备战2023-2024学年高一上学期期中英语真题分类汇编（全国通用）专题02阅读理解（说明文及其他）（Word版附解析）

专题02阅读理解（说明文及其他）Passage1（2022秋·广东佛山·高一统考期中）Ifapersonforgetsnames,placesorfacts—andhastroublewitheverydaythingslikereadingorshopping—itmaynotmeanyouaregettingold.ItcouldbeAlzheimer’s(阿尔茨海默病)disease.Soit’simportanttoseeadoctorassoonasyoucan.ThereisnocureforAlzheimer’s.ButamedicinecalledARICEPT(安理申)hasbeenusedbymillionsofpeopletohelptheirsymptoms(症状).Instudies,ARICEPThasbeenprovedtoworkforAlzheimer’s.Ithashelpedpeopleimprovetheirmemoryovertime.Ithasalsohelpedthemtokeepdoingeverydaythingsontheirown.AskyourdoctorifARICEPTisrightforyouoryourlovedone.ItistheNumberOnemedicineforAlzheimer’sintheworld.Thesooneryouknowit’sAlzheimer’s,thebetterARICEPTcanhelp.ARICEPTisgoodformanybutmaynotbegoodforeveryone.Somepeoplemayexperiencenotsleepingwell,feelingverytired,ornotwantingtoeat.Instudies,thesesideeffectsweren’tseriousatallandwentawayovertime.SomepeopletakingARICEPTmayfeellight-headed.Inthiscaseyoushouldtellyourdoctorsbecauseyourconditionmaygetworse.1．IfonesuffersfromAlzheimer’s,________.A．hecan’tmoveaboutB．hehastroublewithhismemoryC．hegetsoldmorequicklyD．hecan’tdoeverydaythingsonhisown2．WhatisARICEPT?A．AmedicinetocureAlzheimer’s.B．Amedicinetocurebraindamage.C．Amedicinetoreducethesignsofgettingold.D．AmedicinetoeasethesymptomsofAlzheimer’s.3．OnwhatconditionshouldapatienttakingARICEPTgotoseeadoctor?A．Ifhecan’tfallasleep.B．Ifhefeelslikeadrunkenman.C．Ifhehasnodesiretoeat.D．Ifhefeelstiredout.,【答案】1．B2．D3．B【导语】本文为一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了治疗阿尔兹海默病的药物——安理申。1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Ifapersonforgetsnames,placesorfacts—andhastroublewitheverydaythingslikereadingorshopping—itmaynotmeanyouaregettingold.ItcouldbeAlzheimer’sdisease.(如果一个人忘记名字、地点或事实，并且在阅读或购物等日常生活中遇到困难，这可能并不意味着你变老了。可能是阿尔兹海默病)”可知，如果一个人得了阿尔兹海默病，他会有记忆问题。故选B项。2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ThereisnocureforAlzheimer’s.ButamedicinecalledARICEPT(安理申)hasbeenusedbymillionsofpeopletohelptheirsymptoms.(阿尔茨海默病无法治愈。但是一种叫做安理申的药物已经被数百万人用来缓解他们的症状)”可知，安理申是一种缓解阿尔茨海默病症状的药。故选D项。3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“SomepeopletakingARICEPTmayfeellight-headed.Inthiscaseyoushouldtellyourdoctorsbecauseyourconditionmaygetworse.(一些服用安理申的人可能会感到头晕。在这种情况下，你应该告诉你的医生，因为你的病情可能会恶化)”可知，如果一个人在吃了安理申后头晕，像是喝醉一样的话，要去看医生。故选B项。Passage2（2022秋·山西忻州·高一忻州一中校考期中）Whetherthey’replayingonourTVscreensorprintedinnewspapers,advertsareeverywhere.Infact,accordingtoUSmarketresearchcompanyYankclovich,theaveragepersonlivinginacityseesthousandsofadseverysingleday.However,adsdon’tjustactasatoolforgettingpeopletobuythings;theyalsoserveasawindowintocultures,societiesandhistory.Modernadvertsbegantoappearinthe18thand19thcenturies,sinceadvancesinprintingtechniquesallowedmoredetailedimagestobeproducedinnewspapersandmagazines.Lookingatsomeoftheseearlyadsisliketakingastepbackintimetoanotherworld.Forexample,an1881advertforFrenchcigarettespromisedthatitsproductwould“giveimmediaterelief”toalistofmedicalconditions,includingbreathingproblems.AndaUSadfroma1955newspaperadvisedmotherstomixthesugarysoftdrinkA7Upwiththeirbaby’smilk.Thesedays,ofcourse,theharmfuleffectsofbothsmokingandsugarydrinksarewellknown.Butalthoughtheseadvertsseemunusualtousnow,perhapsfuturegenerationsmayconsidersomeoftoday’sadstobejustasbizarre.“Advertisingoftenservesasanindicatorforwhatsocietyconsiderstobesociallyacceptableanddesirableat,thetime.”USmarketingexpertwroteontheAdCouncil’swebsite.Inspiteofbeingdesignedtoselloradvertisesomething,someadscanevenbecomepartofasociety’svernacular(方言).IntheUK,forexample,aslogan(标语)createdin1994toadvertisepaintisusedineverydayconversationbymanyBritons.Thephrase,“Itdoesexactlywhatitsaysonthetin”,isusedtodescribeanitemorproductthat’sopen,straightforwardandsimple.Meanwhile,alsointheUK,ifsomeonedescribesthemselvesasa“Marmiteperson”,thismeansthatyoumayeitherlosethemorhatethem,basedontheBritishfoodMarmite’sslogan,“Loveitorhateit.”So,inspiteofwhatwemaythinkofthem,itseemsthatadsareabiggerpartofeverydaylifethanwethinktheyare.Insteadoffindingthemannoying,however,atleastwecanbeassuredthatfuturegenerationswillhaveaninterestingwaytoseehowwelived——nomatterhowunusualtoday’sworldmayseemtothem.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bizarre”inParagraph9probablymean?A．Typical.B．Creative.C．Strange.D．Misleading.5．TheexamplesofthetwoBritishphrasesarementionedmainlyto______.A．provemostadsinthepastweresimpleB．showadscaninfluenceeverydaylanguageC．explainwhysomeadsarcverypopularD．showthatBritishpeoplelovetousewordsfromads6．What’sthearticlemainlyabout?A．Thehistoryofmodernadverts.B．Thechangingrolesofads.C．Howadsreflecthistoryandsocieties.D．Adsthathaveinfluencedourlives.【答案】4．C5．B6．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。广告不仅仅是让人们购买东西的工具；它们也是了解文化、社会和历史的窗口。4．词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的部分“Butalthoughtheseadvertsseemunusualtousnow,perhapsfuturegenerationsmayconsidersomeoftoday’sadstobe（但是，尽管这些广告对现在的我们来说似乎很不寻常，也许后代会认为今天的一些广告……）”,可知，我们会认为上文提到的早期的两个广告不寻常；但是，今天的一些广告对于将来的人来说，也许会有同样的感觉，所以划线单词bizarre应该和上文的unusual是同义词，其意义为“异乎寻常的”。故选C项。5．推理判断题。根据文章的倒数第六段“Inspiteofbeingdesignedtoselloradvertisesomething,someadscanevenbecomepartofasociety’svernacular.（尽管设计广告是为了销售或宣传某些东西，但有些广告甚至可以成为一个社会方言的一部分）”可知，有些广告甚至可以成为一个社会方言的一部分。而下文接着提到英语中的两个习语“Itdoesexactlywhatitsaysonthetin”和“Marmiteperson”，它们都来自广告语。所以，作者提到两个英语习语的目的是想表明广告可以影响人们的日常用语。故选B项。6．主旨大意题。根据文章的第三段“However,adsdon’tjustactasatoolforgettingpeopletobuythings;theyalsoserveasawindowintocultures,societiesandhistory.（然而，广告不仅仅是让人们购买东西的工具；它们也是了解文化、社会和历史的窗口）”和主要内容可知，本文主要说的是广告可以反映当时的历史和社会情况。故选C项。Passage3（2023春·广东惠州·高一校考期中）TheBiggestStadiumsintheWorldPeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.Inaround80A．D．,theRomansbuilttheColosseum,whichremainstheworld’sbestknownstadiumandcontinuestoinformcontemporarydesign.Rome’sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,seating50,000people.However,thatwassmallfrycomparedwiththecity’sCircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.Thesedays,safetyregulations-nottomentionthemodernsportsfan’sdesireforagoodviewandcomfortableseat—tendtokeepstadiumcapacities（容量）slightlylower.Evensoccerfanstendtohaveaseateach;gonearethedaysofthousandsstandingtowatchthematch.Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,wehaveuseddatasuppliedbytheWorldAtlaslistsofar,whichranksthembytheirstatedpermanentcapacity,aswellasupdatedinformationfromofficialstadiumwebsites.Allthesestadiumsarestillfuntional,stillopenandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.·Rungrado1stofMayStadium,PyongyangD．P.R.Korea.Capacity:150,000.Opened:May1,1989.·MichiganStadium,AnnArbor,Michigan,U.S.Capacity:107,601.Opened:October1,1927.·BeaverStadium,StateCollege,Pennsylvania,U.S.Capacity:106,572.Opened:September17,1960.·OhioStadium,Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104,944.Opened:October7,1922.·KyleField,CollegeStation,Texas,U.S.Capacity:102,512.Opened:September24,1927.7．HowmanypeoplecouldtheCircusMaximushold?,A．104,944.B．107,601.C．About150,000.D．About250,000.8．Ofthefollowingstadiums,whichistheoldest?A．MichiganStadium.B．BeaverStadium.C．OhioStadium.D．KyleField.9．Whatdothelistedstadiumshaveincommon?A．Theyhostbiggames.B．Theyhavebecometouristattractions.C．TheywerebuiltbyAmericans.D．Theyarefavoredbyarchitects.【答案】7．D8．C9．A【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界上最大的体育场。目前这些体育场仍在运行并且还在承办大型体育赛事。7．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“However,thatwassmallfrycomparedwiththecity’sCircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.(然而，与这座城市容纳了25万人的大竞技场相比，这只是小巫见大巫。)”可知，CircusMaximus的可以容纳250,000人。故选D项。8．细节理解题。根据文章最后部分中的“OhioStadium,Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104,944.OpenedOctober7,1922.(美国俄亥俄州哥伦布市俄亥俄体育场，容纳人数：104,944人。1922年10月7日开业。)”可知OhioStadium在1922年10月7日开业；由最后一段“MichiganStadium,AnnArbor,Michigan,U.S.Capacity:107,601.Opened:October1,1927.（密歇根体育场，美国密歇根州安阿伯市，容量:107,601人，开业日期:1927年10月1日。）可知MichiganStadium的开业时间是1927年10月1日；由文中最后一段“BeaverStadium,StateCollege,Pennsylvania,U.S.Capacity:106,572.Opened:September17,1960.（美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学海狸体育馆，可容纳106,572人。开放时间:1960年9月17日。）可知BeaverStadium的开业时间是1960年9月17日；最后一段“KyleField,CollegeStation,Texas,U.S.Capacity:102,512.Opened:September24,1927.（凯尔菲尔德，学院站，得克萨斯州，容量:102,512。开放时间:1927年9月24日。）”可知KyleField的开业时间是1927年9月24日；通过对比，OhioStadium的开业时间最久远，是最老的体育场。故选C项。9．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Allthesestadiumsarestillfunctional,stillopenandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.(所有这些体育场馆仍在使用，仍在开放，仍在举办世界上最大的体育赛事。)”可知，这些体育馆都还在承办大型的体育赛事，这是他们的共同点。故选A项。Passage4（2023春·广东汕头·高一校考期中）TheUnitedStateshasavastnetworkofNationalParksspreadallaroundthecountry.HerearesomeNationalParksforyou.,ArchesNationalPark,UtahMorethan2,000naturalstonearchesmakeArchesNationalParkaspecialplaceinUtah.Travelersfromaroundtheworldcometoseebrilliantsunsetsthatlightuptheskyeachnight.Hikersandrockclimberswilllovetheendlessoptionsforexploring,whilemorelow-keyvisitorsaresuretolovethecamping.Acadia,MaineSuperclosetoBarHarbor,oneofMaine'smostbelovedtinytowns,AcadiaNationalParktopstravelguidesfortheVacationState.BeforemakingyourwaytoMt.Desertisland,dineonthecountry'smostfamousfishandlakeadvantageoftheopportunitytogowhalewatchingontheAtlanticOcean.WhenvisitingAcadia,setasidesometimetohikeandgoboating.MountRainier,WashingtonWecouldn'tleavetheparkwithyouslowlymovingiceoffthelist.Washington'sMountRainierNationalPark,foundsoutheastofSeattle,has25ofthem(alongwiththefamousvolcano)asitsattention-catchingsight.TheNationalParksaysit's"thesnowiestplaceonearthwheresnowismeasuredregularly."Ifsnowcappedpeaksaren'tyourthing,plantovisittheparkwhentheweatheriswarmer.GreatSandDunes(沙丘),ColoradoYouprobablyimaginetheRockyMountainswhenyouthinkaboutColorado,butdidyouknowthattheCentennialstateisalsohometotheUnitedStates'largestsanddunes?SeethemforyourselfatGreatSandDunesNationalPark,whereyoucangosandboardingor"fatbiking".ThoughJunetemperaturesaresaidtobesomeofSouthernColorado'sbest,awarmwinterdaycanbeanequallyenjoyabletimetoseethedunes.10．WhatdoArchesNationalParkandAcadiahaveincommon?A．Touristscanhikeintheparks.B．Theyarelocatedintinytowns.C．Bothoftheparksofferseafood.D．Theyofferfreeguidetotravellers.11．WhatattractstravellersmostinMountRainier?A．Sunsets.B．Whales.C．Ice.D．Sands.12．Wherecanyougoifyouarefondofcycling?A．ArchesNationalPark,UtahB．Acadia,MaineC．MountRainier,WashingtonD．GreatSandDunes,Colorado【答案】10．A11．C12．D,【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国的四个国家自然公园以及各个公园吸引游客的地方。10．细节理解题。根据前两个公园内容Hikersandrockclimberswilllovetheendlessoptionsforexploring和WhenvisitingAcadia,setasidesometimetohikeandgoboating.可知，在这两个公园里爬山爱好者和徒步者都能进行远足或攀爬。故选A。11．细节理解题。根据第三个公园内容Wecouldn’tleavetheparkwithglaciersoffthelist.可知，雷尼尔山一直在有冰山的公园名单上，且TheNationalParksaysit's"thesnowiestplaceonearthwheresnowismeasuredregularly."国家公园提到这里是地球上最常下雪的地方。由此可知，雷尼尔山最著名的是冰雪。故选C。12．细节理解题。根据第四个公园内容whereyoucangosandboardingandsledding(it’sarealthing!)or“fatbiking”.可知，在大沙丘公园可以滑沙或者且骑自行车，所以喜欢骑行的人可以去大沙丘公园。故选D。Passage5（2023春·上海嘉定·高一校考期中）Australianshavelongbeenknownforhavingarelaxedandcasualattitudetolife.AccordingtoDr.TanyaKing,seniorlecturerfromVictoria'sDeakinUniversity."It'sAustralians'egalitarianism,senseofhumorandinformallanguagethataremostcommonlymentionedasexamplesofthisattitude."Egalitarianismrootsinthewaythatthenationwasbuilt.InAustralia'sfoundingcarinthelate1700s,criminalsettlerswereoftencruellytreatedandrobbedoftheirbasichumanrightsbygovernors.Thecriminalclass.whoweremostlyworking-classBritsandIrish.wasunabletoseekcivicpositionsthatwerereservedforimmigrantswhowerenotthecriminal,withthelatterarguingthatifcriminalsgainedequalrightsitwouldbe"rewardingcriminality".Becauseofthis,anegalitarianspiritwaswornasasymbolofhonorbymanycriminalsettlers.Theymaynothavehadpower,educationorwealth.buttheyhadasharedbeliefinequality.TheinformalwayAustraliansuselanguageisalsobelievedtorootincriminaltimes.PhilologistSidneyBakeroncewrotethat"nootherclasswouldhaveabettertalentforcreatingnewtermstofitinwiththeirnewconditionsinlife."CockneyrhymingslangbroughtoverbytheBritishworkingclasswasabbreviatedevenfurther-so"haveaCaptainsCook"（havealook）.became"avacaptains".Thissamepracticewasusedtoeconomizeordinaryclauses.Wordslike"goodday"became"g'day".andbarbecuewas"barbie".ThetoughconditionsofsettlertimesalsoplayedapartinAustralians'dryself-criticizingandsarcastic（讽刺的）senseofhumor.Whileinmanycountriesit'sconsideredpoortastetofindhumorindifficultcircumstances.Australianslendtolookatthelighterside.Ononeroadtrip,asIhitthestalelineandenteredVictoria.Idrovepastsomeblackenedtrees,theleftoversofarecentbush-fire.Aroadsignwarningdriversaboutwildlifewashalf-meltedandbent,buttheshapeofahoppingkangaroowasstilldistinct.Behindthefigure,someonehaddrawnflamesmaking,itlookasthoughtheanimal'stailwasonfire.Icouldn'thelpbutlaugh-itwasabrilliantreminderofthecountry's"nothingupsetsus"andanti-authoritarianattitude.Andonethingyoucan'thelpbutnoticewhendrivingaroundAustraliaisthecountry'splentifulamountsofspace.This.alongwithconsiderableleisuretimeplusfavorableclimate,allcontributestoAustralian'srelaxedattitude.13．Theunderlinedword"egalitarianism"isclosestto______inmeaning.A．criminalityB．crueltyC．equalityD．governmentalism14．WhichofthefollowingisfeatureofthewayAustraliansuselanguage?A．Theyusemoreslangsthanotherpeople.B．Theygivenewmeaningtoexistentwords.C．Theyfavorshortenedformsofexpressions.D．Theycointermsinmemoryofcriminaltimes.15．Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?A．Kangaroos'livingconditionsaregettingtougher.B．ForestfiresthreatenedAustralian'slifetoagreatextent.C．PotentialdangerishereandthereontheroadsinVictoria.D．Australians'jokesmaynotbeascarelessastheyseemonthesurface.16．Thepassagemainlytalksabout______.A．howthelate1700simpactedAustraliaB．whyAustraliansenjoycasuallifesomuchC．whatcontributestoAustralians'relaxedlifestyleD．howAustralianspresenttheirattitudetowardslife【答案】13．C14．C15．D16．D【分析】本文属于说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了澳大利亚人目前他们对生活的态度。13．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Australianshavelongbeenknownforhavingarelaxedandcasualattitudetolife.（众所周知，澳大利亚人对生活的态度是轻松随意的。）”可知，澳大利亚人对待生活是轻松随意的态度，而划线句子“It'sAustralians'egalitarianism,senseofhumorandinformallanguagethataremostcommonlymentionedasexamplesofthisattitude.（最常被提到的例子是澳大利亚人的egalitarianism、幽默感和非正式语言。）”可推测，划线词应为“平等”之意。A选项与B选项为贬义，而D选项“政府主义”与relaxedandcasualattitude不符。故选C项。,14．细节理解题。根据第三段“CockneyrhymingslangbroughtoverbytheBritishworkingclasswasabbreviatedevenfurther-so"haveaCaptainsCook"（havealook）.became"avacaptains".Wordslike"goodday"became"g'day".andbarbecuewas"barbie".（由英国工人阶级带来的伦敦腔押韵俚语被进一步缩写——所以“haveacaptainCook”(看一下)，写成了“avacaptains”。诸如“goodday”变成了“g’day”。“barbecue”变成了“barbie”。）”可知，澳大利亚人使用语言的一个特点是他们偏爱缩略形式的表达方式。故选C项。15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ThetoughconditionsofsettlertimesalsoplayedapartinAustralians'dryself-criticizingandsarcasticsenseofhumor.Whileinmanycountriesit'sconsideredpoortastetofindhumorindifficultcircumstances.Australianslendtolookatthelighterside.Icouldn'thelpbutlaugh-itwasabrilliantreminderofthecountry's‘nothingupsetsus'andanti-authoritarianattitude.（定居者时代的艰苦条件也在澳大利亚人干巴的自我批评和讽刺幽默感中起了作用。而在许多国家，在困难的环境中寻找幽默被认为是低级趣味。澳大利亚人倾向于看到光明的一面。我忍不住笑了起来——这让我想起了这个国家“没有什么让我们不安”和反独裁的态度。）”可知，澳大利亚人的笑话可能不像表面上那么粗心。故选D项。16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Australianshavelongbeenknownforhavingarelaxedandcasualattitudetolife.（众所周知，澳大利亚人对生活的态度是轻松随意的。）”可知，这篇文章主要讲的是澳大利亚人目前他们对生活的态度。故选D项。Passage6（2023春·四川眉山·高一校考期中）SomepeoplesayglobalEnglishisnolongerjustcontrolledbyBritishorAmericanEnglish,butisrunningfreeanddevelopinguniquelylocalforms.Canyoufigureoutthefollowingterms?“Ilikeyoursmile,butunlikeyouputyourshoesonmyface.”Thisisawayofsaying“Keepoffthegrass.”Or“peoplemountain,peoplesea”,whichmeans“verycrowded”.TheseexamplesarewhatwecallChinglish.WhenitcomestoChinglish,ifallyouknowis“goodgoodstudy,daydayup”,youwillbeconsidered“outman”.Nowadays,moreChinglishwordshavebeencreated,forexample,aChineseidiomistranslatedas“smilence”,acombinationbytheEnglishwordsmileandsilence.ChinglishusuallyoffersahumorouslookatmisusesoftheEnglishlanguageinChinesestreetsigns,products,andadvertising.TheyarefavouredbysomeEnglishspeakingtouristsandvisitors.DominicSwirehasbeenlivinginBeijingforacoupleofyears.“IthinkmanyChinesepeoplecomplainabouttheChinglishandbadlytranslatedEnglish.Butyouknow,sometimesforusforeigners,it’sactuallyquitecharmingtoseethem.IthinkifthetranslationsofEnglishinChinawereallperfect,thensomethingwouldbelostfromChineseculture.”,However,Chinglishwillprobablybecomea“culturalrelic”inthenearfuture.BeijinghasmadeacomprehensiveplantoimproveforeignlanguageservicesandcorrectChinglishwithinfiveyears.“ItisveryridiculoustoseeChinglishonthesignsinsomescenicspots.AndtheyareakindofbarrierforcommunicationbetweenChineseandpeoplefromothercountries,”aBeijingersaid.SomeChineseuniversityexpertssidewithChinglish.TheyarguethatEnglishhasabsorbedelementsfromotherlanguagessuchasFrenchandSpanishinitsgrowth,andnowit’sChinese’sturn.17．WhatcanwecallChinglish?A．EnglishwordswhichgetnewChinesemeanings.B．TheChinesewordswhicharedifficulttotranslate.C．ThewordscombiningEnglishvocabularyandChinesegrammar.D．ThelocalwordspreventingforeignersfromlearningChinesewell.18．Whatdoes“smilence”mostprobablymean?A．Sayingnothingbuttosmile.B．Smilingwithoutbeingnoticed.C．Laughingatsomebody.D．Knowinglittleaboutspeech.19．WhatisSwire’sattitudetoChinglish?A．ItcanshowthehumourofChinese.B．Itwillattractmoreforeigntourists.C．IthelpshimtolearnChinesewell.D．ItseemspartofChineseculture.20．WhyChinglishislikelytobecomea“culturalrelic”inBeijing?A．BecauseithasbecomeauniquebridgebetweenChineseandEnglish.B．BecauseChinglishisachancetoenrichChineseandEnglish.C．BecauseitimprovestheunderstandingbetweenChineseandforeigners.D．BecauseBeijingisdeterminedtogetridofChinglishsigns.【答案】17．C18．A19．D20．D【分析】本文是说明文。如今,世界英语不单单受美式英语和英式英语的影响,英语词汇和汉语语法的结合还导致了越来越多的“中国式英语”的出现。17．推理判断题。根据第四段“moreChinglishwordshavebeencreated,forexample,aChineseidiomistranslatedas“smilence”,acombinationbytheEnglishwordsmileandsilence.”更多的中式英语词汇被创造出来，例如，一个汉语成语被翻译成“smilence”，由英语单词微笑和沉默组合而成。这里“笑而不语”把英语词汇按照汉语语法表达出来，故选C项。,18．词句猜测题。根据第四段结尾“acombinationbytheEnglishwordsmileandsilence”可知，根据中文意思把“微笑”和“沉默”结合，即表示“笑而不语”。故选A项。19．推理判断题。根据第五段中Swire说话的内容“IthinkifthetranslationsofEnglishinChinawereallperfect,thensomethingwouldbelostfromChineseculture.”我认为如果中国的英语翻译都很完美，那么中国文化就会丢失一些东西，可知,他认为中国式英语是中国文化的一部分。故选D项。20．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“BeijinghasmadeacomprehensiveplantoimproveforeignlanguageservicesandcorrectChinglishwithinfiveyears.”北京已经制定了一项全面计划，在五年内提高外语服务和纠正中式英语。所以中式英语可能将不存在了，故选D项。Passage7（2022春·山东·高一统考期中）Asmorepeoplemoveintotheirgoldenyears,manyfamiliesarewelcomingtheirseniorparentsintotheirhomes.Whilemostseniorsclaimtoprefertoageintheirownhomes,safetyandhealthconcernsdon’talwaysmakethispossible.Ifyouarepreparingtowelcomeaseniorparentintoyourhome,everyonewillhaveanadjustmentperiod.Thistypeofmovewillhavephysical,emotional,andmentalinfluencesforthewholefamily.Here’reafewtipstohelpyouopenyourheartandhometoyourseniorparents.Youmaybeexcitedabouthavingyourseniorparentmovein,butthatdoesn’tmeantheywillshareyourenthusiasm.Beingaskedtomoveoutoftheirownhomecanbeveryupsettingforyourparents.Soit’simportanttobepatientwiththemandallowthemthetimetoadjusttotheirnewenvironment.It’salsoimportanttogiveyourparentsaspaceoftheirown.Beforeyoudecidetobringaseniorparentintoyourhome,youneedtoconsiderifyouhaveenoughspaceforthem.Then,foradultchildren,offeringaseniorparentasafehomeisapriority.Beforemoving,youwillneedtomakesomechangesaroundyourhometohelpyourparentsstaysafe.Forexample,installgrabbarsinthebathroom,repairallstairways,addanti-slipmatstothekitchenandsoon.AndarmyourselfwithknowledgelikeFirstAidcourses.Inaddition,yourseniorparentwillbeusedtobeinginchargeoftheirownhomeandislikelytofeellikeabotherastheybegintosettleinyourhome.Oneeffectivewayistoassignthemahouseholdresponsibility.Askyourparentstolookafterthedogorcookamealtomakethemfeellikeanactiveandimportantpartofthefamily.21．Whomaybetheintendedreadersofthetext?A．Peoplemovingintotheirgoldenyears.B．Peoplehavingseniorparentstotakecareof.,C．Peoplewantingtoageintheirownhomes.D．Seniorpeoplehavingsafetyandhealthconcerns.22．Whichisthemostimportanttomoveyourseniorparentshome?A．Beingpatientwithyourparents.B．Givingthemenoughspace.C．Makingsureoftheirsafety.D．Assigningthemahouseholdresponsibility.23．Whyshouldyougiveyourparentshouseworktodo?A．Tomakethemfeellikeabother.B．Tomakethemthinkthemselvesuseful.C．Tomaketheminchargeofthefamily.D．Toencouragethemtoexerciseactively.24．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?A．Troublestolivewithseniorparents.B．Agoodwaytoageforseniorpeople.C．Takeyourresponsibilitytoadjustyourself.D．Openyourheartandhometoyourseniorparents.【答案】21．B22．C23．B24．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了年迈的父母搬来和孩子居住后，面临的一系列的问题和处理方法。21．推理判断题。根据第一段“Asmorepeoplemoveintotheirgoldenyears,manyfamiliesarewelcomingtheirseniorparentsintotheirhomes.”（随着越来越多的人步入晚年，许多家庭开始欢迎年迈的父母来家里）可知，这篇文章是写给即将把年迈的父母搬到身边居住的年轻人。故选B项。22．细节理解题。根据第一段“Whilemostseniorsclaimtoprefertoageintheirownhomes,safetyandhealthconcernsdon’talwaysmakethispossible.”（但出于安全和健康的考虑，这并不总是可行的）以及第五段“Then,foradultchildren,offeringaseniorparentasafehomeisapriority.Beforemoving,youwillneedtomakesomechangesaroundyourhometohelpyourparentsstaysafe.”（然后，对于成年子女来说，为年长的父母提供一个安全的家是优先考虑的。在搬家之前，你需要在家里做一些改变，以保证父母的安全）可知，父母的安全是最为重要的。故选C项。23．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Oneeffectivewayistoassignthemahouseholdresponsibility.Askyour,parentstolookafterthedogorcookamealtomakethemfeellikeanactiveandimportantpartofthefamily.”（一个有效的方法是让他们承担家庭责任。让你的父母照顾狗狗或做一顿饭，让他们感觉自己是家庭中活跃和重要的一部分）可知，给父母分配一些家务活能让父母感觉自己还能发挥自己的作用。故选B项。24．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Ifyouarepreparingtowelcomeaseniorparentintoyourhome,everyonewillhaveanadjustmentperiod.Thistypeofmovewillhavephysical,emotional,andmentalinfluencesforthewholefamily.Here’reafewtipstohelpyouopenyourheartandhometoyourseniorparents.”（如果你准备欢迎一位年长的父母到你家来，每个人都将有一个适应期。这种搬家会对整个家庭产生身体、情感和精神上的影响。这里有一些建议可以帮助你向你的父母敞开心扉）以及下文主要介绍了一些把父母搬到身边居住需要注意的事项，可知D项“Openyourheartandhometoyourseniorparents.”（向你的父母敞开心扉）符合文意。故选D项。Passage8（2022秋·浙江宁波·高一慈溪中学校考期中）ThecommonuseofGoogleMaps,anavigation(导航)apponsmartphones,raisestheage-oldquestionwemeetwithanytechnology:Whatskillsarewelosing?Butalso,importantly:Whatabilitiesarewegetting?Peoplewhoaregoodatfindingtheirwayaroundorgoodatusingpapermapsareusuallyconfusedaboutdigital(数字的)maps.Forexample,theymaymessupthedirectionofnorthandsouth.Butconsiderwhatdigitalnavigationappshavemeantforsomeonelikeme.AlthoughItraveloften,I’msoterribleatfindingmywaythatIstilluseGoogleMapsalmosteverydaywhereIhavelivedformanyyears.Whatseemsunnecessarytosomehasbeenanimportantpartofmyownabilities.Partoftheproblemisthatreadingpapermapsrequiresaspecialskillset.Thereisnothingnaturalaboutthem.Inmanydevelopednations,streetnamesandhousenumbersaremeaningful,andinstructionssuchas"gonorthforthreeblocksandthenwest"areusuallyunderstandable.InIstanbul,however,whereIgrewup,noneofthoseholdtrue.Foronething,thelocalshardlyusestreetnames,andhousenumbersoftenaren’tsequential.Afterbuildings1,2and3werebuilt,someonemightputinanotherhousebetween1and2,andthat’s4.Therefore,instructionsassimpleas"gonorth"wouldrequireahelicopter.Igotlostallthetime.ButsinceIusedGoogleMaps,Itravelwithalotmoreconfidence.Asaresult,myworldhasopenedupandmynativenavigationskillshaveimproved,too.Thatbringsmebacktomyquestion:whileweoftenlosesomeskillsafterseekingconveniencefromtechnology,thisnewsetupmayalsoallowustogainmoreabilitiesanddosomethingmoreconfidently.Maybewhentechnologyclosesadoor,weshouldalsolookforthedoorsitopens.,25．WhatdoweknowaboutGoogleMapsfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Itconfusesuserslikethewriter.B．Ithelpspeoplereadmapsbetter.C．Itisatechnologywelcomedbyall.D．Itispopularbutbringsdoubtsaswell.26．Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“sequential”inParagraph3?A．Inausualorder.B．Easilynoticed.C．ofthesamekind.D．Clearlywritten.27．What’sthewriter’smainpurposeofwritingthepassage?A．TointroducetheuseofGoogleMaps.B．TosharehisopinionsonGoogleMaps.C．ToshowtheinfluenceofGoogleMaps.D．TotellthegreatpopularityofGoogleMaps.【答案】25．D26．A27．B【分析】本文是议论文，主要介绍了谷歌地图的好处和坏处，同时作者表明自己对谷歌地图的看法。25．推理判断题。根据第一段“ThecommonuseofGoogleMaps,anavigationapponsmartphones,raisestheage-oldquestionwemeetwithanytechnology”谷歌地图是智能手机上的一款导航应用，它的普遍使用引发了我们在任何技术中都会遇到的一个古老问题。可知，谷歌地图受欢迎。根据第二段“Peoplewhoaregoodatfindingtheirwayaround            orgoodatusingpapermapsareusuallyconfusedaboutdigital(数字的)maps.”擅长找路或擅长使用纸质地图的人通常会对电子地图感到困惑。可知，对于有些人来说，谷歌地图会带来麻烦。所以谷歌地图受欢迎的同时也会带来麻烦。故选D项。26．词义猜测题。根据第三段“Afterbuildings1,2and3werebuilt,someonemightputinanotherhousebetween1and2,andthat’s4.”在1号、2号和3号楼建成后，有人可能会在1号和2号楼之间再建一座房子，那就是4号楼。可知，此处楼号不是按照顺序来的，所以notsequential指的是不按顺序的，那sequential的意思就是按顺序，故选A项。27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ButsinceIusedGoogleMaps,Itravelwithalotmoreconfidence”但自从我使用谷歌地图后，我旅行时就更有信心了。和最后一段“Maybewhentechnologyclosesadoor,weshouldalsolookforthedoorsitopens.”也许当技术关上一扇门时，我们也应该寻找它打开的门。这两处都表明了作者对谷歌地图的看法，故选B项。,Passage9（2022秋·山东青岛·高一山东省青岛第十七中学校考期中）Stuttering（口吃）hasnothingtodowithintelligence.IknowthisbecauseIstutter.Ifittakesmeawhilelongertosayaword,it'snotbecauseIcan'tremembertheword;it'sbecausetheneural(神经的）pathwaythattransformswordsinmyheadintosoundsinmymouthiswireddifferently.Anddifferences,ofcourse,arethebestwaytogetnegativeattentioninoursociety.Takingextratimetogetmywordsoutcansurelybefrustrating,butthat'snothingcomparedtothemiseryofdealingwithpeople'sreactions.Almostallchildrenwhostutterarediscouragedfromspeakinginonewayoranother.It'susuallynotasdirectassomeonewalkinguptothemandsaying,“Hey,stutteringkid!Keepyourmouthshut!”Butwhenyourvoicecausesadultsandpeerstosnicker（窃笑）orrolltheireyes,it'sprettydiscouraging.Growingup,Ilearnedtoavoidspeakingwheneverpossible.Ihatedwhatcameoutofmymouth,fullofawkwardbreaksandpauses.IfiguredwhateverfutureIhad,itprobablyinvolvedavowofsilence.TodayFmatouringauthorandcomedian.Ittookme30-somethingyearstogetoverstuttering.DidIstopstuttering?No!Icouldn'tstopifIwantedto.ButIstoppedwantingtostop.Insteadofwastingallmytimeandenergytryingtomeetunattainablestandards,Ilearnedthatit'sOKtostutter.AndIlearnedbyexample.IattendedtheNationalStutteringAssociationconferenceandmetallkindsofpeoplewhostutter—peoplewhodidn'thatethemselves,whodidn'tsilencethemselves.Theystuttered,andtheywereOKwithit!Irememberwatchingthemandthinking,"That'swhoIwanttobe!"There'sapopularsayingincomedy:"Yourweaknessisyourstrength."WhenIfirstenteredmylocalopen-micscene,Iwasquicklymetwithsome"smart"guyslookingtoscoreacheaplaughatmyexpense.Irememberintroducingmyselftoonecomedianandstutteringonmyname,asIusuallydo.Eagertodemonstratehissmartness,hereplied,"IsthatNinawithfiveNs?""No,"Isaid,"it'sNinawithtwoNs!"Justlikethat,Ihadcreatedajokeastheresultofsomeonemakingfiinofmystutter.Tothisday,wheneverIneedinspirationforanewjoke,IjustthinkaboutalltheridiculouscommentsIgetfromnon-stutteringpeople.It'sacomedygoldmine!28．Ittakestheauthorlongertosayawordbecauseshehas_______.A．acomparativelylowIQB．troubleinorganizingideasC．arelativelysmallbrainD．problemsinherneuralsystem29．Whatannoystheauthormostaboutherstutteringis_______.A．theunfriendlyreactionsofothers,B．thedifficultyinmemorisingwordsC．herunpromisingfutureasastuttererD．herembarrassingpausesduringtalks30．Theauthorgotoverstutteringby_______.A．adjustingherattitudetowardsitB．gettinghelpfromnon-stutterersC．tellingherselfconstantlytostopitD．silencingherselfwheneverpossible31．Paragraph5ismainlyabouttheauthor's_______.A．successasacomedianB．respectforothercomediansC．resistancetoothers'strengthD．acceptanceofherimperfection【答案】28．D29．A30．A31．D【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者花了30多年克服了口吃的毛病，并成为一名巡回演出的作家和喜剧演员。作者认为克服口吃最重要的是，改变对口吃的态度并接受自己的不完美。28．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“it'sbecausetheneural(神经的）pathwaythattransformswordsinmyheadintosoundsinmymouthiswireddifferently.(这是因为将我大脑中的文字转换成嘴里的声音的神经通路是不同的。)”可知，因为她的神经系统有问题，所以作者说一个字要花更长的时间。故选D。29．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Butwhenyourvoicecausesadultsandpeerstosnicker（窃笑）orrolltheireyes,it'sprettydiscouraging.(但是，当你的声音会导致成人和同伴偷笑窃或不以为然，这很令人沮丧。)”可推断出，她口吃最让作者恼火的是别人不友好的反应。故选A。30．推理判断题。根据文章第三段和特别是第四段“Insteadofwastingallmytimeandenergytryingtomeetunattainablestandards,Ilearnedthatit'sOKtostutter.(我并没有浪费时间和精力去达到无法达到的标准，我意识到了口吃是没关系的。)”可推断出，作者从尽量避免说话到克服了口吃的毛病，是因为作者通过调整自己的态度克服了口吃。故选A。31．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段首句“There'sapopularsayingincomedy:"Yourweaknessisyourstrength."(在喜剧中有一句流行的谚语：“你的弱点就是你的长处。”)”和后文作者举自己向一位喜剧演员介绍自己的事例可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会接受自己的不完美。故选D。,【点睛】推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。如小题2根据文章第二段“Butwhenyourvoicecausesadultsandpeerstosnicker（窃笑）orrolltheireyes,it'sprettydiscouraging.(但是，当你的声音会导致成人和同伴偷笑窃或不以为然，这很令人沮丧。)”中带有感情色彩的词句“it'sprettydiscouraging”可推断出，她口吃最让作者恼火的是别人不友好的反应，从而推断出答案。Passage10（2022秋·安徽合肥·高一合肥一六八中学校考期中）Pilates(普拉提),yogaandtherunningmachinegetalltheattentionwhenitcomestopopularwaystokeepfit.Thereis,however,amorehumbleexercisethatmightnotbesoattractive,buthasallthebenefits—walking.CertifiedfitnessprofessionalJolynnJaekelexplains,"WhatIloveaboutwalkingisthatanyonecandoitatanyageandanyfitnesslevel.Plusitisgoodforyourheart,yourheadandyourwallet.”Arecentreportdetailedthehealthbenefitsofwalking.Thereportfoundthatwalkingregularlytofulfill(执行,履行)the150minutesofmoderate(适度的)physicalexerciseeveryweek,recommendedbytheUK'schiefmedicalofficer,couldsave37,000liveseachyear.ScientistsatLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryinCaliforniafoundthatquickwalkingreducedtheriskofheartdiseasemoreeffectivelythanrunning.Theyobservedparticipantsagedbetween18and80overasix-yearperiodandfoundthatwalkingreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseby9.3%,whilerunningreduceditby4.5%.Andthereisevenmoregoodnews:30minutesofquickwalkingoverfivedayscouldhelpyousleepeasily,accordingtoresearchbyOregonStateUniversity.Thestudybytheuniversityshowedthatwalkinghelpedparticipantssleepbetterandfeelmorealertduringtheday.Thesooneryougetstarted,thesooneryou'llnoticethedifferencesinyourmindandbody.So,gooutforyour30-minutewalkinanearbyparkorgreenspace.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"humble"probablymeaninthefirstparagraph?A．relaxingB．plainC．popularD．active33．WhatdoesJolynnJaekelthinkofwalking?A．It'slovedbypeopleofallages.,B．It'smuchhealthierthanrunning.C．It'sbecomingmoreandmorepopular.D．It'samoney-savingphysicalexercise.34．WhatdidscientistsatLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryfind?A．Walkinghelpspeoplewithsleepproblems.B．Walkingcontributestocuringheartdisease.C．Walkingisbetterthanrunninginsomecases.D．Walking150minutesperweekcansavelives.35．Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwereadthistext?A．LifestyleB．CommentC．EducationD．Science【答案】32．B33．D34．C35．A【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了步行是最简单有效的健康生活方式。32．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Pilates,yogaandtherunningmachinegetalltheattentionwhenitcomestopopularwaystostayhealthy.Thereis,however,amorehumbleexercisethatmightnotbesoattractive,buthasallthebenefits—walking.”(普拉提、瑜伽和跑步机在保持健康的流行方法方面得到了广泛关注。然而，还有一种humble锻炼方式，可能不那么吸引人，但却有所有的好处——散步)可知，作者推荐了“散步”这种锻炼方式，与句中“Pilates,yogaandtherunningmachine”相比较，这种方式普通，没有太大吸引力，结合选项可推知，划线词humble和plain意思相近，表示“普通的，没有特别之处的”。故选B。33．细节理解题。根据第二段“WhatIloveaboutwalkingisthatanyonecandoitatanyageandanyfitnesslevel.Plus,itisgoodforyourheart,yourheadandyourwallet.”(我喜欢散步，因为任何人都可以在任何年龄、任何健康水平上进行。此外散步对你的心脏、大脑和钱包都有好处。)可知，步行对人的心脏和大脑都有好处，并且可以省钱。故选D。34．细节理解题。根据第三段“ScientistsattheLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryinCaliforniafoundthatquickwalkingreducestheriskofheartdiseasemoreeffectivelythanrunning.”(研究发现，快步行走比跑步更有效地降低患心脏病的风险。)和下文将步行和跑步从几个方面进行的对比来看，散步从某些方面来看优于跑步。故选C。35．推理判断题。通读全文并结合第一段“Pilates,yogaandtherunningmachinegetalltheattentionwhenitcomestopopularwaystostayhealthy.Thereis,however,amorehumbleexercisethatmightnotbesoattractive,,buthasallthebenefits—walking.”(普拉提、瑜伽和跑步机在保持健康的流行方法方面得到了广泛关注。然而，还有一种更简单的锻炼方式，可能不那么吸引人，但却有所有的好处——散步。)可知，本文主要介绍了最简单有效的锻炼方式——步行。由此推知，该文章出自于报纸上介绍生活方式的版块。故选A。Passage11（2022秋·江苏常州·高一常州市第一中学校考期中）Theotherday,mysisterandIweresittingintherestaurant,tryingtohaveaconversation,butherchildren,four-year-oldWillowandseven-year-oldLuca,wouldnotstopfighting.Thearguments——overafork,orwhohadmorewaterinaglass--neverstopped.Thenmysisterreachedintoherhandbag,producedtwoshinyiPads,andhandedonetoeachchild.Suddenly,thetwowerequiet.Theysatplayinggamesandwatchingvideos,andwecontinuedwithourconversation.Afterourmeal,asmysisterstuffedtheiPadsbackintoherbag,shesaid,“Idon’twanttogivethemtheiPadsatthedinnertable,butiftheykeepthemoccupiedforanhoursowecaneatinpeace,Ioftenjusthandthemover.Iamafraidthatit’sbadforthem.Idoworrythatitmakesthemthinkit’sOKtouseelectronicsatthedinnertableinthefuture.”Dr.GarySmall,directoroftheLongevityCenterattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngelessaysthatthebrainishighlysensitivetostimuli(刺激物),likeiPadsandsmartphonescreen,andifpeoplespendtoomuchtimeononetechnology,andlesstimeinteracting(互动)withpeoplelikeparentsatthedinnertable,thatcouldpreventthedevelopmentofcertaincommunicationskills.“Conversationswitheachotherarethewaychildrenlearntohaveconversationswiththemselves,andlearnhowtobealone,”saidSherryTurkle,aprofessorofscience,technologyandsocietyattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Shefearsthatchildrenwhodonotlearnrealinteractions,whichoftenhaveimperfections,willcometoknowaworldwhereperfect,shinyscreensgivethemafalsesenseofintimacy(亲密)withoutrisk.However,theyneedtobeabletogatherthemselvesandknowwhotheyare.Sosomedaytheycanformarelationshipwithanotherpersonwithoutapanicofbeingalone.“Ifyoudon’tteachyourchildrentobealone,theywillonlyknowhowtobelonely,”shesaid.36．WhatdidWillowandLucafightabout?A．Littlethings.B．iPads.C．Deliciousfood.D．Interestingthings.37．Howdidtheauthor’ssisterfeelaboutofferingchildreniPads?A．SheloveddoingitverymuchB．Shewasuncertainaboutitseffects.,C．Shefeltitwasworthatry.D．Shefeltsurprisedatitseffect.38．AccordingtoDr.Small,whatshouldparentsdo?A．Providetheirchildrenwithvarioustechnologies.B．Teachtheirchildrencommunicationskills.C．Limittheirchildren’sscreentime.D．Talktotheirchildrenatthedinnertable.39．WhatisSherryTurkleworried?A．Childrenareafraidoftakingrisks.B．Childrentrytoescapefromtherealworld.C．Childrencan’tdealwithtimewhentheyhavetobealone.D．Childrencan’tlivewithoutelectronicdevices.【答案】36．A37．B38．C39．C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过实例说明了使用电子产品对孩子的影响。36．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thearguments——overafork,orwhohadmorewaterinaglass--neverstopped.(争论——关于叉子，或者谁的杯子里的水更多——从来没有停止过。)”可知，Willow和Luca因为一些小东西而争吵。故选A项。37．推理判断题。根据第三段中作者的姐妹所说“Idon’twanttogivethemtheiPadsatthedinnertable,butiftheykeepthemoccupiedforanhoursowecaneatinpeace,Ioftenjusthandthemover.Iamafraidthatit’sbadforthem.Idoworrythatitmakesthemthinkit’sOKtouseelectronicsatthedinnertableinthefuture.(我不想在餐桌上给他们iPads，但如果iPads能占用他们一个小时，这样我们就可以安静地吃饭，我通常就会把iPads给他们。我担心这对他们不好。我确实担心这会让他们认为将来在餐桌上使用电子产品是可以的。)”可以推知，她不确定提供给孩子iPads会带来什么影响。故选B项。38．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Dr.GarySmall,directoroftheLongevityCenterattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngelessaysthatthebrainishighlysensitivetostimuli(刺激物),likeiPadsandsmartphonescreen,andifpeoplespendtoomuchtimeononetechnology,andlesstimeinteracting(互动)withpeoplelikeparentsatthedinnertable,thatcouldpreventthedevelopmentofcertaincommunicationskills.(洛杉矶加利福尼亚大学长寿中心主任GarySmall博士说，大脑对刺激非常敏感，比如iPad和智能手机屏幕，如果人们在一项技术上花费太多的时间，而与餐桌上的父母互动的时间就更少了，这可能会妨碍某些沟通技能的发展。)”可以推知，Dr.Small认为，父母应该限制孩子看屏幕的时间。故选C项。,39．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Shefearsthatchildrenwhodonotlearnrealinteractions,whichoftenhaveimperfections,willcometoknowaworldwhereperfect,shinyscreensgivethemafalsesenseofintimacy(亲密)withoutrisk.(她担心，那些没有学会真实互动的孩子，他们的互动往往是不完美的，他们将会了解一个完美、闪亮的屏幕给他们一种没有风险的虚假亲密感的世界。)”以及SherryTurkle所说“Ifyoudon’tteachyourchildrentobealone,theywillonlyknowhowtobelonely.(如果你不教孩子如何独处，他们只知道如何孤独。)”可知，SherryTurkle担心，孩子们没有学会真实的互动，无法处理他们必须独处的时间。故选C项。Passage12（2022秋·河南郑州·高一郑州外国语学校校考期中）Happinessisnotawarmphone,accordingtoanewstudyexploringthelinkbetweenyounglifesatisfactionandscreentime.ThestudywasledbyprofessorofpsychologyJeanM.TwengeatSanDiegoStateUniversity(SDSU).Toresearchthislink,Twenge,alongwithcolleaguesGabrielleMartinatSDSUandW.KeithCampbellattheUniversityofGeorgia,dealtwithdatafromtheMonitoringtheFuture(MtF)study,anationallyrepresentativesurveyofmorethanamillionU.S.8th-,10th-,and12th-graders.ThesurveyaskedstudentsquestionsabouthowoftentheyspenttimeontheirPhones,tabletsandcomputers,aswellasquestionsabouttheirface-to-facesocialinteractionsandtheiroverallhappiness.Onaveragefoundthatteenswhospentmoretimeinfrontofscreendevices—playingcomputergames,usingsocialmedia,textingandvideochatting—werelesshappythanthosewhoinvestedmoretimeinnon-screenactivitieslikesports,readingnewspapersandmagazines,andface-to-facesocialinteractions."Thekeytodigitalmediauseandhappinessislimiteduse,"Twengesaid."Aimtospendnomorethantwohoursadayondigitalmedia,andtrytoincreasetheamountoftimeyouspendseeingfriendsface-to-faceandexercising—twoactivitiesreliablylinkedtogreaterhappiness."Lookingathistoricaltrendsfromthesameagegroupssincethe1990s,it'seasytofindthattheincreaseofscreendevicesovertimehappenedatthesametimeasageneraldrop-offinreportedhappinessinU.S.teens.Specifically,youngpeopledlifesatisfactionandhappinessdeclinedsharplyafter2012.That'stheyearwhenthepercentageofAmericanswhoownedasmartphoneroseabove50percent.Byfarthelargestchangeinteens'livesbetween2012and2016wastheincreaseintheamountoftimetheyspentondigitalmedia,andthefollowingdeclineinin-personsocialactivitiesandsleep.40．WhichmethoddidTwenge'steamuseforthestudy?A．Calculatingstudents'happiness.,B．Askingstudentscertainquestions.C．Analyzingdatafromasurvey.D．Doingexperimentsonscreentime.41．Howdoestheauthordevelopthefindingofthestudyinparagraph3?A．Bymakingacomparison.B．Bygivinganexample.C．Bymakinganargument.D．Byintroducingaconcept.42．Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A．Todrawaconclusionfromthestudy.B．Tooffersomeadvicetothereaders.C．Toprovesocialactivities'importance.D．Tosupporttheresearchers'finding.43．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．QuittingPhonesEqualsHappinessB．ScreenTimeShouldBeBannedC．Teens'LivesHaveChangedSharplyD．Screen-addictedTeensAreUnhappier【答案】40．C41．A42．D43．D【分析】本文是一篇说明文。一项探索年轻人生活满意度和屏幕时间之间关系的新研究表明，幸福不是一部温暖的手机，沉迷于屏幕的青少年更不快乐。40．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Toresearchthislink,Twenge,alongwithcolleaguesGabrielleMartinatSDSUandW.KeithCampbellattheUniversityofGeorgia,dealtwithdatafromtheMonitoringtheFuture(MtF)study,anationallyrepresentativesurveyofmorethanamillionU.S.8th-,10th-,and12th-graders.(为了研究这一联系，特文奇与圣地亚哥州立大学的加布里埃尔·马丁和乔治亚大学的W.KeithCampbell一起处理了来自“监控未来”（MtF）研究的数据，该研究是一项针对超过一百万名美国8年级、10年级和12年级学生的全国代表性调查)”可知，Twenge的团队通过分析一项调查的数据的方式来进行这项研究。故选C。41．推理判断题。根据第三段“Onaveragefoundthatteenswhospentmoretimeinfrontofscreendevices—playingcomputergames,usingsocialmedia,textingandvideochatting—werelesshappythanthosewho,investedmoretimeinnon-screenactivitieslikesports,readingnewspapersandmagazines,andface-to-facesocialinteractions.(研究发现，花更多时间在屏幕设备前的青少年——玩电脑游戏、使用社交媒体、发短信和视频聊天——比花更多时间在非屏幕活动（如体育运动、阅读报纸和杂志以及面对面的社会互动）的青少年更不快乐)”可知，作者是通过作比较的方式来阐述研究结果的。故选A。42．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Lookingathistoricaltrendsfromthesameagegroupssincethe1990s,it'seasytofindthattheincreaseofscreendevicesovertimehappenedatthesametimeasageneraldrop-offinreportedhappinessinU.S.teens.Specifically,youngpeopledlifesatisfactionandhappinessdeclinedsharplyafter2012.(看看自上世纪90年代以来同一年龄组的历史趋势，我们很容易发现屏幕设备随着时间的推移而增加的同时，美国青少年报告的幸福感却普遍下降。尤其是2012年后，年轻人的生活满意度和幸福感急剧下降)”可知，最后一段中的这些内容主要是为支持研究发现服务的。故选D。43．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Happinessisnotawarmphone,accordingtoanewstudyexploringthelinkbetweenyounglifesatisfactionandscreentime.(一项探索年轻人生活满意度和屏幕时间之间关系的新研究表明，幸福不是一部温暖的手机)”及对研究的具体介绍可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究发现——那些沉迷于电子屏幕的青少年明显更不快乐。故选D。Passage13（2022秋·天津西青·高一天津市西青区杨柳青第一中学校考期中）Diwali（Deepavali）isafestivaloflightsobservedinOctoberorNovembereachyearinCanada.Duringthefestival,variouscommunitygroups,businesses,schoolsandassociationscelebrateitindifferentways.SomecompanieshaveDiwalidinnersandsomecommunitiesorganizegatheringsthatfeaturefireworkdisplays,dances,streetlighting,andplays.ManywomenwearfinejewelryandsilkoutfitstocelebrateDiwali.SomewomenandgirlsuseMehendi,adyedecorationwhichcanlastalimitedtime,ontheirpalms,andthentheywillfinallygetcolorfulhandpaintings.ManyhomesthatcelebrateDiwalihavevarioustypesofsweets,saltyandspicedfoodaswellasDiwaliherbs（香料）.Variouslights,candlesandsparklersarelitinsideandoutsidehomes,particularlyincourtyards,onDiwali.DiwaliisnotanationwidepublicholidayinCanadabutitisaprevalentfestivalcelebratedinmanytownsandcities.TheremaybetrafficjamsandparkingplacesmaybefullinareaswhereeventsareheldtocelebrateDiwali.SomeIndianbusinessesmaycloseearlyonDiwali.Diwaliiscalledthe"FestivalofLights"andiscelebratedtohonorRama,aherowhooncefoughtandwonabattleagainstthedemons（恶魔）.Inthepast,peoplelittheirhousestocelebratehisvictoryoverdemons（lightoverdarkness）.Atthesametime,everyhouseholddidcarefulandcompletecleaningathomeinadvance.Itis,believedthatthegoddessofhappinessandgoodfortune,LakshmitravelsaroundtheEarthonthisdayandentersthehousethatispure,clean,andbright.Diwalicelebrationsmayvaryindifferentcommunitiesbutitsspiritualmeaningisgenerally"theawarenessoftheinnerlight".Astheword“Deepavali”means“aroworclusteroflight”,thefestivalsymbolizesthevictoryofrighteousnessandtheliftingofspiritualdarkness.44．WhatcanwelearnaboutDiwalifromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Itiscelebratedonafixedday.B．Itcentersonvariouslocalfood.C．PeoplestayuplatetoprepareforIt.D．Peoplefromallwalksoflifeenjoycelebratingit.45．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"prevalent"inParagraph2probablymean?A．Popular.B．Free.C．Serious.D．Funny.46．AccordingtoParagraph3,whydidpeoplemaketheirhousesbrightandcleanonDiwali?A．Toprayforgoodjourney.B．Toexpectjoyandgoodluck.C．Tocreatearomanticatmosphere.D．Towelcometheirfriendstovisit.47．What'sthepresentmeaningofDiwali?A．Showingrespectforothers.B．Stayingstraightandpositive.C．Valuingyourfamilymembers.D．Improvingyourlivingenvironment.48．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Tostresstheimportanceofapublicholiday.B．TotellaninterestingstoryaboutaCanadianfestival.C．TobrieflyintroduceatraditionalfestivalinCanada.D．ToshowdifferentholidaycelebrationsinWesterncultures.【答案】44．D45．A46．B47．B48．C,【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大的一个传统节日——排灯节。44．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Duringthefestival,variouscommunitygroups,businesses,schoolsandassociationscelebrateitindifferentways.(在节日期间，不同的社区团体、企业、学校和协会以不同的方式庆祝它。)”以及第二段中“DiwaliisnotanationwidepublicholidayinCanadabutitisaprevalentfestivalcelebratedinmanytownsandcities.(排灯节不是加拿大全国性的公共节日，但却是许多城镇prevalent庆祝的节日。)”可以推知，各行各业的人都喜欢庆祝排灯节。故选D项。45．词句猜测题。根据第二段中划线词句前一句“Variouslights,candlesandsparklersarelitinsideandoutsidehomes,particularlyincourtyards,onDiwali.(在排灯节上，各种各样的灯、蜡烛和火花在室内外被点燃，特别是在庭院里。)”可知，排灯节时，到处都是灯火，再根据划线词句“DiwaliisnotanationwidepublicholidayinCanadabutitisaprevalentfestivalcelebratedinmanytownsandcities.(排灯节不是加拿大全国性的公共节日，但却是许多城镇prevalent庆祝的节日。)”转折的语义可知，Diwali(排灯节)虽然不是公共节日，但是许多城镇，家家户户，室内室外到处都在欢喜地庆祝节日，划线词汇prevalent应是“具有公众性的；普遍性的”的意思，选项A“普遍的；受欢迎的”与之意义最为接近，故选A项。46．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Atthesametime,everyhouseholddidcarefulandcompletecleaningathomeinadvance.Itisbelievedthatthegoddessofhappinessandgoodfortune,LakshmitravelsaroundtheEarthonthisdayandentersthehousethatispure,clean,andbright.(与此同时，家家户户都提前在家里做了细致彻底的大扫除。人们相信，幸福和好运女神Lakshmi在这一天环游地球，进入纯净、干净和明亮的房子。)”可知，人们在排灯节把房子打扫得又亮又干净是期待快乐和好运。故选B项。47．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Astheword‘Deepavali’means‘aroworclusteroflight’,thefestivalsymbolizesthevictoryofrighteousnessandtheliftingofspiritualdarkness.(因为‘Deepavali’这个词的意思是‘一排或一簇光’，这个节日象征着正义的胜利和精神黑暗的解除。)”可知，排灯节现在的意义是保持正直和积极的态度和精神。故选B项。48．推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Diwali（Deepavali）isafestivaloflightsobservedinOctoberorNovembereachyearinCanada.(排灯节是加拿大每年10月或11月的灯节。)”等可知，本文写作目的是简要介绍了加拿大的一个传统节日——排灯节。故选C项。Passage14（2022秋·北京·高一校考期中）Part-timejobsfor15and16yearsoldsWaiter/Waitress,Ajobasawaiterorwaitressisagoodchoicefor16-year-olds.Notonlycanoneearn$9-$12anhour,buttheycanalsogetthetips(小费).Mostpeoplethatvisitarestaurantdon’tjusthavegoodfood.Theycomeheretorelaxandhaveagoodtime.Besidesservingfoodquickly,ayoungwaiterwhotalkstothempolitelywithasmileonhisfacewillmakethedinersenjoytheirtimeattherestaurant.WorkinalibraryIfoneisfondofbooks,workinginalibraryisanothersuitablechoice.Besidesthepayisgood,itoffersalotoffreetimewhenstudentscanactuallysitdownandfinishtheirhomework.Soonreturninghome,theywouldhavetimetohangaroundwithfriendsorjustrelax.Soworkinginalibraryisanexcellentpart-timejobforteens,especiallyforschoolstudents.InternetjobsTherearemanywaysofmakingmoneythroughonlinejobslikeclickingonadvertisements,visitingsitesandsigningupwiththem.However,suchonlinejobsdon’tpaywell.AbetterInternetjobforteensistocompleteonlinesurveys.Thesearequitesimplesurveysthatusuallyaskoneabouthis/heropinionsandideas.Manycompaniesusetheseideastomakeproductsdesignedforteenagers.49．Astudentwhoisbusywithhisresearchpaperwillprobablychoosetowork______.A．inarestaurantB．inalibraryC．ontheInternetD．inanITcompany50．Thewriterwrotethistextto______.A．tellustheimportanceofdoingpart-timejobsB．adviseteenagershowtochooseapart-timejobC．teachyoungpeoplehowtomakelotsofmoneyD．introducehis/herexperienceofdoingpart-timejobs51．Whydosomecompaniesasktheteenstodosurveys?A．Theteenshavemorefreetime.B．Theycanpaylesstotheteens.C．Theyneedadvicetomakeproductsforteens.,D．Theteensusuallyexpresstheirtrueopinions.【答案】49．B50．B51．C【分析】本文是说明文。这篇文章是为了给年轻人一些怎么做兼职工作的建议，包括服务员，图书馆的工作，和网络的工作。介绍了适合这些工作的人和如何做好这些工作。49．细节理解题。根据文章Workinalibrary部分中的Ifoneisfondofbooks,workinginalibraryisanothersuitablechoice.Besidesthepayisgood,itoffersalotoffreetimewhenstudentscanactuallysitdownandfinishtheirhomework.（如果一个人喜欢读书，在图书馆工作是另一个合适的选择。除了工资高，它还提供了很多自由时间，学生们可以坐下来完成作业）可知，忙于论文的学生可能会选择在图书馆上班。故选B。50．推理判断题。根据文章的内容和标题Part-timejobsfor15and16yearsolds（15岁和16岁的兼职工作）可知，作者写这篇文章是为了给年轻人一些怎么做兼职工作的建议。故选B。51．细节理解题。根据文章Internetjobs部分中的AbetterInternetjobforteensistocompleteonlinesurveys.Thesearequitesimplesurveysthatusuallyaskoneabouthis/heropinionsandideas.Manycompaniesusetheseideastomakeproductsdesignedforteenagers.（对青少年来说，更好的网络工作是完成在线调查。这些是非常简单的调查，通常询问一个人的意见和想法。许多公司利用这些想法来为青少年设计产品）可知，公司让年轻人做调查是他们需要给年轻人做产品的建议。故选C。Passage15（2023春·江西宜春·高一校考期中）HermanMelvile,thewriterofthefamouswhalestoryMobyDick,oncewrotethathumpbackwhaleswere“themostlightheartedofallthewhales.”Knowntobeintelligentanimalsandcanbeseenworkingtogethertohuntschoolsofsmallfish,humpbacksareafavoriteofwhalewatcherseverywhere.And,ifyoulistenclosely,youmightevenhearonesinging.Marine（海洋）biologistJimDarlinghasstudiedthesongsofhumpbackwhalesformorethan25years.WhilerecordingwhalesongsonaboatnearHawaii,heinvitedauthorDouglasChadwicktoexperiencedivingwithahumpback.Inthewater,Chadwickheardthewhale’ssongsinawayheneverheardthembefore.“Suddenly,Inolongerheardthewhale’svoiceinmyears,”hesaid.“Ifeltitinsidemyheadandbones.”Whenswimmingwiththewhale,Chadwickcouldseethatthewhalewasawareofhim,butnotalarmedbyhispresence.Upintheboat,Darlingrecordedthewhale’ssong,whichcanbelongandcomplex,sometimeslastingfor30minutesormore.Actually,theyareperhapsthelongestsongssungbyanyanimal.Darlingsaysthatonlymalehumpbackssing,butforunknownreasons,itwaspreviouslythoughtthattheysang,toattractfemales,butscientistsshowedthiswasincorrectwhentheyplayedrecordingsofwhalesongsintheoceanandthefemalewhalesdidnotrespond.Anotherideaisthatmalehumpbackscompetewitheachotherusingsongs,justasothermaleanimalsonlanddousingtheirhornsorsharpteeth.Researchershavealsofoundthathumpbackwhalesongsaredifferentindifferentpartsoftheworld,perhapslikewhalenationalsongs.Theymayalsobelikehittunesontheradio,changingovertime—fromoneyeartothenext,orevenoverasinglebreedingseasonwhentheyproduceyoung.Anothermemberoftheresearchteam,photographerFlipNicklin,recallsaspecialmomenthehadwhileinteractingwithahumpback.Whilehewassnorkeling(潜水)somedistancefromthehugeanimal,itapproachedhimuntilitwasjustafewmetresaway.ItthengentlycarriedNicklintowardsitseyewithaflipper(鳍肢),asifexaminehim.Obviously,theurgetounderstandadifferentspeciesgoesbothways.52．Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A．Howtorecordthehumpbacksintheocean.B．Howhumpbackscommunicatewithpeople.C．Humpbacksongsandwhattheymightmean.D．thecareerofamanwhoisinterestedinhumpbacks.53．Whenthescientistsplayedsongsintheocean,________.A．thesongsattractedfishB．nofemalewhalescameC．malewhalesbecameangryD．maleandfemalewhalescametogether54．WhatisNOTtrueabouthumpbackwhales?A．Theirsongsareshortandsimple.B．Onlymalehumpbackwhalessing.C．Humpbackwhalesareveryfriendly.D．Theyarepopularwithwhalewatchers.55．WhatdoChadwickandNicklinhaveincommon?A．Theywereafraidofwhales.B．Theyswamwiththewhales.C．Theirjobsaretotakephotosofthewhales.D．Theyaremarinebiologistsstudyingwhales.【答案】52．C53．B54．A55．B【分析】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了座头鲸的歌声以及其歌声的意义。52．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，讲述了座头鲸的歌声及其歌声的意义。故选C。53．细节理解题。由文章的第3段butscientistsshowedthiswasincorrectwhentheyplayedrecordingsofwhalesongsintheoceanandthefemalewhalesdidnotrespond.,可知，当科学家们在海洋中播放鲸鱼叫声的录音时，发现这种说法是错误的，因为雌性鲸鱼没有反应。故选B。54．细节理解题。由第2段中Darlingrecordedthewhale’ssong,whichcanbelongandcomplex,sometimeslastingfor30minutesormore.Actually,theyareperhapsthelongestsongssungbyanyanimal.（达林录制了鲸鱼的歌声，这首歌可以很长很复杂，有时会持续30分钟甚至更长时间。事实上，它们可能是所有动物唱的最长的歌。）可知，座头鲸的歌声长且复杂。A错误，故选A。55．细节理解题。由第2段中Whenswimmingwiththewhale,Chadwickcouldseethatthewhalewasawareofhim,和最后一段第1句Anothermemberoftheresearchteam,photographerFlipNicklin,recallsaspecialmomenthehadwhileinteractingwithahumpback.可知，他们的共同点是“他们和鲸鱼一起游泳。”故选B项。Passage16（2022春·上海静安·高一校考期中）Muchdiscussedandrarelyachievedinfull,work-lifebalanceisanelusiveprizeinmodernprofessionalculture.Whileitcandependgreatlyontheprioritiesandvaluesofanindividualandtheirmanager,somejobsprovidestrongopportunitiesforthoselookingtocombineafulfillingcareerwithathrivingpersonallife.“Work-lifebalanceisnotasituationanymorewhereyou’reatworkandthenyou’reathome,it’smorethisbalancingbetweenthetwo,”saidLaurenGriffin,seniorvicepresidentofAdeccoStaffingU.S.Toppingthelistofjobsthatprovidestrongwork-lifebalanceisdatascientist.AccordingtoIBM,“Adatascientistrepresentsanevolutionfromthebusinessordataanalystrole.”IBMnotesthatwhiletheformaltrainingincomputerscienceandapplications,modeling,statistics,analyticsandmathforthesejobsissimilar,“Whatsetsthedatascientistapartisstrongbusinessacumen,coupledwiththeabilitytocommunicatefindingstobothbusinessandITleadersinawaythatcaninfluencehowanorganizationapproachesabusinesschallenge.”StanAhalt,directoroftheRenaissanceComputingInstituteatUNCChapelHill,saidthatthestrongdemandfordatascientists,coupledwiththeanemicsupplyoftheseprofessionalscurrentlyavailableintalentpipelines,islikelycreatingasituationwherecompanieswillgoaboveandbeyondtoattracttherighttalent.“Thedemandforpeoplewhoareabletoanalyzemassiveamountsofdataandextractactionabledecisionshasreallyblossomed,”saidAhalt.“Thepeoplewhoarebeinghiredarebeinghighlysought-after,soIsuspectthey’regettingrelativelygoodoffers,andoffersthatincludeflexibilityintheirhoursandlocationssimplybecausetherearemanymorejobsthantherearepeople.”Thelistisalsodiverseandrepresentativeofabroadspectrumofoccupations,withpart-timeandseasonaljobslikelifeguardandsubstituteteacherholdingspots,aswellascorporatejobsandskilledtrades.,Andforjob-seekersorthoseplanningacareerchangewhowanttoprioritizework-lifebalanceintheirnextrole,Griffinsaidthemostimportantstepisidentifyingyourgreatestpersonalcommitmentsoyoucantargetajobthat’saccommodatingbynature,oranemployerthatwillworkwithyoutoreachasolution.“Youneedtodefinewhat’snon-negotiableforyou,”saidGriffin.“What’sthatspecificthingthatyouknowyouneedsomebalancefor,isitdroppingyourkidsoff,ortakingyourmothertoadoctor’sappointmenttwiceamonth?Whatarethosekeypointsforyou?Becausethenyoucanhaveamoreopenconversationwithyouremployer.”56．Ajobofwork-lifebalanceissuitableforthose____.A．whogainaprizeinprofessionalcultureB．whosemanagerscareabouttheirprioritiesandvaluesC．whoexpectsatisfactionfrombothcareerandpersonallifeD．whoprefertoworkanytimeandanywhereattheirwills57．"Thesejobs"inthethirdparagraphindicatejobs____.A．inthelistwhichprovidestronglife-workbalanceB．ofthedatascientists,thebusinessanalystandthedataanalystC．thatrequirestrongbusinesssenseandcommunicationskillsD．thatinfluencenewbusinesschallengeofanorganization58．Datascientistsarepeoplewho____.A．areprofessionalslikelytocreateanewsituationintalentpipelinesB．cananalyzemassiveamountsofdataandextraactionabledecisionsC．haverelativelygoodoffersincludingflexibilityintheirhoursandlocationsD．aremoredemandedthanpart-timelifeguardsandsubstituteteachers59．Forjob-seekerswhowanttohighlightworklifebalance,they____.A．mustbeverycommittedtothetargetedjobpersonallyB．havetosupportemployersdecisionswithoutnegotiationC．shouldfirstdecidewhatthebalanceisneededforD．shoulddropkidsoffontimeandtakecareofmothers【答案】56．C57．B58．B59．C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些希望将充实的职业生涯和欣欣向荣的个人生活结合起来的人工作。,56．推断判断题。根据第一段中Whileitcandependgreatlyontheprioritiesandvaluesofanindividualandtheirmanager,somejobsprovidestrongopportunitiesforthoselookingtocombineafulfillingcareerwithathrivingpersonallife.可知，虽然它在很大程度上取决于个人和他们的经理的优先级和价值观，但有些工作为那些希望将充实的职业生涯和欣欣向荣的个人生活结合起来的人提供了强大的机会。由此可知，工作与生活平衡的工作适合那些希望从事业和个人生活中得到满足的人。故选C项。57．词义猜测题。根据第三段中提到AccordingtoIBM,“Adatascientistrepresentsanevolutionfromthebusinessordataanalystrole.”IBMnotesthatwhiletheformaltrainingincomputerscienceandapplications,modeling,statistics,analyticsandmathforthesejobsissimilar,可知，根据IBM的说法，“数据科学家代表了业务或数据分析师角色的演进。”IBM指出，虽然这些工作在计算机科学和应用、建模、统计、分析和数学方面的正规培训是类似的。由此可知，thesejobs(这些工作)就是指：数据科学家，业务分析师和数据分析师。故选B项。58．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Thedemandforpeoplewhoareabletoanalyzemassiveamountsofdataandextractactionabledecisionshasreallyblossomed,”saidAhalt.可知，阿豪特说：“对那些能够分析大量数据并做出可操作决策的人的需求真的增长了。”由此可知，数据科学家（datascientist）是能够分析大量数据和额外可操作决策的人。故选B项。59．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的What’sthatspecificthingthatyouknowyouneedsomebalancefor,isitdroppingyourkidsoff,ortakingyourmothertoadoctor’sappointmenttwiceamonth?Whatarethosekeypointsforyou?可知，你知道你需要平衡的具体事情是什么，是送孩子回家，还是一个月带你妈妈去看两次医生？这些关键点是什么？由此可知，对于那些想要强调工作和生活的平衡的求职者来说，他们首先应该决定平衡是为了什么。故选C项。Passage17（2022秋·江西南昌·高一校考期中）IntheongoingbattlebetweenTigerMoms,FrenchMamas,andeveryoneelsewhowantstoknowwhatisthebestwaytoraisetheirkids,anewstudyaddsevidencethattheextremeTiger-stylemaydomoreharmthangood.Authoritarianparentsaremorelikelytoendupwithdisrespectfulchildrenwithviolentbehaviors,thestudyfound,comparedtoparentswholistentotheirkidswiththegoalofgainingtrust.Itwasthefirststudytolookathowparentingstylesaffectthewayteensviewtheirparentsand,inturn,howtheybehave.Thestudyconsideredthreegeneralstylesofparenting.Authoritativeparentsaredemandingandcontrollingwhilealsobeingwarmandsensitivetotheirchildren’sneeds.Authoritarianparents,onthecontrary,aredemandingandcontrollingwithouttheappearanceofcaring,attachmentandreceptiveness.Theytakea“mywayor,thehighway”approachtotheirkids.Permissiveparents,thethirdgroup,havewarmandreceptivequalities,buttheysetfewboundariesandcarryoutfewrules.Usingdataonearly600kidsfromanongoingstudyofmiddleschoolandhighschoolstudentsinNewHampshire,researchersfromtheUniversityofNewHampshirewereabletofind“mywayorthehighway”parentingwithmoreviolentbehaviorslikerobbery,drug-taking,andattackingsomeoneelsewiththeintentionofhurtingorkilling.Firmbutlovingparenting,ontheotherhand,ledtofewerlawbreakers.Permissiveparenting,surprisingly,didn’tseemtomakemuchofadifferenceeither.Toexplainthelinkbetweenparentingstyleandbehaviorinkids,theresearcherssuggestedthatwhatmattersmostishowreasonablekidsthinktheirparents’poweris.Thissensecomeswhenkidstrustthattheirparentsaremakingthebestdecisionsforthemandbelievethattheyneedtodowhattheirparentssayeveniftheydon’talwayslikehowtheirparentsaretreatingthem.Whenkidsrespectthepoweroftheirparents,theresearchersreportedinthejournalofAdolescence,theirbehaviorisbetter.Previousresearchhasalsolinkedfirmbutcaringparentingwithkidswhohavemoreself-controlandindependence.“Whenchildrenconsidertheirparentstobethereliablefigure,theytrusttheparentsandfeelthattheyhaveadutytodowhattheirparentstellthemtodo,”saidleadresearcherPickTrinkner.“Thisisveryimportantastheparentdoesn’thavetorelyonasystemofrewardsandpunishmentstocontrolbehaviorandthechildismorelikelytofollowtheruleswhentheparentisnotphysicallypresent.”60．TigerMomsandFrenchMamasarementionedinthefirstparagraphto________.A．giveanexampleofauthoritarianparentingB．showtheadvantageofparentingC．comparetwotypesofparentingD．introducethetopic61．Accordingtotheresearch,whatkindofparentingstyleislikelytocausechildren’scriminalbehaviors?A．Caringparenting.B．Permissiveparenting.C．Authoritarianparenting.D．Authoritativeparenting.62．Whichofthefollowingprobablybelongstotheactionofthepermissiveparents?A．Allowingthekidstostayuplateatweekendsasthekidslike.B．Beatingthekidsifthekidsdon’tfollowtheirinstructions.C．Refusingtolistentothekid’srequestsanddemands.D．Settingsomerulesandcheckingthekids’behaviors.,63．Accordingtothepassage,childrenaremorelikelytoobeytheruleswhen________.A．theirparentslistentothemtotallyB．theybelieveinandaccepttheirparentsC．theirparentsaresensitivetotheirneedsD．theirparentsdemandandcontroltheirbehaviors【答案】60．D61．C62．A63．B【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述专制父母和宽容父母在教育孩子上的利与弊。60．推理判断题。根据第一段中IntheongoingbattlebetweenTigerMoms,FrenchMamas,andeveryoneelsewhowantstoknowwhatisthebestwaytoraisetheirkids,anewstudyaddsevidencethattheextremeTiger-stylemaydomoreharmthangood.“在“虎妈”、“法国妈妈”和其他想知道什么是最好的养育孩子的方式之间持续不断的斗争中，一项新的研究进一步证明，极端的“虎妈”式教育可能弊大于利。”可知，第一段提到了虎妈和法国妈妈是为了引入本文话题。故选D项。61．细节理解题。根据第二段中Authoritarianparents,onthecontrary,aredemandingandcontrollingwithouttheappearanceofcaring,attachmentandreceptiveness.Theytakea“mywayorthehighway”approachtotheirkids.（而专制的父母则相反，他们要求和控制孩子，而不表现出关心、依恋和接受能力。他们对孩子采取“我说了算”的方式。）再根据第三段researchersfromtheUniversityofNewHampshirewereabletofind“mywayorthehighway”parentingwithmoreviolentbehaviorslikerobbery,drug-taking,andattackingsomeoneelsewiththeintentionofhurtingorkilling.可知，根据研究，专制型的的父母教养方式会导致孩子的犯罪行为。故选C项。62．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句Permissiveparents,thethirdgroup,havewarmandreceptivequalities,buttheysetfewboundariesandcarryoutfewrules.（第三类是宽容的父母，他们热情随和，但他们很少设限，也很少执行规则。）可知，“允许孩子们在周末晚睡”可能属于宽容父母的行为。故选A项。63．推理判断题。根据第四段中Thissensecomeswhenkidstrustthattheirparentsaremakingthebestdecisionsforthemandbelievethattheyneedtodowhattheirparentssayeveniftheydon’talwayslikehowtheirparentsaretreatingthem.Whenkidsrespectthepoweroftheirparents,theresearchersreportedinthejournalofAdolescence,theirbehaviorisbetter.（当孩子们相信他们的父母正在为他们做最好的决定，相信他们需要做父母所说的，即使他们并不总是喜欢父母对待他们的方式，这种感觉就会产生。研究人员在《青少年期刊》上报告称，当孩子们尊重父母的权力时，他们的行为会更好。）可知，根据文章，当他们相信和接受他们的父母时，孩子们更有可能遵守规则。故选B项。,【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,conclude  indicate等标志性词语。这种题型主要包括细节判断题、态度观点推断题、写作意图推断题、文章出处判断题和猜测想象推断题。本题第3小题，根据第二段最后一句Permissiveparents,thethirdgroup,havewarmandreceptivequalities,buttheysetfewboundariesandcarryoutfewrules.“第三类是宽容的父母，他们热情随和，但他们很少设限，也很少执行规则。”由此可知，“允许孩子们在周末晚睡”可能属于宽容父母的行为。故选A项。Passage18（2023春·江苏淮安·高一统考期中）ThemanwhoinventedtheWorldWideWebafewdecadesagoiscallingformajorchangestomakeitbetterforhumans.InanopenletterpublishedonTuesday,Berners-Leesaidthatthewebwasusedbyhalftheworld'spopulation.Berners-Leesaidthewebhadclearlycreatedgreatopportunitiesforhumanstoprogressandmadelifeeasierformillionsofpeople.Actually,italsohasofferedopportunitiestogroupswhotraditionallycannothearanewvoiceinsociety.However,headdedthatthewebhadalsoprovidednewwaysforcheatstocarryoutcrimes(犯罪).“Againstthebackdropofnewsstoriesabouthowthewebismisused,it'sunderstandablethatmanypeoplefeelafraidandunsureifthewebisreallyaforceforgood,”hewrote.Berners-LeecreatedagroupcalledtheWorldWideWebFoundation.Heislookingforhelpfromgovernments,companiesandpeopletobecomemoreinvolvedinshapingthewebtodomoregoodforhumans.Hisactualplaniscalledthe“Contract(合同)fortheWeb”.Underthiscontract,governmentsarecalledontotakestepstomakesureallpeoplecanconnecttotheInternetandthatpersonalprivacyisrespected.BusinessesareaskedtokeeptheInternetpriceslowsomorepeoplecanusetheweb.Inaddition,companiesshouldrespectprivacyanddeveloptechnologiesthataimtoputpeoplefirst.Theplanalsocallsonpeopletocreatematerialsforthewebandworkwithotherstomakesurethatthereisrich,qualityinformationforeveryone.Besides,peopleshouldseekto“buildstrongcommunitiesthatrespectpersonalspeechandhumanequality.”“ThepathtomaketheInternetbetteristheresponsibilityofeveryonewhousesit,”Berners-Leeadded,“makingbigchangeswillnotbeeasy,butwillbeverywellworthitintheend.”64．WhatdoesBerners-LeethinkoftheWorldWideWeb?A．Itdoesmoreharmthangood.,B．Itstopstheprogressofhumans.C．Itishisgreatestregret.D．Itneedsimproving.65．What'swrongwiththewebaccordingtoBerners-Lee?A．Itismisunderstoodbyallpeople.B．Itismisusedforbadpurposes.C．Itblocksoutanewvoiceinsociety.D．Itisexpensiveforhalftheworld'spopulation.66．Whataregovernmentscalledontodounderthe“ContractfortheWeb”?A．Puttechnologyfirst.B．Creatematerialsfortheweb.C．PopularizetheInternet.D．MaketheInternetfreeofcharge.67．WhatshouldpeopledowiththeInternetinBerners-Lee'sopinion?A．Beresponsibleforit.B．Absolutelyrejectit.C．Completelyrelyonit.D．Beunconcernedaboutit.【答案】64．D65．B66．C67．A【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了在互联网发明30年之际，互联网创始人Berners-Lee呼吁大家对互联网进行改革，使其真正造福人类。64．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ThemanwhoinventedtheWorldWideWebafewdecadesagoiscallingformajorchangestomakeitbetterforhumans.(几十年前发明了万维网的人呼吁进行重大变革，让万维网更好地造福人类)”可知，伯纳斯-李认为万维网需要进行改进提升。故选D。65．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However,headdedthatthewebhadalsoprovidednewwaysforcheatstocommitcrimes(犯罪).(不过，他补充称，网络也为骗子提供了新的途径犯罪)”可知，伯纳斯-李认为万维网被用于不好的目的。故选B。66．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Underthiscontract,governmentsarecalledontotakestepstomakesureallpeoplecanconnecttotheInternetandthatpersonalprivacyisrespected.(根据这项协议，各国政府应采取措施，确保所有人都能使用互联网，个人隐私得到尊重)”可知，这项协议呼吁政府普及互联网，让个人隐私得到尊重。故选C。