湖南省长沙市长郡中学2023-2024学年高一英语上学期开学考试试卷（Word版附答案）

长郡中学2023级高一入学检测试卷英语时量：90分钟满分：100分I.阅读(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAWONDERFULNIGHTATCHANGSHAAQUARIUM(海洋馆)Haveyoueverseenseaanimalsatnight?Whatdotheydo?Eat?Sleep?Swim?Let'sgoandenjoythehappytime.Time:6:30p.m.～8:30p.m.onSaturday.*Youcanenjoydinneratourrestaurantunderthewaterfrom6:00p.m.to6:30p.m.*Youcan'teatanythingwhileyouarewatchingtheseaanimals.*Eachtourcosts15yuan.Youcanbuytheticketsatthegateoftheaquarium.*Youcandecidewhichtouryouwilljoinafteryouarriveattheaquarium.1.Ifyouwanttoenjoy4tours,howmuchwillyoupayforthem?A.15yuan.B.30yuan.C.45yuan.D.60yuan.2.Whatcan'tyoudowhileyouarewatchingtheseaanimals?A.Feedthefish.B.Eatfood.C.Takepictures.D.Walkwiththepenguins.3.Howlongcanyouenjoytheactivitiesattheaquariumatmostinonenight?A.Halfanhour.B.Onehour.C.Oneandahalfhours.D.Twohours.BEnergyistheabilitytodowork.SolarenergycomesfromtheSun.Thereisalsoenergythatcomesfromwindandwater.Butdoyouknowthatenergycancomefrompeople,too?Whenyoupedalabike,youproduceenergy.Youuseyourlegstopushthepedals.Yourenergyistransferred(转移)tothebike.Thatmakesthebikemove.,Nowimagineridingyourbiketocreateenoughpowertorunacomputer.Somestudentsatoneschooldidjustthat!Theyjumpedonbikesconnectedtogenerators(发电机)andpedaledinplace.Soontheywereproducingelectricity.Thisenergyisneededtoruntheircomputers.Hereishowbicycle-poweredenergyworks.Whenastudentpedalsthebike,thebackwheelspins(旋转).Thewheelspinsthegenerator.Thegeneratorproduceselectricity.Aslongasastudentpedalsthebicycle,electricitymovesthroughthegenerator.Theelectricitycanbeusedrightaway.Thisenergycanalsobestoredandusedlater.Peopleusebicycle-poweredenergytorunsmalldevices(设备)suchassmalltelevisionsandfans.Theyoftenuselessthan100wattsperhour.However,itwouldbeamistaketousepedalpowertorunafridge.Thislargemachineoftenusesmorethan700wattsperhour.Theelectricityforthesemachinescomesfrompowerlinesoverheadorunderground.Pedalpowercanbeseeninschools,gyms,andhomes.Whatafunwaytoprovideelectricity!4.Howdoesthewriterleadintothetopic"bicycle-poweredenergy"inParagraph2?B.Bytellingajoke.A.Byaskingaquestion.D.Bymakingasurvey.C.Byusinganoldsaying.5.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Thefutureofnewenergy.B.Theformsofworld'senergy.C.Producingbicycle-poweredenergy.D.Usingbicycle-poweredenergy.6.Whatdoweknowaboutbicycle-poweredenergy?A.Itcan'tbeseeninschools.B.Itcanbestoredandusedlater.C.Itcomesfromwindandwater.D.It'sfrompowerlinesoverhead.CPeoplebelievethateverywordhasitscorrectmeaning(s).Whenwearenotsure,weusuallycheckonline,orturntoourteachersordictionaries.Butdoyouknowhowdictionariesweremadeinthepast?Dictionarywritersfirstreadtheimportantbooksoftheperiodorthesubjectthatthedictionarywasabout.Astheyread,theycopiednecessaryinformationoncards:interestingwords,commonwords—bothintheirdailyusesandunusualuses,andalsothesentenceswheretheywereused.Thatistosay,thewords,alongwiththeusesofeachword,werecollected.Forareallybigdictionary,millionsofsuchcardswerecollected.Thistaskcouldlastforyears.Asthecardswerecollected,theywereputinalphabeticalorder(A—Z).Whenthiswasdone,therewouldbeseveralhundredcardsforeachsingleword.Then,todefine(定义)aword,thedictionarywriterplaceditshundredsofcardsbeforehim.Hereadthecardsclosely,threwawaysome,readtherestagain,anddividedupthecardsaccordingtowhathethoughtwerethecommonusesoftheword.Finally,hewrotethedefinitions,followingthehard-and-fastrule:eachdefinitionmustcomefromanexampleonacertaincardinfrontofhim.So,thewritingofadictionarywasnotataskofinventingmeaningsofwords,butataskof,recordingtheirmeanings.Thewriterofadictionarywasahistorian,notalawmaker.Astimedevelops,thewayofproducingdictionarieshasgreatlychanged.Nowadays,wecanuseonlinedictionariestoo.Whenchoosingourwordsinspeakingorwriting,wecanbeguidedbythedictionary.However,wecannotbecontrolledbyit,becausenewsituations,newexperiences,newinventions,andnewfeelingsarealwayspushingustogivenewusestooldwords.7.Whydiddictionarywritersreadimportantbooks?A.Toknowmoreabouttheperiod.B.Tocollectwordsandtheiruses.C.Tounderstanddifferentsubjects.D.Tolearntouseinterestingwords.8.Whichshowsthecorrectstepsofhowdictionariesweremadeinthepast?A.①—③—④—②B.①—②—④—③C.③—①—④—②D.③—④—②—①9.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassageaboutdictionarywritinginthepast?A.Itwaslong-timehardwork.B.Itwasataskofinventingandrecording.C.Itshouldbedonebyhistorians.D.Ithadtousethelaw-makingrules.10.Whatdoesthewriteradviseustodowhenwechoosewordsincommunication?A.Trytocreatenewwords.B.Followthedictionarystrictly.C.Useonlinedictionariesinstead.D.Beopentothenewusesofwords.DItisoftensaidthelaughteristhebestmedicine.ButresearchersattheUniversityofOxfordthinktheabilitytobellylaughs(捧腹大笑)wasuniquetoearlyhumans.This,theybelieve,madeourancestors(祖先)abletoformmuchlargergroups.Theresearchersfirsttestedthepainthresholds(临界值)ofsomevolunteers.Theydividedthemintotwogroups.Onegroupwasshown15minutesofcomedyvideos,whiletheotherwasshownboringprograms.Throughthisexperiment,theresearchersfoundthatthosewhohadrecentlyexperiencedbellylaughswereabletowithstand(忍受)upto10%morepainthantheyhaddonebeforewatchingthevideos.Totheirsurprise,thescientistsalsofoundthattheothergroupwaslessabletowithstandpainafterwatching15minutesofthe"boring"programs.ProfessorRobinDunbarofOxfordUniversity,wholedtheresearch,believedthatbellylaughsreleasechemicalscalledendorphins(安多芬)intothebodywhichmakeusfeellesspainful.However,notallcomedyprogramshadsucheffects,accordingtoProfDunbar.Forexample,thoughcleverstand-upcomedywasfoundtobeenjoyable,ithadnoeffectonraisingpain,thresholds."ThingsthatworkedverywellwereinterestingcomediessuchasMr.Bean.SituationcomediessuchasFriendsalsoseemedtobeparticularlysuccessful,"headded.Inordertomeasure(测量)endorphinlevels,theresearchersputabagoficeonthevolunteers'armstoseehowlongtheycouldwithstandthem.Theyfoundthatthegreatertheincreaseinpainthresholds,thegreatertheamountofendorphinsproduced.ThepurposeofProfDunbar'sstudywasnottodevelopanewtreatment.Instead,itwastostudytheroleoflaughterintheformingofhumansocietiestwomillionyearsago."Thenextstagewillbetoseewhetherlaughingreallyallowspeopletokeeptogetherandworkasagroupbetterandbemorefriendlytowardseachother.Ifthatisthecase,thenitmayexplainwhysometwomillionyearsago,thefirsthumanswereabletoformlargecommunitiesofupto100,"Dunbaradded.11.ProfDunbar'sstudywasto_.A.testthepainthresholdsofhumansB.measuretheendorphinlevelswhilelaughingC.developanewkindofmedicinethatreducespainD.exploretheinfluenceoflaughterinforminghumansocieties12.Inordertowithstandmorepain,we'dbetter.A.watchsomescaryfilmsB.watchsomebeautifulpicturesC.watchsomeboringprogramsD.watchsomecomedyvideos13.Themeaningoftheunderlinedword"release"inthepassagemaybeA.lookoutB.standoutC.findoutD.giveout14.Whatdidtheresearcherdotomeasurethelevelofendorphins?A.Letthevolunteerswatchvideos.B.Askthevolunteerstoliveinthelab.C.Makethevolunteershavemedicines.D.Puticebagsonthevolunteers'arms.15.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Moreexperimentsaboutlaughterwillbecarriedout.B.Laughtermakespeoplekeeptogetherandworkasagroup.C.Peoplewholaughalotaremorefriendlytowardseachother.D.Thefirsthumanscouldonlyformsmallcommunitieslessthan100.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余项。Inavideo,someonecutsopenacoconut(椰子),poursitsjuiceandtakesawaymeatinaboutfiveseconds.Whatdoesittaketomasteraskilllikethat?Manypeopleseeitasarulethatsays,"Justspendalotoftimepracticing."16Manystudieshaveshownthattoimproveourskills,wecannotjustpractice,butmustuse"deliberate(刻意的)practice".Sowhatisdeliberatepractice?Imagineyouwanttobecomeaprofessionalviolinplayer.Youcanalreadyplaysomegreatpieces.Doyougetbetterbyonlyplayingthosesamepiecesoverandoveragain?Ordoyoutrytolearnnewsongs?17"Deliberatepractice"isdifferentfrom"commonpractice".Itrequiresfeedback(反馈)andconstant(不断的)challengestoyourself.18Teacherscanfindmistakesandmakecorrections.Buttheycannotbethereforuseverystepoftheway.Sowemustbeabletoprovideourownfeedbackandlearnfromourownmistakes.,19Ifyouarearunnerwhocanrun100metersin12seconds,youcantrytoachievethesamesuccessin11secondsoreven10seconds.Evenifyouarealreadythebestintheworldatsomething,yourgoalstochallengeyourselfanddobettershouldneverdisappear."Professional"coconutopenerscancompletetheirtasksinfiveseconds.20Theonlydifferencebetweenthemisthatprofessionalopenersmakeeffortstoconstantlyimprovethemselves,whileothersarejustcontinuingto"practice".A.Butitisnottherealreason.B.Constantchallengesareprettyeasy.C.Thereareotherswhotakemuchlonger.D.Theyofferussomethingthatweneed.E.Doyoualsorecordyourselfandlistenformistakes?F.Feedbackcommonlycomesfromteachersandourselves.Ⅱ.语言运用(共三节，满分40分)第一节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IknewMarty'smagicwasfake(假的),butIjustcouldn'tproveit.OnedayIcaughtaluckybreak.Atlunch,Martywasgoingonabouthowhecouldmakethings21.Hehadaringinonehandandapencilintheother.That'swhenI22it:athinpieceoffishinglinearoundtheendofthepencilandattached(连接)toMarty'sshirt!Sureenough,hemadeitbysliding(滑动)theringoverthepencilandhangingitfromtheline.Nooneelse23theline,andsoonthewholedininghallwascheering.Whenthecrowdsweregone,Iwalkedover.Itwastimeto24theMagicMartyshow."Iknowhowyoudidit,"Isaid,lookinghimrightintheeye."25,"Martyreplied."Butthefirstlawofmagicisthat..""Itwasthefishingline."Martybecame26.Helookedabitworried.Withoutallhisconfidence,heseemedmorenormal(平常).Isuddenlyfeltbad."So,areyougoingtotellotherpeople?"heasked.Ithoughtaboutitforamoment.IfIdid,Iwould27beabletoprovethatMarty'smagicwasfake.Butwouldthatreallymakemefeelhappy?WhataboutMarty?Hemight28hisnewfriends.Howwouldthatmakehimfeel?"Nah,"Isaid."Itwillbea29betweenyouandme."Martyletoutarelievedsigh,andIturnedtowalkaway."Wait!"Martyjumpedinfrontofme."You'vegotaprettygoodeyeformagic.Ifyou're30,Ihaveanidea."That'showtheMagicMartyandMysteriousMattLunchShowbegan.21.A.disappearB.growC.floatD.change22.A.sawB.heardC.feltD.smelt23.A.confirmedB.explainedC.noticedD.supported24.A.watchB.praiseC.endD.create25.A.IndeedB.HoweverC.MaybeD.Anyway26.A.politeB.silentC.crazyD.curious27.A.finallyB.properlyC.easilyD.mainly28.A.makeB.leaveC.loseD.greet,29.A.secretB.trickC.presentD.reward30.A.surprisedB.interestedC.satisfiedD.impressed第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。FredericChopinwasborninMarch1810nearWarsawinPolandandwasoneofthegreatestmusiciansintheworld.Hecomposedtwenty-fourshort31(piece)forthepianocalledpreludes.Thelongestone,PreludeNo.15,isbetter32(know)byitsnickname,the"Raindrop"Prelude.Howdiditgetitsnickname?Onedayin1838,whenChopin'sloverGeorgeSandwentoutinarainstorm,Chopinbecameworried.Whilehe33(wait)forSand,hewrotePreludeNo.15.WhenSandcameback,Chopinplayed34(she)themusic.Sandthoughtthenotessoundedlikeraindrops.SheletChopinlistentotheraindrops35(fall)ontheroof.ThismadeChopin36(happy).Heinsistedthatheneverpaidattentiontothosesoundsor37(copy)them.However,likeSand,manypeoplehearraindropsinthisprelude.Somenotesrepeatingthroughoutthepiecesoundlikeraindrops.Theflowofthemusicislikerain,too.Thepiecestarts38(soft),butitgetslouder,likeraingetting39(heavy).Thenthemusicgetsquietandfinally40(end),likerainwhenitstops.第三节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。Fourrulesforahealthylife41.Thankstobetterhealthcare,mostpeoplearelivinghealthierandlongerlives.It'seventhoughtthatinthefuturemoreandmorepeoplewillcelebratetheirhundredthbirthdays.Herearefourrulesforahealthylife.1.Getoffthesofa!Sure,it'scomfortabletositonthesofaandwatchTV.Butdoctorssayyoushouldgetoffthesofa.42.要保持健康，你每天至少应走10000步。Inthepast,people'sjobsrequiredmorephysicaleffort.Theyoftenhadtowalkformileseveryday.Whenfarmerswereworking,theywerekeepingfitatthesametime.Thinkaboutit:Doyougetthesameamountofexercisetodayastheydidinthepast?2.Eathealthyfood!43.吃新鲜自然的食物很重要，forexample,fruitandvegetables.Fastfoodisnothealthy.Youshouldonlyhaveitonceinawhile.Eatingtoomuchofthewrongfoodwillharmyourhealth.3.Restwhileyoucan!44.Whenwewerebabies,wesleptformuchofthenight.Teenagersdonotneedasmuchsleepasbabies,butit'simportantforyoutogetabouteighthours'sleepanight.Atweekends,you'vegotmoretime,souseitnotjustforyourfriends,butforresttoo.4.Don'tworry.Behappy!45.许多人认为幸福对我们的健康很重要。Sometimesitisnoteasytobeateenagerbecauseofthedifficultiesofschool,examsorfriendships.Ifyou'reworriedaboutsomething,talktoyourparentsoryourteacher.Ⅲ.写作(满分20分)同学们，在过去的学习生活中，你一定经历过很多次尝试，可能有成功、有失败、有欣喜、有泪水……请以"MyFirstTry"为题，用英语写一篇短文，记录你成长中的第一次尝试。要求：,(1)100词左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数);(2)文中不得出现真实人名和校名。MyFirstTryWhenitcomestothetopicof"MyFirstTry",