeps(on)practicingthepiano.”[易错题]Hekeepstotalkinclass.[解析]totalk改为talking，契合搭配。[配套练习]Shekeeps______(study)hardfortheexam.23.spend...(in)doingsth./onsth.[知识点讲解]花时间/金钱做某事，in可省略，后接动名词；on后接名词，如“Ispenttwohours(in)readingthisbook.”8,[易错题]Ispentthreehourstocleanmyroom.[解析]toclean改为cleaning，符合spend用法。[配套练习]Hespentalotofmoney______(buy)anewbike.24.日常问候与回应[知识点讲解]日常问候回复要礼貌规范，“Howareyou?”对应“I'mfine,thankyou.Andyou?”，维持交流礼貌氛围。[易错题]A:Howareyou?B:Justsoso,youknow.[解析]回应稍显随意，换为标准回答更合适，保证交流礼仪。[配套练习]A:Nicetomeetyou.B:______25.请求许可[知识点讲解]用“Couldyouplease...?”礼貌请求，回应有肯定、委婉拒绝模式，肯定用“Sure,I'dbegladto.”，拒绝用“I'msorry,but...”[易错题]A:Couldyoupleasepassthesalt?B:Yes,Icould.[解析]回应生硬，改为恰当表达，契合语境。[配套练习]A:Couldyoulendmeyourbook?B:______26.提建议[易错题]A:I'mbored.B:Whataboutgotothepark?[解析]go改为going，遵循语法。[配套练习]A:Idon'tknowwhattodothisweekend.B:______(用Whynot提建议)[知识点讲解]“Howabout...?”“Whatabout...?”接名词、动名词；“Whynot...?”接动词原形提建议，如“Howaboutgoingforawalk?”“Whynothaveaparty?”27.表达喜好[知识点讲解]用特定句型表喜好，如“Ilike...best”“Myfavorite...is...”，例如“Myfavoritecolorisblue.”[易错题]MymostfavoritesubjectisEnglish.[解析]favorite已有“最”意，删去most。[配套练习]______(What/Which)isyourfavoritesport?28.致歉与回应[知识点讲解]“I'msorry.”回应常用“It'sokay/That'sallright.”表示没关系，体现礼貌态度。[易错题]A:I'msorryforbeinglate.B:Noproblem.[解析]回应稍随意，换更合适表达，凸显礼貌。[配套练习]A:I'msorryIbrokeyourpen.B:______29.句子结构不完整[知识点讲解]完整句子需有主谓结构，缺之则表意不明，写作时常因疏忽遗漏，例如“Runninginthepark.”不是完整句，需补充主语。[易错题]Gotoschoolveryearly.[解析]缺主语，补上“I”等主语，变为“Igotoschoolveryearly.”[配套练习]______(Go/Going)toschoolontimeisimportant.30.词性误用[知识点讲解]形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词、形容词等，要区分使用，如“quick”8,（形）修饰“run”（动）要变“quickly”。[易错题]Herunsveryquick.[解析]quick应改为quickly，遵循修饰规则。[配套练习]Thesingersings______(beautiful/beautifully).31.人称代词与物主代词混淆[知识点讲解]人称代词主格作主语，宾格作宾语，物主代词分形容、名词性，各有其用途，例如“I”主格，“me”宾格，“my”形容性，“mine”名词性。[易错题]Thisismybook.It'sme.[解析]me应是mine，正确表意。[配套练习]______(My/Mine)bagisheavierthanyours.32.单词大小写错误[知识点讲解]在英语书写规范里，句子的首字母必须大写，专有名词也要大写首字母，这包含人名、地名、组织机构名、星期、月份、节日、书籍报刊名、影视歌名等。标题写作时，实词首字母大写，虚词（冠词、介词、连词）通常小写，但位于句首的虚词要大写。[易错题]myfavoritebookisharrypotter.[解析]“HarryPotter”是专有名词，需将首字母大写，应改为“MyfavoritebookisHarryPotter.”。再比如写标题“theadventuresoftomsawyer”，应规范写成“TheAdventuresofTomSawyer”，遵循标题大小写规则。[配套练习]correctthecapitalizationmistakes:iwenttobeijinglastmonthandvisitedthegreatwall.33.中式英语表达[知识点讲解]受汉语思维习惯影响，学生容易写出逐字翻译的中式英语句子。英语有自身的语法规则与表达习惯，像“我非常喜欢它”，不能直译为“Iverylikeit”，而应是“Ilikeitverymuch”。[易错题]Ieverydaygotoschoolbybike.[解析]应调整语序为“Igotoschoolbybikeeveryday.”，要遵循英语中时间状语通常放在句末的习惯，摆脱汉语语序的干扰。[配套练习]He______(usuallyis/isusually)lateforclass.34.时态混乱[知识点讲解]写作要依据事件发生的时间脉络选用合适时态，一旦混淆，句子语义就会含糊不清。比如描述过去发生的事要用一般过去时，阐述习惯、真理要用一般现在时。[易错题]Shetellmeastoryyesterday.[解析]yesterday表明是过去时态，tell要变为过去式told，即“Shetoldmeastoryyesterday.”[配套练习]I______(write)alettertomyfriendlastnight.35.主谓一致错误[知识点讲解]主语的单复数形式必须和谓语动词形式相匹配。复数主语搭配复数谓语动词，单数主语搭配单数谓语动词；特殊结构，如“with”“alongwith”连接的并列主语，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。[易错题]Theboywithhisfriendsplaybasketballeveryday.[解析]主语核心是theboy，为单数，play应改为plays，即“Theboywithhisfriends8,playsbasketballeveryday.”[配套练习]Mymother,togetherwithmysisters,______(go)shoppingonweekends.36.重复累赘[知识点讲解]英语追求简洁性，写作中避免使用多余、重复的词汇或表达。例如“returnback”中，return本身就有“回来”意思，back就多余了。[易错题]Pleaserepeatitagain.[解析]repeat已有“重复”之意，again多余，应删去，改为“Pleaserepeatit.”[配套练习]Youcanconnecttogetherthesetwoparts.（找出并改正重复累赘处）37.比较级和最高级误用[知识点讲解]比较级用于两者之间对比，常搭配than；最高级用于三者及以上的比较，前面要加the。学生容易在比较对象数量不明时，选错形式。[易错题]Thisisthemoreinterestingbookinthestore.[解析]inthestore表示范围不止两本书，要用最高级，改为“Thisisthemostinterestingbookinthestore.”[配套练习]Ofthetwoapples,thisoneis______(big).38.非谓语动词混淆[知识点讲解]动词不定式、动名词、分词都属于非谓语动词，功能各异。不定式常表目的、将来；动名词侧重名词性的动作；现在分词表主动、进行，过去分词表被动、完成，使用场景需分清。[易错题]Toseeisbelieving.[解析]前后形式不一致，应统一为动名词，改为“Seeingisbelieving.”[配套练习]______(Study)hard,youwillpasstheexam.39.冠词误用[知识点讲解]冠词分为不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。a/an用于泛指单个可数事物，a用在辅音音素开头单词前，an用于元音音素开头单词前；the用于特指，或独一无二的事物、上文提到过的事物。[易错题]Ihaveanapple.Appleisred.[解析]第二次提到apple，是特指前面提到的那个，要用the，改为“Ihaveanapple.Theappleisred.”[配套练习]Isaw______(a/the)boyinthepark.Theboywasflyingakite.40.连接词误用[知识点讲解]连接词用来衔接句子、段落，使文章逻辑连贯。and表并列、顺承；but表转折；because表因果等，用错会导致语义不通。[易错题]Ilikereadingbooks,becauseIdon'tlikewatchingTV.[解析]前后语义是转折关系，because应改为but，即“Ilikereadingbooks,butIdon'tlikewatchingTV.”[配套练习]Heisverytired,______(and/but)hestillkeepsworking.41.数字听辨[知识点讲解]听力中数字信息繁多，像日期、时间、价格、电话号码等。要注意十几（-teen）和几十（-ty）的发音区别，以及分数、小数的表达。例如，thirteen和thirty8,发音相近，容易混淆；分数中分子用基数词，分母用序数词，若分子大于1，分母要加s。[易错题]听力原文说“Themeetingwillstartat3:15.”，学生误听成“Themeetingwillstartat3:50.”[解析]“fifteen”尾音是/ˈfɪfˈtiːn/，“fifty”尾音是/ˈfɪfti/，学生可能没仔细区分发音细节。多听多练，熟悉常见数字的读音韵律，可减少这类错误。[配套练习]听一段对话，回答问题：What'sthepriceoftheshirt?A.$19.B.$90.42.同音异形词[知识点讲解]英语里有不少同音异形词，如write和right，hear和here。在听力语境里，仅靠读音无法精准判断词义，要结合上下文来确定。[易错题]听力中提到“Iwillwritetoyousoon.”，学生写成了“Iwillrighttoyousoon.”[解析]right作动词意为“纠正；使恢复正常”，不符合语境，write才是“写信”的意思。平时积累同音异形词，留意其常见搭配与用法，听时联系前后文推测。[配套练习]听句子，选出你听到的单词：A.sonB.sun。句子为：The______shinesbrightlytoday.43.弱读与连读[知识点讲解]英语口语中，为了语流顺畅，会有弱读、连读现象。弱读的词发音轻、短，像冠词、介词、连词；连读则是前一个词尾音与后一个词首音自然衔接，这都会增加听力理解难度。[易错题]听力原文说“putiton”，学生听成了“putton”，没识别出连读。[解析]it的/t/音和on的/ɒn/音连读，听起来像是/ˈpʊttɒn/，熟悉常见连读规则，多听原声材料适应，才能破解难题。[配套练习]听短语，判断是否有连读现象：A.pickupB.comein44.关键词遗漏[知识点讲解]听力内容紧凑，稍不留意就会遗漏关键信息词，如否定词not，转折词but，这些词能彻底改变句子意思。[易错题]听力原文说“Heisnothappywiththeresult.”，学生只听到“Heishappywiththeresult.”[解析]遗漏not，语义全反。要训练专注力，养成边听边标记关键词的习惯，尤其是那些改变语义走向的词。[配套练习]听一段短文，判断句子正误：Themanlikesthenewplan.（原文中有明确提到男人不喜欢新计划）8