高中英语人教版选择性必修一Unit5 Working the Land课本知识分类整理（重点单词拓展 课文词块和短语 教材金句 写作素材 课本词汇）

高中英语选必一Unit5课本知识【重点单词拓展】1.convincevt.使相信;使确信;说服→convincedadj.确信的→convincingadj.令人信服的2.devotevt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于→devotedadj.挚爱的;忠诚的→devotionn.热爱;献身;专心;忠诚3.consumptionn.消耗;消耗量;消费→consumev.消耗;耗费→consumern.消费者4.realityn.现实;实际情况;事实→realadj.真的;现实的→reallyadv.真正地;事实上5.saltyadj.含盐的;咸的→saltn.食盐6.assumptionn.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权利的)获得→assumev.假定;假设7.expandvt.&vi.扩大;增加　vt.扩展;发展(业务)→expansionn.扩大;膨胀8.shortagen.不足;缺少;短缺→shortadj.短的;缺乏的;不足的→shortenv.(使)变短;缩短9.entirelyadv.全部地;完整地;完全地→entireadj.10.extensionn.扩建部分;扩大;电话分机→extendv.使延长;扩大11.depthn.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)→deepadj.深的;纵深的→deeplyadv.非常;深刻地12.povertyn.贫穷;贫困→pooradj.贫穷的→poorlyadv.糟糕地;不适13.chemicaladj.与化学有关的;化学的　n.化学制品;化学品→chemistryn.化学→chemistn.化学家;药剂师14.nutritionn.营养;滋养→nutritionaladj.营养(物)的→nutritiousadj.有营养的;营养丰富的15.conventionaladj.传统的;习惯的→conventionn.惯例;习俗16.intenseadj.热切的;十分强烈的;激烈的→intensityn.增强;加剧;紧张17.digestvt.&vi.消化　vt.领会;领悟→digestionn.消化;消化能力【词块和短语】P49keep...awayfrom使……远离P50conduct/do/carryoutresearch进行研究fulfil/achieve/realizeone’sdream实现某人的梦想carelittleforfame/celebrityorwealth/money不在乎名利worktheland耕种土地devote...to...把.......用于;献身;致力;专心pursueacareerinscienceormedicine从事科学或医学工作tackleacrisis解决危机boostyields提高产量avariety/rangeof各种各样的……attainahigheryield获得较高产量intenseeffort艰苦努力overcomedifficulties克服困难usesthfor(doing)sth用某物(做)某事enablesb/sthtodosth使某人能够做某事;使某事成为可能expand/increaseoutput增加产量Itisestimatedthat...据估算……P51becomprisedof包括;包含;由组成(或构成)giventhat...考虑到;鉴于17,retiretoalifeofleisure退休享受悠闲的生活farfromthecase/farfrombeingthecase远非如此deepdown在内心深处;本质上;实际上makedonationsto向......捐赠succeedindoingsth成功做某事athomeandabroad在国内外openup开辟;打开;直抒胸怀befullofvision满怀憧憬dream/thinkup想出(尤指不同寻常的计划、主意)forinstance例如endwith以......结束cutdown砍倒;减少;缩减apart/asidefrom除…外(尚有);除…外(别无)otherthan除……以外P52replace...with/by用替换commitoneselfto全心全意投入takeon呈现;雇用;接受(工作);承担(责任);reducetheintensestressfromstudying减轻学习的巨大压力afinancialcrisis金融危机generatejobs创造就业岗位protect...from/against保护…不受...(危害)makeuseof/takeadvantageof利用meet/satisfyincreasingconsumptiondemands满足日益增长的消费需求belitwith/by由.....照亮tackle/overcome/solve/settle/resolve/workoutaproblem解决问题adapt/adjustto适应P53remainunanswered仍然没有解答asolutionto……的解决方法complainabout抱怨retirefrom从……退休bedevotedto献身于;专注于makeupone’smindtodosth下定决心/拿定主意做某事P54relateto与……相关;涉及;谈到;理解alleviate/easeworldhunger缓解世界饥饿match...with把……和……相匹配can’taffordtodosth没有足够的钱做某事;承担不起后果raiseawareness提高意识P55have/getthefeeling(that)......感到.....fromsb’spointofview从某人的角度、观点出发fightcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction抵御作物病害、增加产量overtime随着时间流逝;久而久之inturn相应地;转而;依次;轮流asfor至于……;就……而言switchto转换;转向;转变17,focuson/upon集中(注意力、精力等)于freeof/from不受…影响的;不含…的P56putdownroots生根;扎下根servethehighdemandfor满足对…的高需求nowherenear完全没有;远不及meet/satisfyaneed满足需要P57express/give/offer/voiceone’sopinion表达某人的观点P58attaingoodharvests获得好收成soundadvice合理的建议turnover使翻转remaintobeseen有待证实P59separate...from把……与……隔开/分离forsale待售;供出售P60sustainablefarmingmethod可持续的耕作方式haveanimpact/effect/influenceon对...有影响【教材金句】1.Mylifelongpursuitistokeepallthepeopleawayfromhunger.一YuanLongping(P49)我毕生的梦想是让所有人远离饥饿。一袁隆平2.Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodyisjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers,towhomhehasdevotedhislife.(P50)确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。3.However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhasaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.(P50)然而，他最关心的是农民经常面临的粮食歉收，有时甚至会出现严重的食物短缺。4.Deepdown,Yuanisstillverymuchafarmeratheart.Asamanofthesoil,hecareslittleforcelebrityormoney.Instead,hemakeslargedonationstosupportagriculturalresearch.(P51)实际上，袁隆平在内心深处仍然是一位农民。身为土地之子，他不在乎名利，反而捐赠巨资支持农业研究。5.WhatimpressespeoplemostaboutYuanLongpingishisongoingabilitytofulfilhisdreams.(P51)袁隆平给人们印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。6.Hesucceededinproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeopleathomeandabroad.(P51)他成功培育出能够养活国内外更多人口的水稻品种。7.Despitehisadvancedyears,YuanLongpingisstillyoungatheartandfullofvision,andeveryoneiswaitingtoseewhathewilldreamupnext.(P51)虽年事已高，但袁隆平仍然保持年轻的心态，而且满怀憧憬，大家都在期待他创造的下一个奇迹。8.Manyexpertsshareavisionthatthiskindofurbanfarmingcouldhelpnotonlyintacklingtheproblemofpopulationgrowth,butalsoinadaptingtoclimatechange.(P52)许多专家都认为，这种城市农业不仅有助于解决人口增长问题，还有助于适应气候变化。9.Therefore,thereisstillalongwaytofindasuitablesolutionthatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertablewhilekeepingpeopleandtheenvironmentashealthyaspossible.(P56)因此，想要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人类和环境尽可能保持健康，又让人们有足够的食物可吃，这还有很长的路要走。10.Everysinglegrainonyourplateistheresultofhardwork.(P59)谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦。17,11．GiventhatYuan’shybridshavemadehimquitewealthy，onemightthinkhewouldretiretoalifeofleisure.鉴于袁隆平的杂交水稻品种已经让他变得相当富有，有的人可能认为，他会退休过一种休闲的生活。12．Today，itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains，andhisstrainshaveallowedChina’sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。【写作素材】人物描写-读后续写高分微技能1）外貌描写◆优美的身段：agracefulfigure◆匀称的形体：ashapelyfigure◆痩削的身材：askinnyfigure◆细长的身体：aslimfigure◆发育良好的身体：awell-developedfigure◆仪表堂堂：animposing/adashing/ahandsome/astrikingfigure◆(人)形体很好：haveagoodfigure◆改善形体：improveone'sfigure◆看到月光下有一个模糊的人影：seeadarkfigureinthemoonlight◆显露出她优美的身段：showoffherlovelyfigure◆中等身材：anaveragebuild◆身材魅梧的人：awell-builtman1.beoptimisticandambitious乐观并且有抱负2.astrongmindedperson一个意志坚定的人3.lovelyandgood-naturedpersonality温和可爱的个性4.awell-builtman一个身材魁梧的人5.haveagoodfigure体型好6.adarkfigureinthemoonlight月光下有个模糊的人影7.wearshoulder-lengthhair留着齐肩发8.agirlinherearlytwenties一个20岁出头的姑娘9.tieinaponytail扎了个马尾辫10.aweather-wornface一张饱经风霜的脸11.aquietgraciouslady一位娴静有礼的淑女12.anaccomplishedyounglady一位年轻的才女13.beequippedwithakeeninsight具有敏锐的洞察力14.Buthewaskindandconsiderate.但是他善良体贴。15.Herlovelyfacelookedpale.她可爱的面庞看上去苍白。16.Heiswithhighcheek-bonesandasunkennose.他颧骨高耸,鼻梁塌陷。17.OnceIsetagoal,Iwillmakegreateffortstorealizeit.一旦设定了目标,我就会竭尽全力去实现它。18.Hesatinfrontofthem,hisdustyfacemaskinghisage.他坐在他们前面,满面尘埃掩盖了他的年龄。19.Heisamanwithgreatdetermination,ofwhomtheperseveranceisoccasionallyunimaginable.他是一个意志坚强的人,有些时候他的毅力是你没法想象的。20.Herhusbandwassuchakind-heartedandconsideratemanthathehidthetruthforhiswholelife.她丈夫是一个这么善良且体贴的人,以至于把真相隐瞒了一生。2）各种身体出产物的描写17,1.各种"微笑"的常见英语表达法1)快活的微笑abrightsmile2)开朗的微笑abroadsmile3)迷人的微笑acharmingsmile4)奸笑acunningsmile5)幸福的微笑ahappysmile6)令人神往的微笑anengagingsmile7)一丝的微笑afaintsmile8)愉快的微笑apleasantsmile9)满意的微笑apleasedsmile10)不自然的微笑astrainedsmile11)甜蜜的微笑asweetsmile12)苦笑awrysmile13)狞笑agrimsmile14)天真的微笑aninnocentsmile15)和蔼的微笑akindlysmile16)轻蔑的微笑acontemptuoussmile2.各种"嗓音"的常见英语表达法1)清晰的嗓音aclear(ringing)voice2)低沉的嗓音adeepvoice3)响亮的嗓音aloudvoice4)低嗓音alowvoice5)悦耳动听的嗓音apleasantvoice6)尖利刺耳的嗓音ashrillvoice7)温柔的嗓音asoftvoice8)甜美的嗓音asweetvoice9)尖细的嗓音athinvoice10)喑哑的嗓音atonelessvoice11)微弱的嗓音aweakweek(feeble)voice12)高嗓音ahighvoice13)假嗓音afalsettovoice14)美妙的嗓音afinevoice3.各种"步态"的常见英语表达法1)轻盈的步伐alightgait2)沉重的步伐aheavygait3)昂首阔步的步伐aswaggeringgait.4)驼背弯腰的步态astoopinggait5)摇摇摆摆的步态aswayinggait6)一瘸一拐的步态alimpinggait7)缓慢的步态ashufflinggait8)微跛的步态ahaltinggait9)文雅的步态amincinggait.4.各种"身材"的常见英语表达法1)优美的身材gracefulfigure2)瘦削的身材leanfigure3)匀称的身材neatfigure4)丰满的身材plumpfigure5)大腹便便的身材paunchyfigure17,6)细长的身材slenderfigure7)苗条的身材slimfigure8)瘦小的身材slightfigure9)矮壮的身材stockyfigure10)高大的身材stoutfigure11)优美健壮的身材superbfigure12)又胖又圆的身材fullfigure13)笨拙的身材ungainlyfigure5.各种"脸型"的常见英语表达法1)圆圆的脸roundface2)椭圆的脸ovalface3)方脸squareface4)长脸longface5)瘦削的脸thin(lean)face6)胖脸fleshyface7)浮肿的脸puffyface8)憔悴的面容haggardface9)布满皱纹的脸wrinkled(lined)face10)长满粉刺的脸pimpledface11)泪珠布满的脸tear-stainedface12)长满雀斑的脸freckledface13)麻脸pock-markedface14)眉清目秀的脸蛋finely-cutface15)面目端正的脸regularface16)丑脸disfiguredface17)媚人的脸charmingface18)刮得精光的脸clean-shavedface19)黝黑的面孔swarthyface20)晒黑的脸sunburnedface21)秀丽的脸sweetface22)铁板的面孔asternface6.各种"眼睛"的常见英语表达法1)乌黑的眼睛darkeyes2)灰色的眼睛grayeyes3)绿色的眼睛greeneyes4)蔚蓝色的眼睛blueeyes5)深蓝色的眼睛violeteyes6)深棕色的眼睛browneyes7）淡褐色的眼睛hazeleyes8)睁得圆圆的眼睛wide-openeyes9)鼓起来的眼睛bulgingeyes10)深陷的眼睛deep-seteyes11)凹陷的眼睛sunkeneyes12)斜眼cross-eyes13)分开性斜视眼slanteyes14)独眼的one-eyed15)充满血丝的眼睛bloodshoteyes7.各种"睫毛"的常见英语表达法17,1)细细的睫毛thineyelashes2)浓密的睫毛thickeyelashes3)笔直的睫毛straiteyelashes4)短睫毛shorteyelashes5)弯睫毛curvingeyelashes8.各种"眉毛"的常见英语表达法1)浓眉bushyeyebrows2)粗眉shaggyeyebrows3)弓形眉毛archedeyebrows4)描画过的眉毛penciledeyebrows9.各种"鼻子"的常见英语表达法1)鹰钩鼻子anaquiline(hooked)nose2)扁鼻子flatnose3)翘鼻子snubnose4)笔直的鼻子straightnose10.各种"额头"的常见英语表达法1)宽大的额头abroadforehead2)突起的额头adomedforehead3)高高的额头ahighforehead4)宽阔的额头anopenforehead5)窄小的额头anarrowforehead6)后塌的额头aretreatingforehead11.各种"面颊"的常见英语表达法1)红润的双颊rosycheeks2)丰满的双颊chubbycheeks3)苍白的双颊palecheeks4)粉红的双颊pinkcheeks5)红光满面的双颊ruddycheeks6)深陷的双颊hollow(sunken)cheeks7)刮得精光的脸颊clean-shavencheeks8)涂脂抹粉的脸颊rougedcheeks9)胡须满面的双颊stubbycheeks10)布满皱纹的双颊wrinkledcheeks12.各种"下巴"的常见英语表达法1)（胖人的）重下巴adoublechin2)尖尖的下巴apointedchin3)圆圆的下巴aroundchin4)翘起的下巴aprotrudingchin2)身体部位描写1）.有关head的表情描写①　drop/lower/bend/bowone’shead低下头②　nodone’shead低头③　shakeone’shead摇头④　scratchone’shead挠头scratch[skræt]抓；挠⑤　restone’sheadon把头靠在...上面⑥　buryone’shead把头埋起来⑦　clearone’shead清醒一下头脑⑧　feelone’sheadspinning觉得天旋地转spin[spin]旋转;眩晕17,⑨　Headfor/towards朝...走去翻译小练习：1.他羞愧地低下了头。2.他们点头同意。3.她怀疑地摇摇头。4.他挠了挠头，一个字也听不懂。5.她用枕头捂住脑袋。6.她将头靠在他的肩膀上。7.我决定去走走，清醒一下头脑。8.他只喝了一杯就觉得天旋地转。9.他转身朝门口走去参考答案：1.Hedropped/lowered/bent/bowedhisheadinshame.2.Theynoddedtheirheadsinagreement.3.Sheshookherheadindisbelief.4.Hescratchedhishead,notunderstandingaword.5.Sheburiedherheadinthepillow.6.Sherestedherheadonhisshoulder.7.Idecidedtogoforawalktoclearmyhead.8.Hecouldfeelhisheadspinningafteronlyonedrink.9.Heturnedandheadedforthedoor.2.有关face的表情描写1)abrightsmile灿烂的笑容2)one’sfacebrightened某人的脸上焕发出了光彩3)one’sfacegrowserious表情变得严肃4)one’sfacelookedalittleconfused某人看起来有点因惑5)one'sfaceflushed/burnedwithembarrassment.某人的脸窘得满脸通红6)one’sfacepaledwithfright某人的脸吓得都白了7)hadaslightfrownonone’sface某人愁眉不展的样子翻译小练习：1.他的脸上露出了灿烂的笑容。2.我给她礼物时，他的脸上焕发出了光彩。3.他的表情突然严肃起来。4.他看起来有点因惑。5.杰克窘得满脸通红。flush[flʌʃ]脸红6.她吓得脸都白了。7.他的脸上现出有点儿愁眉不展的样子。参考答案：1.Abrightsmileappearedonhisface.2.Herfacelitup/brightened/glowedwhenIgaveherthepresent.3.Hisfacesuddenlygrewserious.4.Hisfacelookedalittleconfused.5.Jack'sfaceflushed/burnedwithembarrassment.6.Herfacepaledwithfright.7.Hehadaslightfrownonhisface.3.有关cheek的表情描写1)one’scheeksburningwithshame某人因为羞愧而感到脸颊发烧2)one’scheeksarewetwithtears某人泪流满面17,3)colorrushed/floodedtoone’scheeks某人涨红了脸4)atearsliddownone’scheek一滴泪顺着某人的脸颊滑落下来5)kissedsbonbothcheeks亲了某人的脸颊翻译小练习:1.他因为羞愧而感到脸颊发烧。2.她泪流满面。3.意识到有人在看她，她顿时涨红了脸。4.一滴泪顺着她的脸颊滑落下来。5.他亲了亲她的脸颊，然后上了火车。参考答案：1.Hefelthischeeksburningwithshame.2.Hercheekswerewetwithtears.3.Colorrushed/floodedtohercheekswhensherealizedshewasbeingwatched.4.Atearsliddownhercheek.5.Hekissedheronbothcheeksandgotonthetrain.4.有关eye的表情描写1)one’seyesarewidewithhorror某人惊恐地瞪大了眼睛2)one’seyesshinewithexcitement某人眼里闪烁着兴奋的光芒3)one’seyesfilledwithtears某人的眼里充满泪水4)one’seyesfallonsomeplace某人的目光落在..5)lookatsbstraightintheeye直视某人的眼睛6)one’seyesfixon......某人的目光紧盯着......7)one’seyesscan......某人的眼睛扫视......8)one’seyesdroppedto......某人垂下眼睛看着......翻译小练习:1.他惊恐地瞪大了眼睛。2.她笑了，眼里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。3.她的眼里充满泪水。4.那条狗饥饿的目光落在我的三明治。fallon/landon...(目光)落在...5.她直视父亲的眼睛，诚实地回答了他的问题。6.他似乎不愿意与我的目光接触。7.她试图坐起来，目光紧盯着琼的脸。8.他一刻不停地盯着我。9.他进屋时眼睛扫视了整个房间。10.他回答时垂下眼睛看着膝盖。参考答案：1.Hiseyeswerewidewithhorror.2.Shelaughed,hereyesshiningwithexcitement.3.Hereyesfilledwithtears.4.Thedog'shungryeyesfellonmysandwich.5.Shelookedatherfatherstraightintheeyeandansweredhisquestiontruthfully.6.Heseemedunwillingtomeetmyeyes.7.Shetriedtositup,hereyesfixedonJean'sface.8.Hiseyesneverleftmine.9.Hiseyesscannedtheroomasheentered.10.Hiseyesdroppedtoherlapassheanswered.5.有关mouth的表情描写关于嘴的动作有：17,1)openone’smouth张开嘴2)hideone’syawn打哈欠3)cupone’smouth扣住某人的嘴4)stuffone’smouthwithsomething用......填满嘴巴形容嘴的状态：5)dropopeninsurprise惊奇地张大了嘴6)startwatering开始流口水7)heartbeinone’smouth紧张得心都到了喉咙眼翻译小练习：1.她张开嘴要说什么,最后什么也没说。2.他捂住嘴偷偷打了个哈欠。3.我们惊奇地张大了嘴。4.闻到食物的香味，我开始流口水了。5.突然一只手扣住了她的嘴。6.他的嘴上挂着一丝笑意。7.他开始往嘴里塞意大利面。stuff[stf]塞满;填塞8.他直起身，目瞪口呆地看着我。9.我走进她的办公室时，紧张得心都到了喉咙眼。参考答案：1.Sheopenedhermouthtosaysomething，butnothing.2.Hecoveredhismouthtohidehisyawn.3.Ourmouthsdroppedopeninsurprise.4.MymouthstartedwateringwhenIsmelledthefood.5.Suddenlyahandcuppedhermouth.6.Asmileplayedaroundhismouth.7.Hebegantostuffhismouthwithpasta.8.Hestraightenedupandlookedatme,open-mouthed.9.MyheartwasinmymouthwhenIwalkedintoheroffice.6.hand1.Shetookthechild'shandandhelpedhimclimbthesteps.她拉住孩子的手牵着他爬上台阶。2.Hereachedforherhandandheldittightly.他伸手抓住她的手并紧紧握住。3.Theywalkedalong,holdinghands.他们手拉手并肩走着。4.Heheldthekeyinhishand.他手里拿着钥匙。5.Hegraspedtheropewithbothhands.他双手抓着绳子。6.Heshookmyhandsasifwewerelonglostfriends.他握住我的手好像我们是失散多年的朋友。7.Shesmiledandholdout/reachoutahandinwelcome.她笑着伸出一只手表示欢迎。8.Sheputherhandstohercheeksinembarrassment.窘迫之中她用双手捂住了脸。9.Severalstudentsraisedtheirhandstoanswerthequestion.几个学生举手回答问题。10.Heslidhishandsintohispockets.他悄悄地将手插进口袋里。11.Sheshruggedandspreadherhands.'That'sallIcantellyou.'她耸耸肩，摊开双手说：“我只能告诉你这么多了。”12.Sheshivered,rubbingherhandstogetherfiercely.她一边颤抖，一边使劲搓着双手。13.Herhandsshook/trembledassheliftedtheglasstoherlips.她的手颤抖着把杯子送到唇边。14.Astronghandreachedoutandcaughtholdofherarm.一只有力的手伸了出来抓住了她的手臂。17,15.Icuppedmyhandoverthephonesotheycouldn'thearme.我用手捂住电话，免得他们听到我的话。16.Hesatwithhisheadinhishands.他双手抱着坐着。17.Theywalkedhandinhandalongthepath.他们手拉手沿着小路走。7.finger1.Theteacherraisedawarningfingerandwestoppedtalking.老师举起一根手指，警告我们停止讲话。2.Shetookoffhisbandageswithgentlefingers.她用她轻柔的手指取下了他的绷带。3.'Itwasthem!'shecried,pointinganaccusingfingerattheboys.“是他们！”她叫到，用手指着那些男孩们。4.Sheraised/heldupafingertoherliptoaskforsilence.她举起手指到嘴边，要我们安静。5.'Noneofthat!'criedtheteacher,wagging/wavingherfinger.“一个都不是！”老师叫到，挥舞着她的手指。6.Idippedmyfingerinthesauceandlickedit.我用手指蘸了一下酱油，并尝了一下。7.Hewasdrumminghisfingersnervously>他紧张地用他的手指轻轻地敲着椅子扶手。8.Hesnappedhisfingersandthewaitercamerunning.他打了个响指，侍者跑了过来。8.arm1.Theyaresuretowelcomeyouwithopenarms.他们一定会张开双臂欢迎你。2.Hewasrunningforward,wavinghisarms.他正向前跑去，挥舞着手臂。3.Hestoodtherewithcrossedarms,lookingangry.他站在那里，双手交叉抱在胸前，看上去很生气。4.Shefoldedherarmsandstaredathim.她双手交叉，盯着他看。5.Heheldout/openedhisarmswithabroadsmile.他咧开嘴，张开了双臂。6.Hereachedoutahandandcaughtholdof/grabbed/took/herarm.他伸出一只手，抓住她的手臂。7.Shemovedclosertoherfatherandtookhisarm.她靠近她父亲，并抓住他的手臂。8.Theywalkedalongarminarm.他们手挽手一起走。9.Heranuptoherandput/threw/hisarmsaroundher.他向她跑去，双手抱着她。10.Hepulledherintohisarmsandkissedher.他把她拉进怀抱，吻了她。11.Shestood,lookingathimwitharmsakimbo.她站立着，双手叉腰。9.shoulder1.Itappedtheman>我拍拍这个人的肩膀，叫他走开。2.WhenIaskedhimwhyhehaddoneit,hejustshruggedhisshoulders.当我问他为什么这么做时，他只是耸耸肩。3.Myshouldersdroppedwithrelief.我的肩膀松弛了下来。4.Thechildsat>这个小孩坐在他父亲的肩膀上看着游行队伍经过。5.Heshoulderedopenthedoor.他用肩膀顶开了门。6.Sheshoulderedherwaythroughthecrowd.他用肩膀在人群中挤出一条路来。7.Helooked(back)overhisshoulder.他回头看。10.heart1.Withaheavy/sinking/brokenheart,shewatchedhimgo.她看着他离去，心很沉重/心碎了。2.Hesetoffwithalightheart.他出发了，心情很轻松。3.Hissadstorytouchedherheart.他的忧伤的故事打动了她。4.Herwordspiercedmyheart.她的话刺痛了我的心。5.Justfollowyourheartandyou'llbehappy.听从你的内心，你才会快乐。6.Finally,hebrokedownintearsandpouredouthisheartto17,her.他忍不住痛哭流涕，向她倾诉了他的心声。7.Relieffilledhisheart.他如释重负。8.Herheartleapedwithjoy.她的心高兴得都要跳出来了。9.MyheartacheswhenIthinkoftheirsorrow.当我想到他们的悲痛时，我的心很痛。10.Inside,hisheartwasslowlybreaking.在内心，他的心在慢慢地碎裂。11.Hesmiledandherheartmelted.他笑了，她的心融化了。12.Herheartisbeatingfast.她的心跳的很快。13.Herheartwaspoundingwithexcitement.她的心激动地砰砰直跳。14.Hisheartthumpedwithfear.她的心因为害怕而砰砰直跳。15.Myheartbegantothumpwildly.我的心开始狂跳起来。16.Herheartseemedtomissabeat.我的心跳仿佛停了一下。17.Thosewordscanmakeyourheartskipabeatandbringtearstoyoureyes.这些话能让你的心停跳一拍，然后让你哭。11.back1.Hebends/huncheshisbackwhenhewalks.当他走路的时候，他弓着背。2.Heyawnedandstretchedhisbackashegotoutofbed.他起床的时候，打了个哈欠，并伸了个懒腰。3.Heleanedhisbackagainstthebar.他斜倚着这根棍子。4.Hesmiledandgavemeaheartyslap/pat>他笑笑，在我背脊上热情地拍了一下。5.Theytiedhishandsbehindhisback.他们把他的双手绑在他的背后。6.Hewascarryingasmallchild>他正背着一个小孩。7.Shewaslying.她正躺在沙发上。8.Hebackedslowlyoutoftheroom.他慢慢地退出了房间。9.Hetookastepforwardandshenervouslybackedaway.他向前走了一步，她紧张地往后退。12.foot1.Hegotshakilytohisfeet.他颤抖地站了起来。2.Shejumpedtoherfeetwhensheheardthenews.当她听到这个消息时，她跳了起来。3.Shewastapping/stampingherfeetimpatiently.她不耐烦地跺着脚，来回走动。4.Shedraggedherfeetasshereluctantlyfollowedherparents.她不情愿地跟在父母后面，拖着脚步。5.MyfeetslippedasIwasabouttoshootandImissedtheball.我脚下滑了一下当我正要射门的时候，一脚踢空。6.Theycarriedhimoutoftheroomwithhisfeetkicking.他们把他拖出房间，他的脚在空中乱踢。7.Heshiveredashisfeettouchedthecoldfloor.当他的脚一碰到冰冷的地板时，他哆嗦了一下。8.HelikestoputhisfeetupandwatchTVwhenhegetshome.当他回家的时候，他喜欢搁着脚看电视。13.knee1.Suddenlyherkneesbuckled/weakenedandshefelltothefloor.突然，她双膝一软，跪倒在地。2.Hehuggedhiskneestokeepwarm.他抱膝取暖。3.Hewent/gotdown>他双膝跪地，祈求原谅。4.Shesat>她坐在她爸爸的膝盖上，她爸爸给她读故事的时候。5.Hewas>他跪在地上，寻找着丢失的戒指。14.leg1.Shecrossedthefinishline>她用她那疲惫的双腿穿过了终点线。17,2.Herosetohisfeet>他双腿颤抖地站了起来。3.ImovedthechairawayfromthetablesoIcouldcrossmylegs.我把椅子从桌子那里移开，这样我就可以交叉我的双腿了。【必背语法】Grammar主语从句一、主语从句的基本用法1．主语从句的引导词[观察例句]ThatyouarecomingtoLondonisthebestnewsIhaveheardthislongtime.你将要来伦敦是这么长时间以来我听到的最好的消息。Whetheritwilldousharmremainstobeseen.它是否对我们有害还有待观察。WhatIhaveseentodayhasmadeaverydeepimpressiononme.今天我的所见所闻给我留下了非常深刻的印象。Whoeverbreaksthislawdeservesafine.触犯本法者应予以罚款。Whichever(ofyou)comesinfirstwillreceiveaprize.(你们中)谁先进来谁就会得奖。Whenwewillhaveameetingisanimportantquestion.我们何时举行一次会议是个重要的问题。Whereweshalldothetestisstillunderdiscussion.我们在什么地方做这个测试还在讨论中。[归纳用法]类别例词说明从属连词that,whether两者在从句中均不作成分，只起连接作用；that无实义，whether表示“是否”。连接代词who,what,which,whoever,whatever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。连接副词when,where,how,why等在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等成分。[名师点津]主语从句中连接词的选择技巧(1)根据连接词在从句中所作的语法成分。(2)根据连接词在从句中的意义。[即学即练1]——用whether,that,whoever填空①shebecameanartistmayhavebeenduetoherfather'sinfluence.②wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.③Everyyear,makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.【答案】1.That2.Whether3.whoever2．it作形式主语[观察例句]It'spossiblethathehasbeentoBeijing.他有可能去过北京。It'sapitythatyoudidn'tattendthemeeting.你没参加这次会议太可惜了。Itseemsthatitisgoingtorain.看起来好像要下雨。Itisimportantthatheshouldknowaboutthis.他应该知道此事是重要的。Itissuggestedthatthemeetingbeputoff.有人建议会议延期召开。[归纳用法]为保持句子平衡，常把主语从句后置，而用形式主语it代替。it作形式主语时常用于以下句型：17,句型说明It＋系动词＋形容词＋主语从句常用于此句型的形容词有important,(un)likely，possible,necessary,natural,wrong等。It＋系动词＋名词＋主语从句常用于此句型的名词有fact，idea，honour，question，pity等。It＋系动词＋过去分词＋主语从句常用于此句型的过去分词，有known，proved，said，decided，suggested，thought等。It＋不及物动词＋主语从句常用于此句型的动词有appear，happen，seem，occur，matter等。[名师点津](1)在“It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为suggested/ordered/required/advised等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should)do”。(2)在“It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句”结构中，若形容词为important/necessary/strange等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should)do”。[即学即练2]——完成句子①很可惜你不能来参加我的生日聚会。thatyoucan'tattendmybirthdayparty.②有人建议这位老人到乡村休息一下。thattheoldmanshouldgotothecountrysidetohavearest.③在我看来你好像不赞成这个计划。thatyoudisagreewiththeplan.【答案】1.It'sapity2.It'ssuggested3.Itseemstome二、主语从句中应注意的问题1．从句要用陈述语序Howhesucceededisstillapuzzle.他是如何成功的仍然是个谜。2．主谓一致(1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。Wherehewillgetajobaftergraduationhaspuzzledhimmuch.毕业后到哪儿找一份工作使他很困惑。[名师点津]what引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。Whattheschoolneedsmostarebooks.这所学校最需要的是书。(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。Whentheywillstartandwheretheywillgohavenotbeendecidedyet.他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。Whenandwheretheywillholdthemeetingisnotclear.他们何时何地召开会议还不清楚。[即学即练3]——单句语法填空①Whenwewillsetoff(be)stillunderdiscussion.②Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheld(have)notbeendecided.【答案】1.is2.hasⅠ.单句语法填空1．Itisoftenthecaseanythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.2．Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.youcandohelps.3．LiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon'tacceptit.17,4．weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.5．ExactlythepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.6．thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.7．Ithinkimpressesmeabouthispaintingisthecoloursheuses.8．Somepeoplebelievehashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.9．makesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.10．yousaidatthemeetingdescribesabrightfutureforthecompany.【答案】1.that2.Whatever3.Where4.How5.when6.When7.what8.what9.What10.What【单元词汇】1.hybrid[ˈhaɪbrɪd]:n.杂交植(动)物;合成物;混合动力车2.devote[dɪˈvəʊt]:vt.把…献(给);把…专用于;专心于3.devote...to...:把…用于;献身;致力;专心devoteoneself/时间/精力等to名/代/doing…:专心于;献身于;把...用于...bedevotedto名词/doing…:致力于…;专心于…;被用在什么上4.shortage[ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ]:n.不足;缺少;短缺beshortof...:缺少5.tackle[ˈtækl]:vt.解决(难题);应付(局面);处理solve[sɒlv]:v.解决;处理;解答settle[ˈsetl]:v.解决;结束address:v.设法解决;处理dealwith:处理;解决(常与how连用)6.crisis[ˈkraɪsɪs]:n.危机;危急关头(复数:crises[ˈkraɪsi:z])apolitical/financialcrisis:政治/金融危机aneconomiccrisis:经济危机7.boost[buːst]:vt.使增长;使兴旺n.增长;提高;激励reduce/decrease/decline/fall/drop:v.减少/下降(by/to)increase/rise:v.增加/上升(by/to)8.yield[jiːld]:n.产量;产出vt.出产(作物);产生(收益、效益等)vi.屈服;让步9.convince[kənˈvɪns]:vt.使相信;使确信;说服beconvincedof…:相信convincesbtodo...:说服某人做什么10.characteristic[ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk]:n.特征;特点;品质adj.典型的;独特的11.attain[əˈteɪn]:vt.(通常经过努力)获得;得到;达到(某年龄、水平、状况)12.conventional[kənˈvenʃənl]:adj.传统的;习惯的13.pollinate[ˈpɒləneɪt]:vt.授粉;传粉14.assumption[əˈsʌmpʃn]:n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权利的)获得15.intense[ɪnˈtens]:adj.热切的;十分强烈的;激烈的16.overcome[ˌəʊvəˈkʌm](overcame,overcome):vt.克服;解决;战胜getover:克服;解决;战胜17.expand[ɪkˈspænd]:v.扩大;增加;扩展;发展(业务)18.output[ˈaʊtpʊt]:n.产量;输出;输出量vt.(output,output)输出19.estimate[ˈestɪmət]:vt./n.估计;估价;估算20.domestic[dəˈmestɪk]:adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的17,domesticaffairs/politics/flight/market/reform:国内事务/政治/航班/市场/改革21.consumption[kənˈsʌmpʃn]:n.消耗;消耗量;消费22.comprise[kəmˈpraɪz]:vt.包括;包含;由…组成23.becomprisedof...:包括;包含;由…组成(或构成)consistofsb/sth/doing...:由…组成/构成bemadeupofsb/sth:由…组成/构成becomposedof...:由…组成/构成24.generate[ˈdʒenəreɪt]:vt.产生;引起generate/produce/makeelectricity:发电generatepower:发电25.strain[streɪn]:n.(动、植物的)系;品种;拉伤;压力understrain/pressure/stress:在压力下putastrainon...:给某人增加压力/负担26.leisure[ˈleʒə(r)]:n.闲暇;休闲;空闲atleisure:闲散;悠闲;不慌不忙;从容atone’sleisure:有空时;空闲时;方便时27.deepdown:在内心深处;本质上;实际上asamatteroffact=infact/effect：实际/事实上28.soil[sɔɪl]:n.泥土;土壤;国土;领土29.celebrity[səˈlebrəti]:n.名望;名誉;名人;名流30.envision[ɪnˈvɪʒn]:vt.展望;想象envision/imaginedoing...:想象做什么31.sorghum[ˈsɔːɡəm]:n.高粱;高粱米32.broom[bruːm]:n.扫把;扫帚;金雀花33.grain[ɡreɪn]:n.谷物;谷粒;颗粒agrainofwheat/rice/sand:一粒小麦/大米/沙子34.vision[ˈvɪʒn]:n.想象;视力;视野;影像havegood/perfect/poor/normalvision:视力好/极好/差/正常35.reality[riˈæləti]:n.现实;实际情况;事实becomeareality:成为现实inreality:事实上36.salty[ˈsɔːlti]:adj.含盐的;咸的37.urban[ˈɜːbən]:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的38.bomb[bɒm]:n.炸弹v.轰炸;对…投炸弹atimebomb:定时炸弹setoffabomb:引爆炸弹gooff=explode=blowup:爆炸39.tunnel[ˈtʌnl]:n.地下通道;地道;隧道driveatunnel:开凿隧道40.extension[ɪkˈstenʃn]:n.扩建部分;扩大;电话分机41.chemical[ˈkemɪkl]:n.化学制品;化学品adj.与化学有关的;化学的42.wheat[wiːt]:n.小麦;小麦籽43.flavor[ˈfleɪvə]:n.味道;特点;特色44.fertiliser/fertilizer[ˈfɜːtəlaɪzə(r)]:n.肥料artificial/chemical/organicfertilizer:人工/化学/有机肥料45.nutritional[njuˈtrɪʃənl]:adj.营养(物)的46.nutritious[njuˈtrɪʃəs]:adj.有营养的;营养丰富的47.nutrition[njuˈtrɪʃn]:n.营养;滋养17,48.alleviate[əˈliːvieɪt]:vt.减轻;缓解49.poverty[ˈpɒvəti]:n.贫穷;贫困liveinpoverty:生活在贫困中(below/above)thepovertyline:贫困线(下/上)50.organic[ɔːˈɡænɪk]:adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的51.pesticide[ˈpestɪsaɪd]:n.杀虫剂;除害药物52.widespread[ˈwaɪdspred]:adj.分布广的;普遍的;广泛的53.bacterium[bækˈtɪərɪəm]:n.细菌(复数：bacteria[bækˈtɪəriə])54.inturn:相应地;转而;依次;轮流inreturnfor…:回报55.digest[daɪˈdʒest]:vt./vi.消化;领会;领悟[ˈdaɪdʒest]:n.摘要;文摘56.essential[ɪˈsenʃl]:adj.完全必要的;极其重要的57.mineral[ˈmɪnərəl]:n.矿物;矿物质58.alternative[ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv]:n.可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的;非传统的havenoalternative/choice/optionbuttodo...:除了做什么外别无选择;只好做什么59.grocery[ˈɡrəʊsəri]:n.食品杂货店;(复数)食品杂货60.instance[ˈɪnstəns]:n.例子;实例;事例61.forinstance:例如;比如inthefirstinstance/place:第一;首先forexample:例如;比如suchas:例如;比如like:prep.诸如;比如像take…forexample=take…asanexample:以…为例62.depth[depθ]:n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)63.root[ruːt]:n.根;根茎;根部;根源64.entirely[ɪnˈtaɪəli]:adv.全部地;完整地;完全地65.aspect[ˈæspekt]:n.方面;层面inthis/thataspect/respect:在这/那方面inthis/thatway:用这/那种方法;这样/那样66.Vietnam[ˌvjetˈnæm]:越南(国家名)67.LED(light-emittingdiode):abbr.发光二极管68.DDT:n.滴滴涕(旧时尤用作农业杀虫剂)17