山西省长治市2022-2023学年高一英语下学期7月期末试题（Word版附解析）

高一英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试题相应的位置。2.全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试题上无效。3.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案用0.5mm黑色笔迹签字笔写在答题卡上。4.考试结束后，将本试题和答题卡一并交回。5.考试时间120分钟，满分150分。第一部分听力(共两节，满分15分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatisthevolunteerexpectedtobe?A.Afootballer.B.Atranslator.C.Acoach.2.WhatwillMikedoafterschool?A.Takearide.B.Teachscience.C.Doanexperiment.3.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeel?A.Curious.B.Happy.C.Disappointed.4.WhydoesStanorganiseafund-raising?A.Todonatebooks.B.Tohelpschoolrebuilding.C.Toencouragehisclassmatestoworkhard.5.Wherearethespeakersprobably?,A.Inthestreet.B.Inthemuseum.C.Intheclassroom.第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。6.What’swrongwiththewoman?A.Sheissleeplessness.B.Shehasgotaheadache.C.Shehasapaininhereyes.7.Howlongdoesthewomanspendonhersmartphoneinaday?A.2hours.B.12hours.C.14hours.8.Whatisthedoctor’sadvice?A.Usesomemedicine.B.Haveanoperation.C.Stopusingthesmartphone.听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。9.Howdoesthewomandealwithherbackpackbeforeshehangsout?A.Takeitwithher.B.Placeitinherroom.C.Leaveitatthefrontdesk.10.Wherewillthewomanprobablygo?A.Artgallery.B.Scienceexhibition.C.Placesofinterest.11.Howwillthewomangettotheairport?A.Bysubway.B.Bybus.C.Bytaxi.听第8段材料，回答第12至15题。12.WhydopeoplechooseCityTours?A.Theycanenjoydifferentviews.B.Theycanbuyspecialsouvenirs.C.Theycandesigntheirowntours.13.Howmuchdoesa10-year-oldchildneedtopay?,A.$9.B.$18.C.Free.14.Whattimedoesthebusstart?A.AT8:00AM.B.At8:30AM.C.At8:30PM.15.Whatdoesthespeakerprobablydo?A.Atravelagent.B.Abusdriver.C.Ashopmanager.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分60分)第一节(共l5小题;每小题3分，满分45分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheInternationalFederationofInventors’Associations(IFIA)holdsaround50eventseveryyear.Hereistheinformationofsomeupcomingevents.KoreaInternationalWomen’sInventionExhibition(KIWIE)KIWIEistrulyoneandonlyfestivalcelebratingwomeninventorsandinventionsintheworld,whichhasdriventhegrowthofwomeninventorsathomeandabroad.Thisyear,KIWIE2023willbeheldonlineandofflinesothatyoucanviewthesiteandtheonlineexhibitionhallatthesametime.Date:July20(Thurs)—22(Sat),2023Place:Hall4,ExhibitionCenter1,KINTEXInternationalInventionInnovationCompetitioninCanada(iCAN)iCAN2022lastyearfeaturedmorethan720inventionsfrom81countriesaroundtheworldandwasatrueglobalstageforworldwidecreativityandinnovation.Thisyearisaspecialonlineedition.Youcansendyourapplicationformandvideofilebefore10thAugust2023byemail.Date:August26(Sat),2023Website:www.tisias.orgMacao(China)InternationalInnovationandInventionExhibitionExpo(MiiEX),MiiEXisthefirstandonlycontestshowingvariousinventionsandnewproductsthatareintendedtogotothemarket.MiiEXoffersaplatformforcommunicationamonguniversitystudentsandinventors,throughwhichstudentswillgetinspirationfrominteractionamongparticipants.Date:October27(Fri)—29(Sun),2023Place:CotaiExpoHallD,TheVenetianMacao(China)—OnlineandOfflineExhibitionMalaysiaTechnologyExhibition(MTE)MTEfocusesonrecognizinginventions,programmesandideaswhichcontributetosustainability,reducingpoverty,improvingareacooperation,protectingourplanet,andbuildingpeace.Theawardsespeciallyencouragethedevelopmentoflocalsolutionstolocalchallenges.Date:October17(Tues)—21(Sun),2023VirtualEvent:www.mte.org.myPlace:KualaLumpurCityCenter.1.Whichofthefollowingeventsisonlyavailableonlinethisyear?A.KIWIE.B.iCAN.C.MiiEX.D.MTE.2.WhocanbenefitfromMiiEXaccordingtothetext?A.Macaopeople.B.Marketmanagers.C.Womeninventors.D.Universitystudents.3.WhatinventionsaremorelikelytobeawardedinMTE?A.Low-costinventions.B.High-techinventions.C.World-wideinventions.D.Local-relatedinventions.【答案】1.B2.D3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章指出国际发明家协会联合会（IFIA）每年举办大约50场活动。文章介绍了四个即将举行的活动的信息。【1题详解】,细节理解题。根据InternationalInventionInnovationCompetitioninCanada(iCAN)部分中“Thisyearisaspecialonlineedition.Youcansendyourapplicationformandvideofilebefore10thAugust2023byemail.(今年是特别的网络版。您可以在2023年8月10日前通过电子邮件发送您的申请表格和视频文件。)”可知，iCAN活动是今年只在网上开放。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Macao(China)InternationalInnovationandInventionExhibitionExpo(MiiEX)部分中“MiiEXoffersaplatformforcommunicationamonguniversitystudentsandinventors,throughwhichstudentswillgetinspirationfrominteractionamongparticipants.(MiiEX为大学生和发明家提供了一个交流的平台，学生可以从参与者之间的互动中获得灵感。)”可知，该活动的受益者为大学生。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据MalaysiaTechnologyExhibition(MTE)部分中“Theawardsespeciallyencouragethedevelopmentoflocalsolutionstolocalchallenges.(该奖项特别鼓励针对当地挑战制定当地解决方案。)”可知，与本土有关系的致力于解决当地挑战的方案更有可能获奖。故选D。BNeudyRojop,29,looksacrosstherough,rockyroadinthesmallruralvillageofSanRafaelPacaya.Itleadstothehomewhereshegrewupandwhereshestilllivestoday.WhenRojopwasabout10,hercousin,Carlos,wasverysick.Withoutanylocalclinics(诊所),Rojop’sfamilycouldn’tevenfigureoutwhatthediseasewas.Theycoulddonothingbutwait.Growingup,shenoticedhowfrequentlymanyofthosearoundherweregettingsick.Asateenager,shestartedtorealizehercommunityneededbetterchancetohealthcare.Soshedeterminedtogotoanursingschool.Buthervisionwasbeyondbeinganurse.Aftergraduation,sherealizedonepersonwasnotenoughtomakethecommunitybetter.“Thepeopleheremayhavecommondiseases,”shethought.“Someareknown.Buttheremaybenewdiseasesthatwedon’tknowabout.”Shewantedtodosomethingtokeepanyillnessfrombeingathreatinthefirstplace.Shewantedtotrainpeopleanddosomeresearchtomonitortheseillnessesandtrytoprovideearlyactions,ortryoutnewwaystopreventsomeofthem.Overthenextfewyears,sheandasmallteambroughthervisiontolife.Theyprovidedmeasuresthatcouldlimitthepossiblerisks.Olson,oneofhercolleagues,recalled,“Shehaszeroclinicalexperienceandzeroresearchexperienceatfirst,butnowsheisasuperstarhere.Herworkingplaceisusuallybusywithabout300patientspermonth.”NowRojopstartsherdayswithamorningmeeting,makingdecisions,solvingproblemsandsettingprioritieswithherteammates.“Inthepast,IwassoyoungthatIcoulddonothingformycommunity,”shesays.“ButnowI,canhelpbecauseIknowhow.”4.WhatinspiredRojoptogotoanursingschool?A.Afuturewell-paidjob.B.Herpoorfamilybackground.C.Theneedofcommunityhealthcare.D.Herchildhoodexperiencesofbeingsick.5.WhatwasRojop’svisionaftergraduation?A.Buildingmorelocalhospitals.B.Actingasaprofessionalnurse.C.Preventingdiseasesthroughearlyactions.D.Providingbettereducationfortheschoolkids.6.WhatcanbeinferredfromOlson’swordsinParagraph4?A.Rojophasbeenacceptedwidely.B.Rojoplacksworkingexperience.C.Rojopenjoysbeingbroughtintofocus.D.Rojophasn’tsatisfiedpublicexpectations.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthequalityofRojop?A.Frank.B.Flexible.C.Determined.D.Generous.【答案】4C5.C6.A7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了NeudyRojop的故事，因为意识到所在社区医疗保健的需求，她去了护理学校上学，但她不想局限于做一名护士，毕业后她积极工作实现了通过早期行动来预防疾病的想法。4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Asateenager,shestartedtorealizehercommunityneededbetterchancetohealthcare.Soshedeterminedtogotoanursingschool.”（十几岁的时候，她开始意识到她的社区需要更好的医疗保健机会。所以她决定去一所护理学校。）可知，社区医疗保健的需求促使Rojop去上护理学校。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Shewantedtodosomethingtokeepanyillnessfrombeingathreatinthefirstplace.Shewantedtotrainpeopleanddosomeresearchtomonitortheseillnessesandtrytoprovideearlyactions,ortryoutnewwaystopreventsomeofthem.”,（她想做点什么，让疾病从一开始就不构成威胁。她想培训人们，做一些研究来监测这些疾病，并尝试提供早期行动，或者尝试新的方法来预防其中一些疾病。）可知，毕业后Rojop的构想是通过早期行动预防疾病。故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中Olson的话“Shehaszeroclinicalexperienceandzeroresearchexperienceatfirst,butnowsheisasuperstarhere.Herworkingplaceisusuallybusywithabout300patientspermonth.”（她一开始没有临床经验，也没有研究经验，但现在她是这里的超级明星。她的工作场所通常每个月都要接待大约300名患者。）可知，Rojop现在非常有经验，会接待非常多的患者。由此可知，她已被广泛接受。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，NeudyRojop小时候意识到社区医疗保健的需求，于是去了护理学校上学。但她不想局限于做一名护士，毕业后她设想通过早期行动来预防疾病，并积极地行动实现了这个想法。由此可知，Rojop是一个坚定地实现梦想的人。故选C项。CPeoplearealwayscuriousaboutresearchingthewell-preservedmasterpiecesinWesternhistoryfromthe“OldMasters”suchasLeonardodaVinci,Caravaggio,andSandroBotticelli.Oneincrediblefindingisthattheyalllovedusingakindofunusualpaintintheirpaintings.Tobeexact,theartistswouldmixeggsintotheirpaintstocreateathingcalled“eggtempera(蛋彩)”.ThistechniquedatesbacktoancientEgyptandcanbefoundonmanyofthepaintingsfromtheOldMasterssuchasBoticelli’s“BirthofVenus”.Scientistsstudytheelementsoftheirpaintingsandfindthatthereareaddedproteins(蛋白质)totheworksofart.ThereasonforthathadeludedusforalongtimeuntilanewstudywaspublishedTuesday,whichmighttelluswhy.Toreachtheirfindings,thestudy’sauthorsdrewonanalysisofOldMasterpaintingssuchasBoticelli’s“TheLamentationsofChrist”andDaVinci’s“MadonnaoftheCarnation”alongwithchemicaldatafromlab-madeeggtempera.Theyfoundthattheeggproteinsessentiallycreatedathinprotectivecoveraroundthepaintwiththeoilintheeggs.Thishelpedpreventitfromwrinkling,discolorationwhilestoppingitfromyellowingovertimebyslowingdownreactionsbetweentheairandoilinthepaints.Thefindingsprovidefreshinsightsintothecraftofsomeofthegreatestartistswhohaveeverlived.ItjustgoestoshowthatwhileDaVinciandhisfellowsmightbegonenow,therearestillplentyofartiststhatwecanlearnfromtheirprocessesandartwork.Asanoldsayinggoes,youhavetocrackafeweggsifyouwanttomakeanomelet(煎蛋卷)—and,apparently,sodoesamasterpieceworkofart.8.Whatdothe“OldMasters”haveincommonaccordingtothetext?,A.Theyallkepttheirworkswell.B.Theysharedthesamepaintingstyle.C.Theylivedinthesamehistoryperiod.D.Theyallusedeggtemperaintheirpaintings.9.Whichofthefollowingcanreplace“eluded”inparagraph3?A.Excited.B.Embraced.C.Confused.D.Aided.10.Whatisthepurposeofusingeggsinpaintings?A.Toreplacetheexpensivepaints.B.Topresentdifferentshadesofyellow.C.Toformacovertoprotectthepaintings.D.Tostimulatethereactionbetweenpaints.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ChemicalStudyofEggsB.EnvironmentalUseofEggsC.TheEggWisdomof“OldMasters”D.ANewWaytoAppreciateWesternArt【答案】8.D9.C10.C11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现以前的艺术家通过在颜料中添加鸡蛋，来保护画作。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Tobeexact,theartistswouldmixeggsintotheirpaintstocreateathingcalled“eggtempera(蛋彩)”.(确切地说，艺术家们将鸡蛋混合到他们的颜料中，创造出一种叫做“蛋彩画”的东西)”可知，OldMasters的共同之处是都在画中使用蛋彩画。故选D。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“foralongtimeuntilanewstudywaspublishedTuesday,whichmighttelluswhy”可知，周二发表的一项新研究可能会告诉原因，说明在这之前这个问题一致困扰着科学家们。故划线词意思是“困扰”。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Theyfoundthattheeggproteinsessentiallycreatedathinprotectivecoveraroundthepaintwiththeoilintheeggs.Thishelpedpreventitfromwrinkling,discolorationwhilestoppingitfromyellowingovertimebyslowingdownreactionsbetweentheairandoilinthepaints.(他们发现，鸡蛋中的蛋白质在鸡蛋的颜料周围形成了一层薄薄的保护层。这有助于防止它起皱，变色，同时通过减缓颜料中空气和油之间的反应来防止它随着时间的推移变黄)”可推知，在绘画中使用鸡蛋的目的是形成一个保护罩来保护画作。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Peoplearealwayscuriousaboutresearchingthewell-preservedmasterpiecesinWesternhistoryfromthe“OldMasters”suchasLeonardodaVinci,Caravaggio,andSandroBotticelli.One,incrediblefindingisthattheyalllovedusingakindofunusualpaintintheirpaintings.(从达芬奇、卡拉瓦乔、桑德罗·波提切利等“老大师”开始，人们总是好奇地想要研究西方历史上保存完好的杰作。一个令人难以置信的发现是，他们都喜欢在他们的画中使用一种不寻常的颜料)”结合文章主要说明了研究发现以前的艺术家通过在颜料中添加鸡蛋，来保护画作。可知，C选项““老大师”的蛋智慧”最符合文章标题。故选C。DWhennaturaldisastershappen,animalsareveryoftenleftalonetodefendthemselvesagainsttheviolenceofnature.However,today,amanhaschangedthisbyusingdrones(无人机)tolocatethem.DouglasThron,apersonfromCalifornia,hasbeenhelpingwildlifearoundtheworldinzoneswhereanaturaldisasterhasjusthappened,whetheritiscausedbyafire,atornado,ahurricaneorevenatsunami.Withthehelpofhisdrone,hecanlocateanimalsstillalivethatcouldbetrappedsomewheretheycannotgetout.Oncehefindsoneormore,wildliferescuersmoveintofreethemorbringthembacktosafetytobetreated,iftheyarewounded.Thronhasbeeninvolvedinvariousactionstohelptheenvironmentsincethe1990s.HetookaspecialinterestinsavingtheancientredwoodforestsofCaliforniabuthisjobthenwastoshootvideoswithhiscamera.In2019,aCategoryFivehurricanehittheBahamas.ThrondecidedtovolunteerwithagroupcalledSeaShepherdwiththemissionofdocumentingthedamage.Hebroughtdroneswithhim.However,ashewasflyingthem,henoticedagreatnumberoftrappeddogs.Thatiswhenhetookthedecisiontotryandsaveasmanyanimalsashecould.Torecognizeanimalsatthedistanceeasily,hedecidedtoaddinfrared(红外线的)camerastoupdatethedrone,whichwouldrecognizetheheatofanimalsandmakeiteasiertoidentifythoseneedinghelp.Hesaysthattheabilityfordronestohelpandsaveanimallivesisjusttoogreat.Healsoinsiststhatalthoughitworksincasesofdisastersforwildanimals,itcanalsoapplytothesearchofdomesticones.12.WhatdoesThrondowiththehelpofdrones?A.Leadtheanimalstosafeplaces.B.Locatetrappedanimalsinthedisasters.C.Detectwherethereisanaturaldisaster.D.Defendhimselfagainsttheviolenceofnature.13.WhatdidThronusedtobe?A.Aforestguard.B.Ananimalrescuer.CAvideophotographer.,D.Anenvironmentalexpert.14.WhendidThrondecidetotakeupsavinganimals?A.Whenheboughtdrones.B.Whenhewentintoredwoodforests.C.WhenhebegantovolunteerinCalifornia.D.Whenhenoticedthedogsneedinghelpinahurricane.15.WhydidThronupdatehisdrone?A.Toreplacetheoldone.B.Tomeasuretheheatofanimals.C.Toidentifyanimalsmoreeasily.D.Torescuethepeopleindisasters.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了以前在自然灾害发生后，人类忙于自救，动物们只能听天由命，自我保护。而现在，一名来自加利福尼亚的男子道格拉斯·斯隆通过使用无人机来定位被困动物，从而实施救助。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Withthehelpofhisdrone,hecanlocateanimalsstillalivethatcouldbetrappedsomewheretheycannotgetout.(在无人机的帮助下，他可以找到那些可能被困在某个地方无法脱身的活着的动物)”可知，Thron使用无人机确定被困动物的位置，从而使救援人员对其施救。故选B项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“HetookaspecialinterestinsavingtheancientredwoodforestsofCaliforniabuthisjobthenwastoshootvideoswithhiscamera.(他对保护加州古老的红木森林特别感兴趣，但当时他的工作是用相机拍摄视频)”可知，Thron曾做过视频摄影师。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“In2019,aCategoryFivehurricanehittheBahamas.ThrondecidedtovolunteerwithagroupcalledSeaShepherdwiththemissionofdocumentingthedamage.Hebroughtdroneswithhim.However,ashewasflyingthem,henoticedagreatnumberoftrappeddogs.Thatiswhenhetookthedecisiontotryandsaveasmanyanimalsashecould.(2019年，一场五级飓风袭击了巴哈马群岛。Thron决定成为一个名为“海洋守护者”的组织的志愿者，其任务是记录破坏情况。他带来了无人机。然而，当他驾驶飞机时，他注意到许多被困的狗。就在那时，他决定尽可能多地拯救动物)”可知，他是在飓风后发现许多狗被困需要营救时，,决定专门从事动物救援工作。故选D项。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Torecognizeanimalsatthedistanceeasily,hedecidedtoaddinfrared(红外线的)camerastoupdatethedrone,whichwouldrecognizetheheatofanimalsandmakeiteasiertoidentifythoseneedinghelp.(为了更容易地识别远处的动物，他决定在无人机上安装红外摄像头升级他的相机，让无人机能够识别动物的体温，从而更容易识别需要帮助的动物)”可知，他升级他的相机是为了更容易地识别被困动物。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoSurviveaLightningStrike?AccordingtotheNationalWeatherService,almosttwo-thirdsoflightningaccidentsoccuraspeopleenjoyleisureactivitiesoutdoors.____16____.Here’showtostaysafewhenyou’reenjoyingsummeroutdoors.Keepaneyeonthesky____17____.Thunderstormsusuallyoccurintheafternoonorevening.Startyourhikeinthemorning,andfinishupbynooniftheforecastindicatesbadweatherahead.Iftheforecastcallsforperiodicstormsthroughouttheday,makeasmartchoiceandconsidergivingupthetrip.____18____.Beforeyouheadoutforhiking,checkmapstolocatevisitorcenters,campgroundbuildings,orrestareasalongyourroute.Onceyouhearthunder,seelightning,orsensethatastormisapproaching,don’thesistatetouseyourplan.Hikersarestronglyadvisedtowatchcontinuallyforthenearestshelter.____19____.Knowthestorm’sdistanceCountthesecondsbetweentheflashandthefollowingsoundofthunder.Dividethenumberofsecondsbyfivetocalculatethenumberofmilesbetweenyouandthestorm.Forexample,ifthenumberofsecondsis30,thenthedistanceinbetweenequalssixmiles,andfindshelterimmediately.____20____,justrememberthatyoucanhearthunderatadistanceof10miles.A.MakeasafetyplanB.ChecktheweatherforecastaheadC.IfthissimplemathisstillconfusingD.IfyougetindoorsassoonaspossibleE.Peoplearestruckwhilecamping,hikingorboatingF.Stayingcalmwillhelpyouavoidmeetingfurtherdangers,G.Carcamperscanstayinthevehicleswhennoothershelterisavailable【答案】16.E17.B18.F19.G20.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍在户外遭遇雷暴天气如何保持安全。【16题详解】上文“AccordingtotheNationalWeatherService,almosttwo-thirdsoflightningaccidentsoccuraspeopleenjoyleisureactivitiesoutdoors.(根据美国国家气象局的数据，近三分之二的雷击事故发生在人们在户外休闲活动时)”提到，近三分之二的雷击事故发生在人们在户外休闲活动时，E项“人们在露营、远足或划船时被击中”与上文语义一致，E项中的“camping,hikingorboating”呼应上文的“leisureactivitiesoutdoors”，故选E。【17题详解】根据下文“Startyourhikeinthemorning,andfinishupbynooniftheforecastindicatesbadweatherahead.Iftheforecast…(早上开始你的徒步旅行，如果预报显示天气不好，在中午结束。如果天气预报……)”可知，此处是说要提前查看天气预报，B项“请提前查看天气预报”符合语境，故选B。【18题详解】根据上文“Iftheforecastcallsforperiodicstormsthroughouttheday,makeasmartchoiceandconsidergivingupthetrip.(如果天气预报说全天都会有周期性的暴风雨，做出明智的选择，考虑放弃这次旅行)”可知，如果天气预报说天气不好，要作出明智的选择，考虑放弃这次旅行，这样就可以避免危险，F项“保持冷静可以帮助你避免进一步的危险”符合语境，故选F。【19题详解】上文“Hikersarestronglyadvisedtowatchcontinuallyforthenearestshelter.(强烈建议徒步旅行者不断观察最近的庇护所)”提到要不断观察最近的庇护所，G项“在没有其他庇护所的情况下，汽车露营者可以待在车上”也是关于庇护所，符合语境，故选G。【20题详解】上文“Forexample,ifthenumberofsecondsis30,thenthedistanceinbetweenequalssixmiles,andfindshelterimmediately.(例如，如果秒数是30，那么两者之间的距离等于6英里，并立即找到庇护所)”举例说明如何计算离风暴有多远，结合下文“justrememberthatyoucanhearthunderatadistanceof10miles(只要记住你可以在10英里外听到雷声)”可知，此处是说如果你还是不会算，就记住你可以在10英里外听到雷声，C项“如果这个简单的数学仍然令人困惑”符合语境，故选C。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分),阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ItiswellknownthatweSherpa(夏尔巴人)areregardedasthebackboneforclimbingabove8000meters.But____21____,therewerenoSherpaonthelistof8000-meterWinterFirstAscents(攀登),whichmademeasaSherpafeel____22____.IattemptedtoclimbK2,thesecondhighestmountainintheworldlastwinter,but____23____.YetIstillwantedtoseeourflagputonits____24____,whichhadlongbeenmydream.Thisyear,ImadeallthearrangementsandteamedwiththreeotherSherpa.Itrustedthembecausetheywerestrong,____25____andmostimportantlytheywerethinkinglikeme—national____26____first.WhenwestartedonNov.21,we____27____thatwecouldsucceedinreachingthetopwithinthreeweeksiftheweatherremained____28____.Butlater,whenwewereclosertoCampFour,myleftfootwasgettingfrozen,soIwasworriedIcouldputmyteammatesindanger____29____Icontinued.Theycomfortedmeandadvisedmeto____30____itbykickingtheice,which____31____workedbeforewesetoutagain.Oneofmyteammates,Tenzi,was____32____thewayandfixinglinesalltheway.Wewereclimbingbehindhimcarryingropesandotherstuff.Weallknewitwas____33____thatcouldmakeallofusholdonstraighttotheend.December17finally!At4:43pm,wejoinedshouldertoshouldertothesummitbutnotarriving____34____.Itdidn’t____35____whichoneofusgotthefirst,butwediditforthesignificantmeaning.Whenweunite,nothingisimpossible.21.A.surprisinglyB.traditionallyC.naturallyD.fortunately22.A.hopelessB.ashamedC.satisfiedD.relieved23.A.remainedB.complainedC.failedD.suffered24.A.territoryB.groundC.borderD.summit25.A.reliableB.realisticC.attractiveD.addicted26.A.prideB.securityC.propertyD.strategy27.A.doubtedB.confirmedC.permittedD.expected28.A.hotB.typicalC.normalD.freezing29.A.thoughB.ifC.sinceD.so30.A.warmB.freeC.wrapD.affect31.A.frequentlyB.actuallyC.hardlyD.differently32.A.losingB.askingC.limitingD.leading33.A.guidelineB.teamworkC.luckD.technique34.A.immediatelyB.safelyC.individuallyD.entirely35.A.claimB.demonstrateC.matterD.occur,【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.D25.A26.A27.D28.C29.B30.A31.B32.D33.B34.C35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了夏尔巴人被视为攀登8000米以上的中坚力量，但是8000米WinterFirstAscents的名单上没有夏尔巴人。作者作为夏尔巴人决定改变这个事实。他和他的队友经历重重的困难，最终登峰。他觉得当人们团结起来时，没有什么是不可能的。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但令人惊讶的是，8000米WinterFirstAscents的名单上没有夏尔巴人，这让我作为夏尔巴人感到羞愧。A.surprisingly出乎意料地，令人惊讶地；B.traditionally传统上地；C.naturally自然地；D.fortunately幸运地。根据上文“ItiswellknownthatweSherpaareregardedasthebackboneforclimbingabove8000meters”以及转折连词but可知，夏尔巴人被视为攀登8000米以上的中坚力量，但令人惊讶的是，8000米冬季第一次攀登的名单上没有夏尔巴人。故选A。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但令人惊讶的是，8000米WinterFirstAscents的名单上没有夏尔巴人，这让我作为夏尔巴人感到羞愧。A.hopeless无望的；B.ashamed羞愧的；C.satisfied满足的；D.relieved释然的。根据上文“therewerenoSherpaonthelistof8000-meterWinterFirstAscents(攀登)”可知，8000米WinterFirstAscents的名单上没有夏尔巴人，这件事让作为夏尔巴人的作者感到很羞愧。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年冬天，我试图攀登世界第二高峰K2，但没有成功。A.remained保留；B.complained抱怨；C.failed失败；D.suffered遭受。根据空前“IattemptedtoclimbK2,thesecondhighestmountainintheworldlastwinter”以及转折连词but可知，作者试图攀登世界第二高峰，但是失败了。故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我仍然希望看到我们的国旗登上顶峰，这是我长期以来的梦想。A.territory地区；B.ground地面；C.border边界；D.summit顶峰。根据下文“December17finally!At4:43pm,wejoinedshouldertoshouldertothesummit”可知，作者希望把国旗插上山顶。故选D。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我信任他们，因为他们坚强、可靠，最重要的是，他们和我一样思考——民族自豪感第一。A.reliable可靠的；B.realistic现实的；C.attractive吸引人的；D.addicted上瘾的。根据空前“Itrustedthem”可知，作者相信他的队员，因为他们坚强、可靠。故选A。【26题详解】,考查名词词义辨析。句意：我信任他们，因为他们坚强、可靠，最重要的是，他们和我一样思考——民族自豪感第一。A.pride骄傲；B.security安全；C.property性质；D.strategy策略。根据上文空前“mostimportantlytheywerethinkinglikeme”可知，他们和作者想的一样，都想把国旗放到世界第二高峰的山顶上，由此可知，他们考虑的首先是名族自豪感。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们从11月21日开始时，我们预计如果天气保持正常，我们可以在三周内成功登顶。A.doubted怀疑；B.confirmed确认；C.permitted允许；D.expected预期。根据空后“thatwecouldsucceedinreachingthetopwithinthreeweeksiftheweatherremained____8____”可知，作者他们预计如果天气正常，会在三周内成功登顶。故选D。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们从11月21日开始时，我们预计如果天气保持正常，我们可以在三周内成功登顶。A.hot热的；B.typical典型的；C.normal正常的；D.freezing极冷的。根据上文“wecouldsucceedinreachingthetopwithinthreeweeks”并结合常识可知，天气正常的话，作者他们会在三周内成功登顶。故选C。【29题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：但后来，当我们接近四号营地时，我的左脚冻僵了，所以我担心如果我继续下去，我可能会把我的队友置于危险之中。A.though尽管；B.if如果；C.since自从；D.so因此。根据上文“soIwasworriedIcouldputmyteammatesindanger”可知，作者担心如果他继续前进，会把队友置于危险之中。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们安慰我，建议我踢冰让腿暖和过来，在我们再次出发之前，这实际上起了作用。A.warm取暖；B.free使解脱出来；C.wrap包裹；D.affect影响。根据空后“bykickingtheice”以及上文提到作者的左脚冻僵可知，队友建议作者把冰踢掉让腿暖和过来，这样可以继续前进。故选A。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们安慰我，建议我踢冰让腿暖和过来，在我们再次出发之前，这实际上起了作用。A.frequently经常地；B.actually实际上；C.hardly几乎没有；D.differently不同地。根据空后“workedbeforewesetoutagain”并结合下文提到作者继续攀登可知，队友的建议实际上起了作用。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的一个队友Tenzi，一直在带路和固定线路。A.losing失去；B.asking问；C.limiting限制；D.leading带领。根据下文“Wewereclimbingbehindhimcarryingropesandotherstuff.”可,知，Tenzi在前面带路。故选D。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都知道，团队合作可以让我们所有人坚持到底。A.guideline准则；B.teamwork团队合作；C.luck幸运；D.technique技巧。根据下文“Whenweunite,nothingisimpossible.”以及全文语境可知，是团队协作让作者他们成功的登顶。故选B。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：下午4点43分，我们肩并肩登上顶峰，但不是个人先抵达。A.immediately立即；B.safely安全地；C.individually单独地，个人地；D.entirely完全地。根据下文“butwediditforthesignificantmeaning.”可知，作者他们是肩并肩登上的顶峰，而不是个人。故选C。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们谁先到达不重要，但我们这样做的意义重大。A.claim要求；B.demonstrate证明；C.matter重要；D.occur发生。根据下文“butwediditforthesignificantmeaning”作者认为谁先到达并不重要。故选C。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。答案写在题号后的横线上。Recently,Beijingsubwayline“DaxingAirportExpress”hastakentechnologyfurther.It____36____(introduce)palm(手掌)recognitiontoitspaymentsysteminAprilthisyear.Withthe____37____(assist)ofthistechnology,passengerscanenter____38____exit“empty-handed”byscanningtheirpalmstwice.Passengerscanshowtheirpalmstopassticketgatesatstopsalongthelineafter____39____(put)inthepalminformationatthestationticketmachines.Feesaretakenaway____40____(accurate)fromthepassengers’accountaftertheirexit.____41____(compare)withtheexistingQRcodescanning,thistechnologydoesn’trequiretheuser’ssmartphone.Peopleonlyneedtoshowonehand____42____theairwithouttouchinganything.Thatisthereason____43____thistechnologyiswelcomedbytheyoungpeople.“Thatismuch____44____(convenient)thanIexpected.”saidapassengerhappilyrightafterhisfirstattempttousehispalmtotakethesubway.“Moreimportantly,myprivateinformationcan____45____(protect)byusingthistechnologyeffectively.”【答案】36.introduced37.assistance38.the39.putting40.accurately41.Compared42.in,43.why44.moreconvenient45.beprotected【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京大兴国际机场使用掌纹识别技术给乘客们带来了便利。【36题详解】考查动词时态。句意：今年4月，它在支付系统中引入了掌纹识别。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。故填introduced。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：在这项技术的帮助下，乘客可以通过扫描两次手掌来“空手”进入出口。分析句子，设空处使用assist的名词assistance作宾语，意为“帮助”。故填assistance。【38题详解】考查冠词。句意：同上。句中exit为名词，意为“出口”，此处表示特指。故填the。39题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：乘客在车站售票机输入掌纹信息后，可以在沿途各站的检票口出示掌纹。分析句子，设空处置于介词after之后，故使用动名词作宾语。故填putting。【40题详解】考查副词。句意：乘客出境后，费用会准确地从他们的账户中扣除。设空处使用副词修饰动词。故填accurately。41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与现有的二维码扫描相比，该技术不需要用户的智能手机。句中doesn’trequire为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。thistechnology与compare之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作状语。同时该空置于句首，首字母大写。故填Compared。【42题详解】考查介词。句意：人们只需要在不接触任何东西的情况下向空中伸出一只手。句中使用介词与空后的theair构成介词短语。intheair表示“在空中”。故填in。【43题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是为什么这项技术受到年轻人欢迎的原因。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词thereason，引导词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。故填why。【44题详解】考查形容词。句意：那比我预料的要方便得多。根据句中的much和than可知，设空处使用形容词的比较级作表语。故填moreconvenient。,【45题详解】考查动词语态。句意：更重要的是，通过有效地使用这项技术，我的私人信息可以得到保护。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。同时information与protect之间是被动关系，该空置于can之后，故使用含情态动词的被动语态。故填beprotected。第四部分写作(共两节，满分30分)第一节(满分10分)46.假定你是李华，你校近期将举办一场“戏曲进校园"的表演活动。届时京剧名家会到校为师生演出，请你给热衷中国戏曲的外教Mr.Smith写封邮件，内容包括：1.邀请他参加并致辞；2.活动安排；3.期待回复。注意：1.词数80左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。DearMr.Smith,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua【答案】DearMr.Smith,AsadedicatedfanofChinesetraditionalcultureandespeciallyitsgenreofPekingOpera,Ithoughtyoumightbeveryinterestedinaspecialeventwearepreparingforatourschool.Itwouldbeagreathonortohaveyouwithusthatday.Notonlywillyouundoubtedlyenjoytheamazingperformance,whichoffersarareopportunityforeachofustohaveacloseencounterwiththisbeautifulpieceofourculturalheritage,buttheorganizershavealsoexpressedawishforyoutogiveabriefspeechduringtheevent.Wegenuinelyhopeyoucanbepartofthisenrichingeventandlookforwardtoyourpositivereply.Bestregards,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外交Smith先生写信，邀请他参加学校近期举办的“戏曲,进校园”表演活动。【详解】1.词汇积累诚挚的：genuinely→sincerely了不起的：amazing→wonderful机会：opportunity→chance出席：bepartof→takepartin2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Itwouldbeagreathonortohaveyouwithusthatday. 拓展句：Itwouldbeagreathonortohaveyouwithusthatday,whenwecouldshareandexperiencegreatpleasure.【点睛】【高分句型1】Notonlywillyouundoubtedlyenjoytheamazingperformance,whichoffersarareopportunityforeachofustohaveacloseencounterwiththisbeautifulpieceofourculturalheritage,buttheorganizershavealsoexpressedawishforyoutogiveabriefspeechduringtheevent.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句以及notonly…butalso的结构）【高分句型2】Wegenuinelyhopeyoucanbepartofthisenrichingeventandlookforwardtoyourpositivereply.（运用了省略that引导的宾语从句）第二节(满分20分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。AsIwaswalkinghomefromschool,Icameacrossawalletlyingonthepath.Ipickeditup,checkingonitscontents.Five$20notesinside!Wow,that’sabigmoney!Icouldn’tbelievemyeyes.Ilookedaround.Nooneinsight,Iquicklyputthewalletintomyschoolbagandrushedhome.Mymumwasbusyinthekitchen.Isecretlyslidintomyroom,carefullyplacedthewalletintomytreasureboxandlockeditaway.Allthatnight,Iwaslostinthoughtandkeptthinkingaboutthemoneyinside,twistingandturning.Thethoughtofbuyingmyselfabikewiththe100dollarsflashedacrossmymind.Ihadwantedabikeforalongtime,buteachtimemymomalwayssaidwecouldn’taffordone.ButhowcouldIexplaintomymumwhereIgotthemoney?SuddenlyIrememberedanupcomingschoolsciencecompetitionwouldoffera$100prizetothewinner.“Whycouldn’tItellmymumthatIhavewontheprize?”Aperfectexcuseindeed!Igotoutofbedandtookoutthewalletfromthetreasureboxagain.ThistimeInoticedtherewasanoldphotoinsidebesidesthemoney.ThewomaninthephotolookedlikeMara,myscienceteacher!Iwassleeplessallnighttowaitforthesunrise.,注意：1.词数应为100左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Theearlymorning,Iputthewalletbacktomyschoolbagandhurriedtoschool.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Soon,thedayofsciencecompetitioncame.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Theearlymorning,Iputthewalletbacktomyschoolbagandhurriedtoschool.Iapproachedmyscienceteacherbeforethecompetition,clutchingthewallettightly,andwaitedfortherightmoment.AssoonasIsawheralone,Irushedforward.“Mara,”Istammeredawkwardly,“IfoundthiswalletonmyhomeandIthinkitmightbeyours.Isawyourpictureinside.”Hereyeswidenedwithsurprise.Althoughshewasabittakenaback,shethankedmeprofuselyandtoldmeitwashermother’soldphotointhewallet,whichwasveryimportanttoher.Iapologizedfornottellinghersoonerandshesmiled,sayingshewasproudofme.Soon,thedayofsciencecompetitioncame.Onthedayofthecompetition,IdidmybestandeventhoughIdidn'twin,Ifeltlikeawinner.Mymomwasproudofme,notbecauseIhadbroughthomeaprize,butbecauseofmyhonesty.Irealizedit'snotthepossessionswehave,butouractionsthatdefineus.Andfromthatdayon,IpromisedmyselfthatIwouldalwayschoosetodotherightthing,evenwhennoonewaswatching.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在回家的路上发现了一个装满钱的钱包。这个钱包是他的科学老师的。他幻想着用这些钱来谋取私利，但最终还是坦白了并归还了钱包，在这个过程中，他学到了诚实和正直的宝贵一课。,【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“一大早，我把钱包放回书包，匆匆赶往学校。”可知，第一段可描写作者归还钱包的尴尬场面以及老师对他的感谢。②由第二段首句内容“很快，科学竞赛的日子来了。”可知，第二段可描写作者在科学竞赛中明白诚实的道理，以及给妈妈带来的骄傲。2.续写线索：归还钱包——老师感激——准备考试——赢得奖品——母亲感到骄傲——作者最终感悟3.词汇激活行为类①接近：approach/getcloseto②.紧紧地抓住：clutchtightly/seizetightly③.不胜感激：thankprofusely/bedeeplygrateful情绪类①.惊讶：withsurprise/inamazement②.骄傲：beproudof/takepridein【点睛】[高分句型1].Althoughshewasabittakenaback,shethankedmeprofuselyandtoldmeitwashermother’soldphotointhewallet,whichwasveryimportanttoher.（由连词although引导让步状语从句以及which引导非限制性定语从句）[高分句型2].Andfromthatdayon,IpromisedmyselfthatIwouldalwayschoosetodotherightthing,evenwhennoonewaswatching.（由that引导宾语从句）