内蒙古赤峰市第二中学2023-2024学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题（Word版附解析）

赤峰二中2021级高三上学期第二次月考英语试题第Ⅰ卷第一部分：基础知识(共20小题，每题1.5分满分30分)1.ChineseTVdramashavegainedincreasing________(popular)amongviewersinGhana.(用所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】popularity【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：中国电视剧在加纳观众中越来越受欢迎。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语使用名词，形容词popular的名词为：popularity，故填popularity。2.Toensurea________(benefit)andethicalfuturewithAI,itiscrucialtoaddresstheseconcerns.(用所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】beneficial【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：为了确保人工智能有一个有益的、合乎道德的未来，解决这些问题至关重要。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词和and后ethical为并列关系，在本句中作定语，修饰名词future。故填beneficial。3.Additionally,therearespaces________(specific)designedforfamiliesvisitingthehospital.(用所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】specifically【解析】【详解】考查副词。句意：此外，还有专门为访问医院的家庭设计的空间。分析句子结构，空白处用副词作状语修饰designed，故填specifically。4.Guests_____(panic)andscreamedwhenthebombexploded.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】panicked【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：炸弹爆炸时，客人们惊慌失措，尖叫起来。分析句子可知，when引导时间状语从句，主句空格处与screamed均为动词过去式作句子的谓语，panic对应的动词过去式为panicked。故填：panicked。5.Childrenwillaskallkindsofquestions.Tomeettheir________(curious),we’dbetteranswerthem.(用所给词的 适当形式填空)【答案】curiosity【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：孩子们会问各种各样的问题。为了满足他们的好奇心，我们最好回答他们。分析句子可知，形容词性物主代词后应填名词，curiosity表“好奇心”，为不可数名词，在本句中作宾语。故填curiosity。6.Inaddition,itsuseoffiberconcreteisunique,whichstrengthenstheearthquake________(resist).(用所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】resistance【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：此外，其使用的纤维混凝土具有独特性，增强了抗震性能。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作宾语，earthquakeresistance表“抗震性”，resistance意为“抵抗，抗力”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填resistance。7.Thiscan________(deep)theirknowledgeaboutthehistoryofthemoonandthesolarsystem.(用所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】deepen【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：这可以加深他们对月球和太阳系历史的了解。根据空前的can可知，空处应用动词原形。deep的动词形式是deepen，意为“增长（知识），加深（理解）”，为及物动词。故填deepen。8.Thisalsoreflectedthegender________(balance)inuseofemojisingeneralandtheSimejikeyboardinparticular.(用所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】imbalance【解析】【详解】考查名词，句意：这也反映了表情符号，尤其是Simeji键盘使用中的性别失衡。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作宾语，再由句意可知，应填imbalance，表“不平衡”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填imbalance。9.Tomneverlefthisparents,sohedidn’tgetusedtodealingwitheverythinginschool________.(depend)(用所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】independently【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：汤姆从未离开过父母，所以他不习惯独立处理学校里的一切。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语，修饰前面动词，independently表“独立地”，符合句意。故填independently。10.Thesunstartedtorise,sothestarsbecame________(visible)onebyone.（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】invisible【解析】【详解】考查形容词。太阳开始上升，因此星星一个一个变得看不见了。系动词become后跟形容词作表语，根据英文提示visible“可见的”和生活常识可知，此处表示相反含义，反义词invisible，故填invisible。11.Frisbeeisanentertainingand________(compete)sportthatoriginatedintheUS.(用所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】competitive【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：飞盘是一项娱乐和竞技运动，起源于美国。此处修饰后文名词sport，应用形容词competitive，作定语。故填competitive。12.Anewmusicformemerged,calledtriphop,a________(mix)ofjazz,hiphopandelectronicmusic.(用所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】mixture【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：一种新的音乐形式出现了，叫做trip-hop，它融合了爵士乐、嘻哈音乐和电子音乐。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作同位语，根据空白处前面的不定冠词a可判断出空白处应填名词，动词mix的名词形式为：mixture，故填mixture。13.Hespenttwonightsunderclose________(observe)inhospital.(用所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】observation【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：他在医院接受了两个晚上的密切观察。分析句子可知，此空应填名词和前面介词构成介词短语，underobservation表“在观察中”，为固定搭配。故填observation。14.Hedevotedhimselfto________(science)researchonhowtoimprovetheproductivityoffarming.(用所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】scientific【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：他致力于如何提高农业生产力的科学研究。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语表示属性，使用形容词，名词science的形容词为：scientific，故填scientific。15.Peoplehavefinallyrealizedthatitistheir________(responsible)toprotectthisgreatriver.( 用所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】responsibility【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：人们终于意识到保护这条大河是他们的责任。此处作表语，应填名词responsibility，此处特指保护这条大河的责任，应用单数。故填responsibility。16.Someuniversitystudentscarriedoutacampaign________theyspenttheirwholedaywithoutcellphones.（用适当的词填空）【答案】where【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一些大学生开展一项活动，在活动中，他们度过一整天而不使用手机。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为campaign，关系词将先行词代入定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该定语从句。故填where。17.Whetherwecanhavecleandrinkingwaterliesin________effectivemeasureswillbetakenbythegovernmentaboutwaterpollution.(用适当的词填空)【答案】what【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我们能否拥有清洁的饮用水取决于政府将采取什么有效措施来解决水污染问题。分析句子可知，这里考查宾语从句，且由句意可知，这里表示“用什么有效的措施”，所以用what来引导宾语从句。故填what。18.Thefatherandhissongotlostinthemountainandtheyhadtoeat________foodtheycouldfindthere.(用适当的词填空)【答案】whatever【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：父亲和儿子在山上迷路了，他们不得不吃他们在那里能找到的任何食物。分析句子结构，这是一个包含宾语从句的复合句，空白处在句子中作定语表示内容，使用what连接宾语从句，根据上文“theyhadtoeat(他们不得不吃……)”以及下文“theycouldfindthere(他们在那里能找到的)”可推理出，空白处应填表达“无论什么”含义的连词，whatever含义为“无论什么”，符合句意，故填whatever。19.Thisshouldserveasawarning________peopleshouldbeawareoftheirsurroundings,especiallywhencrossingroads.（用适当的词填空）【答案】that 【解析】【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：这应该当作一种警告，人们应该意识到周围的环境，特别是穿过马路的时候。此处引导同位语从句，从句句意完整、成分齐全，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。20.________theywereintruthsisterswasclearfromthefacialsimilaritybetweenthem.(用适当的词填空)【答案】That【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：从他们的面部相似性就可以清楚地看出他们实际上是姐妹。分析句子结构，这是一个包含主语从句的复合句，因空白处在主语从句中不作成分，且主语从句句意完整，使用that引导主语从句，故填That。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，20小题，满分40分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑AFuturehometechnologiesyoushouldknowinadvanceHerearesomeofthefuturehometechnologiesthateveryoneshouldknowabout.AutomatedRobotsArobotmadebyscientistsinGermanydoesmorethancleanthefloor.Theone-armed,three-fingereddevicecanpickupitems,tidyup,runvariousmachinesandevenservedrinkstoguests.LightingControlsTurningonalightfromawallswitchisoutofdatenow.Lightscannowbecontrolledfrommobileequipment,touchscreensoranautomatedsystem.NEST,asmartthermostat(恒温器)producedbyGoogle,canevenbeprogrammedtoturnonlightsinyourhomeandcooltheairinsideatvarioustimesofthedayornight.PowerTrackingorEnergyEfficientTechThinkofanenergysystemthatcantellyouwhenyouneedtogooveryourpowerbudget(预算)forthemonth.TheTotalHomeEnergyManagementprogramcreatedbyanAmericancompanydoesjustthat.Ittracksahome’senergyuseandrelevantcosts.Itcanevenanalyzedevicesinthehomeandtellownerswhentheyneedtobeupgradedtomoreenergy-efficientones.Besides,itcanconstantlyaddnewfunctionsandbecomeamoreuseful system.SmartToiletsTherearetoiletsinJapanthatwillperformananalysisafterpeopledotheirbusiness,andtheninformthemwhethertheyhavediabetes(糖尿病)orareatriskofit.Toiletsmaysoonbeabletotellthatsomeonehascoloncancer(结肠癌).21.Whatcantherobotdoforitsowner?A.Repairmachines.B.Cleanthehouse.C.Cooltheairinside.D.Payelectricitybills.22.WhatdoNESTandTotalHomeEnergyManagementhaveincommon?A.Theybothareenergy-efficient.B.Theybothcancontrolthelights.C.TheybotharecreatedintheUSA.D.Theybothcanupgradeautomatically.23.Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofthesmarttoilets?A.Diseaseexaminationfunction.B.Touchscreencontrolling.C.Energy-savingperformance.D.Intelligentheatedseating.【答案】21.B22.C23.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四项即将服务于家庭的智能家居技术。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据AutomatedRobots部分中“Theone-armed,three-fingereddevicecanpickupitems,tidyup,runvariousmachinesandevenservedrinkstoguests.(这个单臂三指的设备可以捡东西、整理、运行各种机器，甚至为客人提供饮料。)”可知，这个机器人可以打扫屋子。故选B项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据LightingControls部分中“NEST,asmartthermostat(恒温器)producedbyGoogle,canevenbeprogrammedtoturnonlightsinyourhomeandcooltheairinsideatvarioustimesofthedayornight.(谷歌生产的智能恒温器NEST甚至可以通过编程，在白天或晚上的不同时间打开家中的灯，冷却室内的空气。)”以及PowerTrackingorEnergyEfficientTech部分中“TheTotalHomeEnergyManagementprogramcreatedbyanAmericancompanydoesjustthat.(一家美国公司创建的家庭能源管理项目就是这样做的。)”可知，两种产品都是美国公司创造的。故选C项。 【23题详解】细节理解题。根据SmartToilets部分“TherearetoiletsinJapanthatwillperformananalysisafterpeopledotheirbusiness,andtheninformthemwhethertheyhavediabetes(糖尿病)orareatriskofit.Toiletsmaysoonbeabletotellthatsomeonehascoloncancer(结肠癌).(在日本，有些马桶会在人们上厕所后进行分析，然后告知他们是否患有糖尿病，或者是否有患糖尿病风险。马桶可能很快就能判断某人是否患有结肠癌了。)”可知，疾病检测功能是这种马桶的一个特点。故选A项。BAccordingtoastudyconductedbyUKscientists,thereissomethingknownas“plantblindness”.Thisleadstothecommonmisconceptionthatplantsseemtobe“lessalive”ascomparedtoanimals.Plantblindnesswasnotproventobewhatpeoplewerebornwith;rather,theseverelyreducedcontactwithnatureinurbanizedsocietiesappearedtobetheproblem’sroot.Accordingtotheresearch,adeclineinrelevantprior(先前的)experiencewithplantscausesthecycleofinattention.Urbancivilizationsdisplaywell-documentedplantblindness.Kidsarefoundtofrequentlythinkofplantsaslesssuperiortoanimals,especiallywhenthey’reyoung,andstruggletorecognizeawidevarietyofspecies.Bothteachersandstudentsreportedhavingdifferentlevelsofplantknowledge,especiallyprimaryteacherswithoutasciencedegree.Olderpeoplearemoreknowledgeableaboutplantsbecausetheyaremorelikelytoappreciateoutdooractivities.35studiesconcludedthaturbanizationormodernizationhadadetrimentaleffectonplantknowledge.Theusefulnessofplantgatheringwasdecreasedbyagreaterdependencyonurbanservicesandacasheconomy.Theamountoftimeavailabletospendoutdoorswasreducedbyworkandschool.Thesefactorsalsodecreasedfamilytime,whichhadanegativeeffectonverballypassingdownplantknowledgetoyoungerandolderrelatives.Staggsaidthatinsteadofacognitive(认知的)barriertothevisualperceptionofplants,peoplewholiveinhighlyindustrializedcountrieshavealackofplantattentioncausedbyadeclineinrelevantexposuretoplants.Staggpointedouttobreakthecycleofplantawareness,peoplemustbeexposedtobiodiverseenvironmentsandthekeyistoshowthattherearesomedirectadvantagesofplantstopeopleasopposedtoindirectadvantagesstemmingfromtheiruseinindustryoradvantagestodistant,traditionalsocieties.Experienceswithedibleandpracticalplantsinlocalenvironmentscanhelpwiththis.Youngergenerations’levelofbotanicalknowledgeisdirectlycorrelatedwithhowusefultheythinkthisknowledgeistothem.24.Whatcauses“plantblindness”?A.Theplantshavelittleattraction.B.Peoplelackcontactwithplants. CTheplantshaveinactivecharacters.D.Peopleliveanunhealthylifestyle.25.Whoaremostlikelytohave“plantblindness”?A.Teenagersinterestedinanimals.B.Expertsdevotedtoagriculture.C.Studentsmajoringinbiology.D.Farmersworkinginthefield.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“detrimental”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Encouraging.B.Harmful.C.Joyful.D.Temporary.27.WhichstatementmightStaggagreewith?A.“Plantblindness”canbetreatedorreduced.B.“Plantblindness”isbadforsocialdevelopment.C.“Plantblindness”issomethingpeoplearebornwith.D.“Plantblindness”happensmostinlessdevelopedcountries.【答案】24.B25.A26.B27.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种被称为“植物盲症”的现象，这种现象是由于缺乏对当地植物的理解和欣赏，是人们与植物接触时间不足的结果。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Plantblindnesswasnotproventobewhatpeoplewerebornwith;rather,theseverelyreducedcontactwithnatureinurbanizedsocietiesappearedtobetheproblem’sroot.Accordingtotheresearch,adeclineinrelevantprior(先前的)experiencewithplantscausesthecycleofinattention.(植物盲症并没有被证明是人类与生俱来的；相反，城市化社会中与自然接触的严重减少似乎是问题的根源。根据这项研究，与植物相关的先验经验的减少会导致不关注的循环)”可知，人们缺乏与植物的接触导致了“植物盲症”。故选B。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Urbancivilizationsdisplaywell-documentedplantblindness.Kidsarefoundtofrequentlythinkofplantsaslesssuperiortoanimals,especiallywhenthey’reyoung,andstruggletorecognizeawidevarietyofspecies.Bothteachersandstudentsreportedhavingdifferentlevelsofplantknowledge,especiallyprimaryteacherswithoutasciencedegree.Olderpeoplearemoreknowledgeableaboutplantsbecausetheyaremorelikelytoappreciateoutdooractivities.(城市文明表现出有充分证据的植物盲目性。研究发现，孩子们经常认为植物不如动物高级，尤其是当他们还小的时候，他们很难识别各种各样的物种。教师和学生报告的 植物知识水平不同，特别是没有科学学位的小学教师。老年人对植物的了解更多，因为他们更喜欢户外活动)”可知，对动物感兴趣的青少年最有可能患上“植物盲症”。故选A。【26题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Theusefulnessofplantgatheringwasdecreasedbyagreaterdependencyonurbanservicesandacasheconomy.Theamountoftimeavailabletospendoutdoorswasreducedbyworkandschool.Thesefactorsalsodecreasedfamilytime,whichhadanegativeeffectonverballypassingdownplantknowledgetoyoungerandolderrelatives.(由于更依赖城市服务和现金经济，植物采集的有用性降低了。由于工作和学校的原因，户外活动的时间减少了。这些因素还减少了家庭时间，这对口头将植物知识传递给年轻和年长的亲属产生了负面影响)”可知，本段主要说明了户外活动减少影响了人们之间知识的口头传递，即城市化或现代化对植物知识有不利影响。故划线词意思是“有害的，不利的”。故选B。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Staggpointedouttobreakthecycleofplantawareness,peoplemustbeexposedtobiodiverseenvironmentsandthekeyistoshowthattherearesomedirectadvantagesofplantstopeopleasopposedtoindirectadvantagesstemmingfromtheiruseinindustryoradvantagestodistant,traditionalsocieties.(Stagg指出，要打破植物意识的循环，人们必须接触到生物多样性的环境，关键是要表明植物对人们有一些直接的好处，而不是由于它们在工业上的使用而产生的间接好处或对遥远的传统社会的好处)”可推知，Stagg认为“植物盲症”可以治疗或减少。故选A。CResearchersinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA)havediscoveredamajordifferenceinthewaymenandwomenrespondtostress.Thisdifferencemayexplainwhymenaremorelikelytosufferfromstressrelateddisorders.Untilnow,psychologicalresearchhasmaintainedthatbothmenandwomenhavethesame“fightorflight”reactiontostress.Inotherwords,individualseitherreactwithaggressivebehavior,suchasverbalorphysicalconflict(“fight”),ortheyreactbywithdrawingfromthestressfulsituation(“flight”).However,theUCLAresearchteamfoundthatmenandwomenhavequitedifferentbiologicalandbehavioralresponsestostress.Whilemenoftenreacttostressinthefightorflightresponse,womenoftenhaveanotherkindofreactionwhichcouldbecalled“tendandbefriend.”Thatis,theyoftenreacttostressfulconditionsbyprotectingandnurturingtheiryoung(“tend”),andbylookingforsocialcontactandsupportfromothers—especiallyotherfemales(“befriend”).Scientistshavelongknownthatinthefightorflightreactiontostress,animportantroleisplayedbycertainhormones(激素)releasedbythebody.TheUCLAresearchteamsuggeststhatthefemaletendorbefriendresponseisalsobasedonahormone.Thishormone,calledoxytocin,hasbeenstudiedinthecontextofchildbirth,butnowitis beingstudiedforitsroleintheresponseofbothmenandwomentostress.Theprincipalinvestigator,Dr.ShelleyE.Taylor,explainedthat“animalsandpeoplewithhighlevelsofoxytocinarecalmer,morerelaxed,moresocial,andlessanxious.”Whilemenalsosecrete(分泌)oxytocin,itseffectsarereducedbymalehormones.Intermsofeverydaybehavior,theUCLAstudyfoundthatwomenarefarmorelikelythanmentoseeksocialcontactwhentheyarefeelingstressed.Theymayphonerelativesorfriends,oraskdirectionsiftheyarelost.Thestudyalsoshowedhowfathersandmothersrespondeddifferentlywhentheycamehometotheirfamilyafterastressfuldayatwork.Thetypicalfatherwantedtobeleftalonetoenjoysomepeaceandquiet.Foratypicalmother,copingwithabaddayatworkmeantfocusingherattentiononherchildrenandtheirneeds.Thedifferencesinrespondingtostressmayexplainthefactthatwomenhavelowerfrequencyofstressrelateddisorderssuchashighbloodpressureoraggressivebehavior.Thetendandbefriendregulatory(调节的)systemmayprotectwomenagainststress,andthismayexplainwhywomenonaveragelivelongerthanmen.28.TheUCLAstudyshowsthatinresponsetostressmenaremorelikelythanwomento______.A.turntofriendsforhelpB.solveaconflictcalmlyC.findanescapefromrealityD.seekcomfortfromchildren29.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutoxytocinaccordingtothepassage?A.Menhavethesamelevelofoxytocinaswomendo.B.Oxytocinusedtobestudiedinbothmenandwomen.C.Bothanimalsandpeoplehavehighlevelsofoxytocin.D.Oxytocinhasmoreofaneffectonwomenthanonmen.30.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Malehormoneshelpbuildupthebody’sresistancetostress.B.Inafamilyamothercaresmoreaboutchildrenthanafatherdoes.C.Biologicaldifferencesleadtodifferentbehavioralresponsestostress.D.TheUCLAstudywasdesignedtoconfirmpreviousresearchfindings.31.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowmenandwomengetoverstressB.HowmenandwomensufferfromstressCHowresearchersovercomestressproblems D.Howresearchershandlestressrelateddisorders【答案】28.C29.D30.C31.A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述关于男女对压力不同反应的研究。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Whilemenoftenreacttostressinthefightorflightresponse,womenoftenhaveanotherkindofreactionwhichcouldbecalled“tendandbefriend.””(男性对压力的反应通常是“战斗或逃跑”，而女性通常有另一种反应，这种反应可以被称为“照顾和结盟”。)可知，在面对压力时，男人们更可能会做出逃跑的反应。故选C。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Whilemenalsosecrete（分泌）oxytocin,itseffectsarereducedbymalehormones.”(虽然男人也会分泌催产素，但它的作用会被男性荷尔蒙所削弱。)可知，Oxytocin的作用会被男性荷尔蒙所削弱，所以，相对比来说，它对女性的作用更大。故选D。【30题详解】推理判断题。“animalsandpeoplewithhighlevelsofoxytocinarecalmer,morerelaxed,moresocial,andlessanxious.”(有高水平催产素的动物和人更冷静，更放松，更易社交，更少焦虑。)可知，生物学上的差异导致了对压力的不同行为反应。故选C。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“ResearchersinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA)havediscoveredamajordifferenceinthewaymenandwomenrespondtostress.Thisdifferencemayexplainwhymenaremorelikelytosufferfromstressrelateddisorders.”(加州大学洛杉矶分校心理学系的研究人员发现，男性和女性对压力的反应存在很大差异。这种差异可以解释为什么男性更容易患上与压力有关的疾病。)可知，这篇文章主要讲述男女因为生物学的不同而对压力有不同的反应，并且应对和解决办法也不同。所以A项“男人和女人如何克服压力”适合作为文章标题。故选A。DChatGPTisanewAIsystemthatsoundssohumaninconversationsthatitcouldhostitsownradioprograms.Readingbetweenitsinstantlygenerated,perfectlygrammaticallines,peopleseedifferentvisionsofthefuture.Withoutdoubt,ChatGPTisimpressive.SomecomparetheemergenceofChatGPTwiththeimpactoftheiPhone,butthatdoesn’tdoitjustice.ChatGPT,aswellasthegenerativeAIthatwillfollowandoutsmartit,ismoredisruptive.Andyet,thatdoesn’tnecessarilymeantheendoftheworldisuponus.Onthecontrary,ChatGPT,Iwouldargue,mightservetomakeusmoreaware ofourirreplaceablehumanqualities.Takethecreativeact,writinginparticular,asanexample,theAI-poweredchatbotalwaysproducessomethingbecauseithasthewholeworldofonlinedatatodrawfrom.Butunlikeus,itlackstheconsciousness.Thinkingishard,criticalthinkingevenharder,andChatGPTisn’tgoodateither.Itjustrestateswhathasalreadybeensaid;itisonebigrecyclingmachine.ThereisanotherobviouslimitationofChatGPT.PhilosopherHarryFrankfurtonceclaimed:thedifferencebetweenabullshitterandaliaristhattheliarknowswhatthetruthis,butdecidestotaketheoppositedirection;abullshitter,however,hasnoregardforthetruthatall.TheAIscholarGaryMarcusappliesthisdistinctiontoChatGPT.Hebelievesthatwehavereachedacriticalpointwhere“thepriceofbullshitreacheszeroandpeoplewhowanttospreadmisinformation,eitherpoliticallyorjusttomakeaprofit,startdoingthatplentifully”.Unfortunately,ChatGPTwillreproducemisinformationfromanyofitsinputsources—itisnotanintelligentsystemthattriestobalanceorweighdifferentperspectives.Inthissense,everythingthatChatGPTwritesisbullshit.Thisiswhytheso-calledAIQiscritical.ItisactuallyanextensionandameasurementofourhumanIQ:ouroverallknowledgeofAItools,ourmasteryofclues,andourethicalawareness.ChatGPTisgoingtochangeeverythingandnothing.Creativity,imaginationandethics—thesewillallremainuniquehumandomains.ItistheAI’sverylimitationsthatwillmakeusappreciateourown.32.WhatcanwelearnaboutChatGPT?A.Ithelpsgenerateanartificialvoice.B.Itprovidesinstructionsonwritingskills.C.Itgeneratesnaturallanguageresponses.D.Itoffersaserviceforlanguagelearning.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disruptive”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Evil.B.Reliable.C.Profitable.D.Revolutionary.34.What’sthewritingpurposeofParagraph3?A.ToshowthedifferencesbetweenhumansandAI.B.Todescribethelimitationsofhumanconsciousness.C.ToexplainwhyChatGPTisn’tabigrecyclingmachine.D.ToproveChatGPTmakehumansawareoftheirirreplaceablehumanqualities.35.WhydoestheauthorconsiderChatGPTasabullshitgenerator?A.Itmakesupliesconstantly.B.Itcan’ttellrightfromwrong.C.Itoftenmakesunfairjudgement.D.Italwaystakesaneutralstandpoint.【答案】32.C33.D34.D35.B 【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。ChatGPT将改变一切，但不会改变任何事情。创造力、想象力和道德——这些都将是人类独有的领域，正是人工智能的局限性让我们欣赏自己。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Readingbetweenitsinstantlygenerated,perfectlygrammaticallines,peopleseedifferentvisionsofthefuture.(阅读它即时生成的、语法完美的句子，人们看到了对未来的不同愿景。)”可知，ChatGPT会产生自然的语言回应，故选C项。【33题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词的下文“Andyet,thatdoesn’tnecessarilymeantheendoftheworldisuponus.(然而，这并不一定意味着世界末日即将来临)”可推理出划线词的含义为“革命性的”，故选D项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Andyet,thatdoesn’tnecessarilymeantheendoftheworldisuponus.Onthecontrary,ChatGPT,Iwouldargue,mightservetomakeusmoreawareofourirreplaceablehumanqualities.(然而，这并不一定意味着世界末日即将到来。相反，我认为，ChatGPT可能会让我们更加意识到我们不可替代的人类品质。)”可知作者在第二段提出了自己的观点。再根据第三段“Thinkingishard,criticalthinkingevenharder,andChatGPTisn’tgoodateither.(思考很难，批判性思维更难，而ChatGPT也不擅长。)”、第四段“ThereisanotherobviouslimitationofChatGPT.(ChatGPT还有另一个明显的局限性。)”以及最后一段“Creativity,imaginationandethics—thesewillallremainuniquehumandomains.(创造力、想象力和道德——这些都将是人类独有的领域)”可知本文的写作目的是证明ChatGPT让人类意识到他们不可替代的人类品质，故选D项。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Unfortunately,ChatGPTwillreproducemisinformationfromanyofitsinputsources—itisnotanintelligentsystemthattriestobalanceorweighdifferentperspectives.Inthissense,everythingthatChatGPTwritesisbullshit.(不幸的是，ChatGPT会从其任何输入源复制错误信息——它不是一个试图平衡或权衡不同观点的智能系统。从这个意义上说，ChatGPT所写的一切都是胡说八道。)”可知，作者认为ChatGPT是一个胡说八道生成器的原因是ChatGPT分不清是非，故选B项。第二节(共5小题,每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Shouldschoolsreportastudent’shealthtoparents?Asifgradesweren’tenoughtoworryabout,somestudentsnowhaveweightontheirmindstoo.Thenumber ofoverweightchildrenintheUnitedStateshasmorethandoubledinthepast20years,accordingtotheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.____36____Asaresult,schoolsinseveralstates,fromCaliforniatoPennsylvania,havestartedsendinghome"BMIreportcards".Thoseschoolssendhomeareportofastudent’sbodymassindex(BMI).BMIisacalculationofweightandheightthattellswhetherapersonisoverweightforhisorherage.____37____Peopleonbothsidesofthedebateareweighingin.SomelawmakerssayBMIreportswarnparentsoftheirchildrenshealthproblemhelpfightagainstobesity.In2003,formerArkansasGovernor.MikeHuckabeehelpedlaunchthefirstprogramtoreportstudents’BMI.____38____PechatricianJoeThompsonhelpedplantheBMIprogramforArkansasschools.HeexplainsthatthereportsinArkansasaresenthomeseparatelyfromreportcards.“Themisconceptionisthatstudentsarebeinggradedontheirweight,”hetoldWRNews,“Justlikeaschoolscreenforvisionorhearing,thisisahealthapproachtoraiseawarenessaboutarisk.”____39____Parentshavecomplainedthatthereportsdamagetheirchildren’sself-respect.Someparentssaykidsalsoworrythattheyarebeing“graded”ontheirweight.____40____Theypointoutthatmanyschoolcafeteriasservetastyfoods.ParentBrettLevyfromChicago,Illinois,believesthatschoolsshouldteachkidstoleadhealthylifestylesinsteadofreportingtheirBMIS.“TellingaboyorgirlaBMIisnoteducation,”hetoldWRNews.“It’safearstrategy.”A.ShouldschoolssendhomeBMIreports?B.Obesityratesinthatstatehavesincestoppedincreasing.C.Sincethenchildrenwithheartdiseasehavereceivedthereports.D.Noteveryonethinksthatreportingstudents’BMIisagoodidea.E.Schoolsagreethatmoreactivitiesarerequiredforstudentstocontrolweight.F.Beingobese,orseverelyoverweight,canleadtohealthproblemslaterinlife.G.Somepeoplearguethatschoolsthatlabelstudentsoverweightareactingunfairly.【答案】36.F37.A38.B39.D40.G【解析】【分析】本文是议论文。文章讲述了美国一些学校向家长报告学生健康状况这一措施，并对此进行论述，陈述了正反双方的理由。【36题详解】上文“ThenumberofoverweightchildrenintheUnitedStateshasmorethandoubledinthepast20years( 在过去的20年里，美国超重儿童的数量增加了一倍多)”讲美国学校超重儿童，肥胖儿童数量大增，F项“Beingobese,orseverelyoverweight,canleadtohealthproblemslaterinlife.(肥胖或严重超重会导致晚年的健康问题)”说肥胖可能带来的问题，下文“Asaresult,schoolsinseveralstates,fromCaliforniatoPennsylvania,havestartedsendinghome‘BMIreportcards’.(因此，从加州到宾夕法尼亚州，好几个州的学校都开始给家里寄‘BMI成绩单’)”讲一些学校开始给家长寄‘BMI成绩单’，报告学生身体健康状况。F项承上启下，逻辑关系明晰。故选F项。【37题详解】下文“Peopleonbothsidesofthedebateareweighingin.(辩论双方的人都在发表意见)”中说到“thedebate”，那么设空处需要明确辩论的是什么，A项“ShouldschoolssendhomeBMIreports?(学校应该把BMI报告寄回家吗?)”即辩论的话题。故选A项。【38题详解】上文“In2003,formerArkansasGovernorMikeHuckabeehelpedlaunchthefirstprogramtoreportstudents’BMI.(2003年，前阿肯色州州长迈克·赫卡比帮助启动了第一个报告学生BMI的项目)”，B项“Obesityratesinthatstatehavesincestoppedincreasing.(从那以后，该州的肥胖率就停止了增长)”是上文“启动了第一个报告学生BMI的项目”的结果，与上文是顺承关系，且句中“thatstate”指代上文“Arkansas”，时间状语“since”即“since2003”。故选B项。【39题详解】下文“Parentshavecomplainedthatthereportsdamagetheirchildren’sself-respect.(家长们抱怨说，这些报告损害了孩子的自尊)”是D项“Noteveryonethinksthatreportingstudents’BMIisagoodidea.(并不是所有人都认为报告学生的BMI是个好主意)”的举例说明，具体说明了什么人，为什么不赞同报告学生的BMI，D项符合语境。故选D项。【40题详解】G项“Somepeoplearguethatschoolsthatlabelstudentsoverweightareactingunfairly.(一些人认为学校给学生贴上超重的标签是不公平的)”说学校给学生贴上超重的标签，这是一种不公平的做法，下文“Theypointoutthatmanyschoolcafeteriasserveattyfoods.(他们指出许多学校的自助餐厅提供美味的食物)”指出学校一边提供美味的食物，一边给学生贴上超重的标签，对上文的“actingunfairly”作出了解释，且G项中“Somepeople”即下文中“They”。故选G项。第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完型填空(共20小题,每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Ifthistimelastyearyouhadtoldmethatanexercisebikewouldsaveme,I’dhave____41____youwerewrong.I’dhaveprotestedthatI’mnotathleticatall.Mycoordinationislackingandmy____42____isliketortoise.InGrade7,myphysicaleducationteacherwatchedme,eyebrow____43____,asItriedmybesttofollowthegymnastictraining.“You’redoingprettywellinmyclass,”hesaid,“forsomeonewithno____44____forsportsatall.”Inhighschool,Iwasn’t____45____forasingleteam.Iwasbookishandslow,andthat____46____ofbeingbettersuitedtoquietreadingandleisurelywalks____47____withmeforalongtime.Idiscoveredjogginginmylate20s,andIenjoyedthefeelingofquietaccomplishment—withoutthefearof____48____teammates.Itriedyogaandalwaysprioritized____49____pursuitsoverphysicalones.Itwas,_____50_____,mygraduallyworseningmentalconditionthatfinallyforcedmetorethinkaboutexercising.Thiswinter,underpandemic,Ifoundmyself_____51_____undertheweightofexhaustion.Iknew_____52_____hadtochange.Ineededanoutlettoreleasethe_____53_____ofmonthsofonlineconferencingandon-and-offsoloparentingathome.Jogginginthemorningwasn’tenoughto_____54_____it.I_____55_____anexercisebikeandhopedtohavepositiveresults.SinceearlyMarch,I’vehardly_____56_____adayonmybike.I’mnotthefastest,butIsticktoit.I’mfinallylearningthatmovementisn’t_____57_____aboutathleticism.Morethananything,it’sthefeelingofaccomplishmentwhenyouinsistonsomething_____58_____outsideofyourcomfortzone.Athletesfindgloryinsports.Fortherestofus,the_____59_____ismorepersonal:bettersleep,improvedmoodandboostedconfidence.Itwasneverabouttalent.That’swhatIwishmyphysicaleducationteacherhadtoldme.Ifonlyhe’dsaid,“You’redoingreallywellinmyclass.Lookatyour_____60_____”41.A.realizedB.deniedC.hopedD.insisted42.A.heightB.speedC.potentialD.intelligence43.A.laidB.extendedC.raisedD.waved44.A.talentB.interestC.powerD.respect45.A.applicableB.reliableC.suitableD.available46.A.planB.imageC.draftD.standard47.A.liftedB.abandonedC.remainedD.held48.A.lyingdownB.lettingdownC.takingdownD.breakingdown49.A.mentalB.academicC.financialD.social50.A.otherwiseB.thereforeC.insteadD.however51.A.failingB.quittingC.sufferingD.fighting 52.A.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.everything53.A.tensionB.confusionC.satisfactionD.fascination54.A.trackB.throwC.easeD.leak55.A.dealtwithB.ranintoC.figuredoutD.settledon56.A.calledB.missedC.droppedD.delayed57.A.consequentlyB.deliberatelyC.naturallyD.necessarily58.A.difficultB.funnyC.impressiveD.disappointing59.A.demandB.offerC.rewardD.honor60.A.persistenceB.patienceC.confidenceD.courage【答案】41.D42.B43.C44.A45.C46.B47.C48.B49.A50.D51.C52.B53.A54.C55.D56.B57.D58.A59.C60.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从小认为自己没有运动天赋而逃避体育锻炼，身体状况出现问题后开始骑健身自行车，在坚持锻炼后获得了更好的睡眠、情绪的改善、自信心的增强。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果去年这个时候你告诉我健身自行车可以救我，我会坚持说你错了。A.realized意识到；B.denied否认；C.hoped希望；D.insisted坚持。根据下文“I’dhaveprotestedthatI’mnotathleticatall.(我会抗议我根本不爱运动。)”可知，此处上下文说的是作者以前不爱运动，不认同健身自行车可以救他，所以有人说健身自行车可以救他，他会坚持认为这种说法错误，故选D项。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我缺乏协调性，速度像乌龟。A.height高度；B.speed速度；C.potential潜力；D.intelligence智力。根据下文“liketortoise(像乌龟一样)”可知此处上下文说的是作者的速度，故选B项。【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在七年级的时候，当我尽最大努力跟随体操训练的时候，我的体育老师看着我，扬起眉毛（感到惊讶）。A.laid放；B.extended延伸；C.raised提高；D.waved挥手。根据下文“You’redoingprettywellinmyclass(你在我的课上做得相当不错)”可知体育老师对作者的表现感到吃惊，eyebrowraised表示“感到吃惊”，符合句意，故选C项。【44题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你在我的课上做得相当不错，”他说，“对于一个完全没有运动天赋的人来说。”A.talent天赋；B.interest兴趣；C.power权力；D.respect尊重。根据上文“Mycoordinationis lackingandmyspeedisliketortoise.(我缺乏协调性，速度像乌龟)”可知，作者的协调性不好，速度又慢，可推理出体育老师认为作者没有运动天赋，故选A项。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在高中时，我不适合参加任何一个团队。A.applicable适用的；B.reliable可靠的；C.suitable合适的；D.available可用的。根据下文“Iwasbookishandslow(我书生气，速度慢)”可推理出作者不适合参加任何一个团队，故选C项。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我书生气，行动迟缓，这种更适合安静阅读和悠闲散步的形象一直伴随着我很长一段时间。A.plan计划；B.image形象；C.draft草稿；D.standard标准。根据上文“Iwasbookishandslow(我书生气，速度慢)”可知，书生气以及行动迟缓是作者认为自己具有的形象，故选B项。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.lifted举起；B.abandoned放弃；C.remained保持不变；D.held握住。根据下文“foralongtime(很长一段时间)”可知此处上下文说是作者的书生气以及行动迟缓的形象伴随了他好长时间，故选C项。【48题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我在20多岁的时候发现了慢跑，我喜欢那种安静的成就感——不用担心让队友失望。A.lyingdown躺下；B.lettingdown使失望；C.takingdown写下；D.breakingdown分解。根据上文“Idiscoveredjogginginmylate20s(我在20多岁的时候发现了慢跑)”可知，虽然作者书生气且行动迟缓，但是慢跑是单人运动，可以不需要队友，可推理出此处上下文说的是慢跑这种运动方式使作者不用担心让队友失望，故选B项。【49题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我试过瑜伽，总是把精神追求放在身体追求之上。A.mental精神的；B.academic学术的；C.financial财政的；D.social社会的。根据下文“physical(身体的)”可知空白处应填“mental精神的”与之对应，故选A项。【50题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，正是我逐渐恶化的精神状况最终迫使我重新思考锻炼。A.otherwise否则；B.therefore因此；C.instead替代；D.however然而。根据上文“Itriedyogaandalwaysprioritizedmentalpursuitsoverphysicalones.(我试过瑜伽，总是把精神追求放在身体追求之上)”以及下文“mygraduallyworseningmentalconditionthatfinallyforcedmetorethinkaboutexercising(正是我逐渐恶化的精神状况最终迫使我重新思考锻炼)”可知上下文之间为转折关系，空白处应使用表示转折关系的副词，故选D项。 【51题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：今年冬天，在新冠疫情下，我发现自己遭受着沉重的疲惫感。A.failing失败；B.quitting停止；C.suffering遭受；D.fighting打。根据下文“undertheweightofexhaustion(在沉重的疲惫感之下)”可知下文是作者承遭受着痛苦，空白处应填表示“遭受”含义的动词，故选C项。【52题详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：我知道有些事情必须改变。A.nothing没有什么；B.something某物；某事；C.anything任何事物；D.everything每件事。根据上文“Ifoundmyselfsufferingundertheweightofexhaustion.(我发现自己遭受着沉重的疲惫感。)”以及下文“Ineededanoutlettorelease(我需要一个出口来释放)”可知此处上下文表达的是作者认为自己需要做点什么来改变当前的状况，故选B项。【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我需要一个出口来释放几个月的在线会议和断断续续的独自在家育儿的紧张情绪。A.tension紧张；B.confusion困惑；C.satisfaction满足；D.fascination魅力。根据下文“monthsofonlineconferencingandon-and-offsoloparentingathome(几个月的在线会议和断断续续的独自在家育儿的……)”可知本句表达的是几个月的在线会议和断断续续的独自在家育儿给作者造成了不适，使作者需要一个出口来释放这些不适，分析四个选项，A项“tension紧张”表达的含义符合语境，故选A项。【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：早上慢跑不足以缓解压力。A.track跟踪；B.throw扔；C.ease缓解；D.leak泄露。根据上文“Ifoundmyselfsufferingundertheweightofexhaustion(我发现自己承受着沉重的疲惫感)”、“Ineededanoutlettorelease(我需要一个出口来释放……)”以及下文“anexercisebike(健身自行车)”可知，作者决定参与健身自行车运动，因为认为早上慢跑不足以缓解压力，故选C项。【55题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我决定骑一辆健身自行车，希望能取得积极的结果。A.dealtwith对待；B.raninto遇到；C.figuredout弄明白；D.settledon决定。根据下文“anexercisebikeandhopedtohavepositiveresults(一辆健身自行车，希望能取得积极的结果)”可知作者在发现慢跑不能完全解决问题的情况下，决定选择健身自行车，故选D项。【56题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：自三月初以来，我几乎没有错过骑自行车的每一天。A.called打电话；B.missed错过；C.dropped降低；D.delayed拖延。根据下文“I’mnotthefastest,butIsticktoit(我不是最快的，但我坚持骑车)”可知作者坚持骑车，没有错过锻炼的日子，故选B项。【57题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我终于明白了运动不一定非要竞赛。A.consequently因此；B.deliberately 有意地；C.naturally自然地；D.necessarily必要地。根据下文“Morethananything,it’sthefeelingofaccomplishmentwhenyouinsistonsomething(最重要的是，当你坚持某事时，这是一种成就感)”可知，本句说的是运动不一定非要竞赛，notnecessarily为固定短语，含义为“不一定……”，符合句意，故选D项。【58题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，当你在舒适区之外坚持做一些困难的事情时，这是一种成就感。A.difficult困难的；B.funny滑稽的；C.impressive给人印象深刻的；D.disappointing令人失望的。根据下文“outsideofyourcomfortzone.(在你的舒适圈之外)”可知，舒适圈以外的事情是困难的，可推理出空白处应填表示“困难的”含义的形容词，故选A项。【59题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我们其他人来说，回报更多的是有关个人的：更好的睡眠、情绪的改善、自信心的增强。A.demand要求；B.offer建议；C.reward回报；D.honor尊敬。根据下文“bettersleep,improvedmoodandboostedconfidence(更好的睡眠、情绪的改善、自信心的增强)”可知，这是作者锻炼之后收到的回报，故选C项。【60题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：看看你的坚持不懈。A.persistence坚持不懈；B.patience耐心；C.confidence自信；D.courage勇气。根据上文“Morethananything,it’sthefeelingofaccomplishmentwhenyouinsistonsomethingdifficultoutsideofyourcomfortzone.(最重要的是，当你在舒适区之外坚持做一些困难的事情时，这是一种成就感。)”可知，作者在坚持锻炼中获得了更好的睡眠、情绪的改善、自信心的增强，希望当年体育老师强调他的坚持，而不是强调他没有运动天赋，故选A项。第二节(共10小题，每题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。TheHangzhouAsianGamesflamewaslitattheLiangzhuancientcityonThursday,markingthe100-daycountdowntotheopeningofthe19thAsianGames.Nineteenflame____61____(collector),dressedinwhite,walkedupthestepsbeforeoneof____62____(they)andlitatorchfromtheraysofthesunusingaconcavemirror.Theoutlineofthemirror,____63____(design)likeajadebi,symbolizesthesun’srays.TheceremonywasheldintheLiangzhuancientsite,____64____wasinitiallydiscoveredinYuhangCountyofHangzhouin1936.In2019,theArchaeologicalRuinsofLiangzhuCitywaslistedasaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,____65____(gain)theworld’srecognitionasatestimonytothe____66____(exist)ofatleast5,000-year-longChinesecivilization.Inmid-September,thetorchlightingandtorchrelaylaunchingceremonywillbeheldatHangzhou’s____67____(scene)landmarkWestLake,anotherUNESCOWorldHeritagesite,andthetorch____68____(carry)through11citiesin ZhejiangProvince.AdigitaltorchrelayalsokickedoffonlineonThursday.Over21millionpeoplehaveparticipatedinavirtualtorchrelay____69____digitaltorchbearersthroughonlineplatforms.OnSeptember23,theopeningceremonywillpresent_____70_____firstdigitalignitionceremonyintheGames’history,anddigitaltorchbearersworldwidecanignitetheflametogetheronline.【答案】61.collectors62.them63.designed64.which65.gaining66.existence67.scenic68.willbecarried69.as70.the【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章简要讲述了第19届亚运会火炬的火种采集、火炬传递以及开幕式的点火仪式。【61题详解】考查名词。句意：19名火焰采集者身着白色衣服，走上他们前面的台阶，用凹面镜从阳光中点燃了火炬。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做主语使用名词，根据空白处前面的数词Nineteen可知空白处应填复数名词，故填collectors。【62题详解】考查代词。句意同上。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做介词of的宾语，应使用宾格代词，故填them。【63题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：镜子的轮廓设计得像一个玉璧，象征着阳光。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，因与其逻辑主语Theoutlineofthemirror之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填designed。【64题详解】考查定语从句。句意：仪式在良渚遗址举行，良渚遗址于1936年在杭州余杭县首次被发现。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为：theLiangzhuancientsite，因空白处在定语从句中做主语指物，使用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。【65题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：2019年，良渚市考古遗址被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产，见证了至少5000年的中华文明的存在，获得了世界的认可。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，因与其逻辑主语theArchaeologicalRuinsofLiangzhuCity之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填gaining。【66题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做介词to的宾语，使用名词，故填existence。【67题详解】考查形容词。句意：9月中旬，火炬点燃和火炬接力启动仪式将在杭州风景名胜区西湖举行，西湖是另一处联合国教科文组织世界遗产，火炬将在浙江省11个城市传递。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语，为形容词，故填scenic。【68题详解】考查时态语态。句意同上。分析句子结构，这是一个并列句，空白处在第二个句子中作谓语，因与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，根据时间状语Inmid-September可知句子表达的是发生在将来的动作，谓语动词使用一般将来时的被动语态，故填willbecarried。【69题详解】考查介词。句意：超过2100万人通过在线平台作为数字火炬手参与了虚拟火炬接力。根据下文“digitaltorchbearers(数字火炬手)”可知，有超过2100万人作为数字火炬手参与了虚拟火炬接力，空白处应填表示“作为”含义的介词，故填as。【70题详解】考查冠词。句意：9月23日，开幕式将举行奥运会历史上第一次数字点火仪式，全球数字火炬手可以在线共同点燃火焰。结合句意可知空白处后面的first表示“第一次”，可知此处使用了序数词，根据数词的用法，序数词前需使用定冠词，故填the。第Ⅱ卷第四部分：写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)71.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Thefamousenvironmentalist,ProfessorJin,wasinviteddeliveraspeechinourschoollastFriday.HestartedwithanuniversallyacceptedtheoryexplaininghowtheEarthbegan.Wewereshockingthatthereweresomanykindsoflivingthingontheplanetlongtimeago.However,healsoshowedhowtheappearanceofsomespecieshappenedlater.Itwashumanactivitiesthatlargechangedtheglobalenvironment.Hepointedoutweshouldattach importancetoprotecttheenvironment.Itdecidedthatwewereabletocontinuetoliveonthisplanetinthefutureornot.Iwasdeeplyimpressedbyherspeech.Ithinkofitisimportanttoprotectouronlyhome.【答案】1.在invited后加to2.an→a3.shocking→shocked4.thing→things5.appearance→disappearance6.large→largely7.protect→protecting8.that→if/whether9.her→his10.去掉of【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是上周五，著名环保人士ProfessorJin应邀在我们学校作一个地球是如何起源的讲座，呼吁大家要保护环境和我们赖以生存的星球。【详解】1.考查不定式。句意：著名的环保主义者金教授上周五应邀在我们学校做了一次演讲。sb.beinvitedtodo是固定短语，意为“某人被邀请做某事”，故在invited后加to。2.考查冠词。句意：他从一个被普遍接受的解释地球起源的理论开始。universally是辅音音素开头的单词，因此前面的不定冠词用a，故将an改为a。3.考查形容词。句意：很久以前，地球上有这么多种生物，这使我们感到震惊。主语We是人，用ed结尾的形容词shocked修饰，意为“震惊的”，故将shocking改为shocked。4.考查名词的复数。句意：很久以前，地球上有这么多种生物，这使我们感到震惊。kindsof后要跟名词的复数，故将thing改为things。5.考查名词。句意：然而，他也展示了一些物种是如何在后来消失的。根据语境和However表转折可知，句子表示“然而，他也展示了一些物种是如何在后来消失的”，“消失”是disappearance，是不可数名词，故将appearance改为disappearance。6.考查副词。句意：人类活动在很大程度上改变了全球环境。修饰动词changed要用副词largely，意为“很大程度上”，故将large改为largely。7.考查动名词。句意：他指出我们应该重视保护环境。attachimportancetodoing是固定短语，意为“重视做某事”，其中to为介词，故将protect改为protecting。8. 考查宾语从句。句意：它决定了我们将来是否能继续生活在这个星球上。根据语境可知，此处表示我们应该重视保护环境，这决定了我们将来是否能继续生活在这个星球上，“是否”是if/whether，引导宾语从句，故将that改为if/whether。9.考查物主代词。句意：他的演讲给我留下了深刻的印象。由前面的He可知，ProfessorJin是男的，因此“他的”要用his，故将her改为his。10.考查宾语从句。句意：我认为保护我们唯一的家园很重要。“itisimportanttoprotectouronlyhome”是宾语从句，从句中不缺成分，且意思完整，因此用that引导，that可省略，动词think后直接跟宾语从句，of是多余的，故去掉of。笫二节书面表达(满分25分)72.目前，学生们都拥有自己的智能手机。有些学校十分担心手机可能会给学生带来危害，主张禁止学生带手机入校。你校英文报刊正在征集同学们的看法，请你以“BeSmartonSmartphones”为题，用英语写一篇小短文投稿，内容包括：1.描述学生使用手机的现状；2.你的观点；3.说明理由。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。BeSmartonSmartphones________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】范文BeSmartonSmartphonesNowadays,studentshavetheirownsmartphones,whichhaveacertainimpactontheirstudyandlife.Consideringtheharmthatmobilephonesmaybringtostudents,someschoolsadvocateacompletebanonstudentsbringingthemtoschool.Inmyopinion,asastudent,ourmajortaskistolearnasmuchknowledgeaswecanatschool.Weshouldconcentrateourtimeandenergyonstudy,butsomestudentsmaylistentomusic,playgamesandsendmessageswiththeirmobilephonesinclass.Iamnotagainsthavingamobilephone,butIthinkthatstudentsshouldnotbe allowedtousemobilephonesinclass.Allinall,weshouldusemobilephonesinamoresmartandflexibleway.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放作文。要求考生以“BeSmartonSmartphones”为题，写一篇短文，主要描述学生使用手机的现状，及考生自己的观点和理由。【详解】1.词汇积累影响：impact→effect提倡：advocate→promote在我看来：Inmyopinion→AsfarasI’mconcerned集中：concentrateon→focus2.句式拓展同义句替换原句：Inmyopinion,asastudent,ourmajortaskistolearnasmuchknowledgeaswecanatschool.同义句：Asastudent,Ibelievethatourprimaryresponsibilityistoacquireasmuchknowledgeaspossiblewhileatschool.【点睛】【高分句型1】Nowadays,studentshavetheirownsmartphones,whichhaveacertainimpactontheirstudyandlife.(运用了which引导的非限制定定语从句)【高分句型2】Consideringtheharmthatmobilephonesmaybringtostudents,someschoolsadvocateacompletebanonstudentsbringingthemtoschool.(运用了动名词做主语，且由that引导的定语从句)