北京市怀柔区2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）

怀柔区2022-2023学年第一学期高二英语期末试题第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节：完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Nooneisbornawinner.Peoplemakethemselvesintowinnersbytheirown____1____.Ilearnedthislessonfromanexperiencemanyyearsago.ItooktheheadcoachingjobataschoolinBaxleyGeorgia.Itwasasmallschoolwithaweakfootballprogram.Itwasatraditionfortheschool'soldteamtoplayagainstthe____2____teamattheendofspringpractice.Theoldteamhadnocoach,andtheydidn’tevenpracticetoprepareforthegame.Beingthecoachofthenewteam,IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointment,weweredefeated.Icouldn’tbelieveIhadgotintosuchasituation.Thinkinghardaboutit,IcametorealizethatmyteammightnotbethenumberoneteaminGeorgia,buttheywere____3____me.Ihadtochangemy____4____abouttheirabilityandpotential.IstarteddoinganythingIcouldtohelpthembuildalittle____5____.Mostimportantly,Ibegantotreatthemlike___6___.Thatsummer,whentheotherteamsenjoyedtheirvacations,wemeteverydayandpracticedpassingandkickingthefootball.Sixmonthsaftersufferingourdefeatonthespringpracticefield,wewonourfirstgameandoursecondandcontinuedtoimprove.Finally,wefacedthenumberoneteaminthestate.Ifeltthatitwouldbea____7____forusevenifwelostthegame.Butthatwasn’twhathappened.MyboysbeatthebestteaminGeorgia,givingmeoneofthegreatest____8____ofmylife!Fromtheexperience,Ilearnedalotabouthowtheattitudeoftheleadercanaffectthemembersofateam.Insteadofseeingmyboysaslosers,Ipushedand____9____them.Ihelpedthemtoseethemselves______10______,andtheybuiltthemselvesintowinners.Winnersaremade,notborn.1.A.luckB.effortsC.testsD.nature2.A.excellentB.successfulC.newD.strong3.A.dependingonB.lookingforC.reactingtoD.caringabout4.A.intentionB.conclusionC.decisionD.attitude5.A.cultureB.fortuneC.relationshipD.pride,6.A.winnersB.leadersC.learnersD.part7.A.burdenB.victoryC.shameD.favor8.A.offersB.concernsC.thrillsD.chances9.A.observedB.encouragedC.impressedD.protected10.A.calmlyB.honestlyC.differentlyD.individually【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.D5.D6.A7.B8.C9.B10.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了多年前作者担任过一个学校足球队的教练，在一次比赛中输给了学校的老队。作者开始反思，不停的训练和鼓励队员，最终不可思议的赢得州里最强的对手。从这次经历中，作者感悟到：没有人天生就是赢家，只有依靠自己的努力才能成为赢家。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们通过自己的努力使自己成为胜利者。A.luck运气；B.efforts努力；C.tests测试；D.nature自然。根据“Nooneisbornawinner.”可知，人们需要通过努力才能成为胜利者。故选B。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在春季训练结束时，学校的老队与新队进行比赛是一项传统。A.excellent优秀的；B.successful成功的；C.new新的；D.strong强壮的。根据“Itwasatradition”和“Beingthecoachofthenewteam”可知，此处表示学校的老队和新队进行比赛。故选C。【3题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：仔细想了想，我意识到我的球队可能不是乔治亚州最好的球队，但他们依赖我。A.dependingon依靠；B.lookingfor寻找；C.reactingto对……有反应；D.caringabout关心，在意。根据“Beingthecoachofthenewteam,”和“Ihadtochangemy　　　　　　　　　abouttheirabilityandpotential.”可知，作为教练，孩子们还要依靠作者，作者需要做出改变。故选A。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我必须改变我对他们的能力和潜力的态度。A.intention意图，打算；B.conclusion结论；C.decision决定；D.attitude态度。根据“Beingthecoachofthenewteam,IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointment,weweredefeated.(作为新队的教练，我很兴奋，因为我知道我们会赢，但令我失望的是，我们被击败了。)”可知，作者轻视对手导致了失败，因此要改变态度。故选D。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始尽我所能帮助他们建立自豪感。A.culture文化；B.fortune运气；C.,relationship关系；D.pride骄傲，自豪。根据“buttomydisappointment,weweredefeated.”和“Ibegantotreatthemlike___6___”可知，作者在比赛失败后尽自己所能帮助孩子们建立自豪感。故选D。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，我开始像对待胜利者一样对待他们。A.winners获胜者；B.leaders领导；C.learners学习者；D.part部分。根据“Insteadofseeingmyboysaslosers”可知，作者像对待胜利者一样对待他们。故选A。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得即使我们输了比赛，这对我们来说也是一场胜利。A.burden负担；B.victory胜利；C.shame羞愧；D.favor赞成，偏爱。根据“Finally,wefacedthenumberoneteaminthestate.”可知，作者认为面对最强的队伍，即使输了比赛也是一场胜利。故选B。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的孩子们打败了乔治亚州最好的球队，给了我一生中最大的兴奋之一!A.offers提议；B.concerns关心，忧虑；C.thrills兴奋，激动；D.chances机会。根据“MyboysbeatthebestteaminGeorgia”可知，作者的队伍打败了乔治亚州最好的球队，这是令人兴奋的事。故选C。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有把我的孩子们视为失败者，而是敦促和鼓励他们。A.observed观察；B.encouraged鼓励；C.impressed使印象深刻；D.protected保护。根据上文“Insteadofseeingmyboysaslosers,Ipushed”可知，作者把孩子们视为胜利者，不断地鼓励他们。故选B。【10题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我帮助他们以不同的方式看待自己，他们把自己打造成了胜利者。A.calmly冷静地；B.honestly诚实地；C.differently不同地；D.individually单独地，分别地。根据上文“IstarteddoinganythingIcouldtohelpthembuildalittle____5____.Mostimportantly,Ibegantotreatthemlike___6___.”可知，作者帮助他们以不同的方式看待自己。故选C。第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Morethan1billionpeopleagedfrom12to35areattheriskoflosingtheirhearingfrom___11___(listen)toloudmusicontheiraudiodevices.AccordingtoWHO,___12___isconsideredunsafethatyouhearasoundthatisabove85decibelsforeighthoursor100decibelsfor15minutes.___13___(normal),usersofpersonalaudiodeviceschoosetosetthevolumebetween75-105.ShellyChadhaoftheWHOsuggestedthatallsmartphonesshouldbefitted,withameasurementsystem,___14___wouldtellyouhowmuchsoundyou’relisteningto,andwhenyougooverthelimit.【答案】11.listening12.it13.Normally14.which【解析】【导语】文章介绍了超过10亿年龄在12岁至35岁之间的人因在音频设备上收听吵闹的音乐而面临丧失听力的风险并提出相应建议。【11题详解】考查动名词。句意：超过10亿年龄在12岁至35岁之间的人因在音频设备上收听吵闹的音乐而面临丧失听力的风险。该空作介词from的宾语，所以空格处应填动名词。故填listening。【12题详解】考查形式主语。句意：根据世界卫生组织的规定，如果你听到85分贝以上的声音，持续8小时或100分贝以上的声音持续15分钟，就被认为是不安全的。该句中“thatyouhearasoundthatisabove85decibelsforeighthoursor100decibelsfor15minutes”为真正主语，空格处应填形式主语it。故填it。【13题详解】考查副词。句意：通常，个人音频设备的用户选择将音量设置在75-105之间。该空格处应填副词，修饰整个句子。故填Normally。【14题详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：世界卫生组织的谢利·查达建议，所有的智能手机都应该配备一个测量系统，它会告诉你听到了多少声音，以及你什么时候超过了限制。该句中measurementsystem为先行词表示物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语。故填which。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。There’sanewfrontierin3Dprintingthat’sbeginningtocomeintofocus:food.Witha3Dprinter,acookcanprintcomplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfor___15___(decorate)onaweddingcake.Noteverybodycandothat.Ittakesyearsofexperience,___16___aprintermakesiteasy.ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito“re-createformsandpieces”offoodthatare“exactlythesame”,___17___(free)cookstocompleteothertasks.【答案】15.decoration,16.but17.freeing【解析】【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章介绍了3D打印的一个开始关注食物的新的领域。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：用一台3D打印机，厨师可以打印出复杂的巧克力雕塑和用来在婚礼蛋糕上装饰的美丽的碎片。分析句子可知，此处应用名词decoration，作介词“for”的宾语，表示“用来装饰”；decoration作“装饰”时为不可数名词。故填decoration。【16题详解】考查连词。句意：这需要多年的经验，但是一台打印机让它变得简单了。分析句子可知，此处应用连词，连接两个并列句；根据句意，应为转折关系，故用but。故填but。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：西班牙的一家餐厅使用Foodini来“重新创造”“完全相同”的食物的“形式和碎片”，从而解放了厨师来完成其他任务。根据句中谓语动词“uses”可知，此处应为非谓语动词，与主语“Arestaurant”之间为主动关系，作状语，应用现在分词形式。故填freeing。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。UrbanForestProinPortlandisafull-servicetreecarecompanyprovidingtreeservices.Ourarborists(树艺师)___18___(train)torecognizetheuniqueneedsofyourtrees,takingintoaccountfactorssuchasthetree’sage,health&priorpruning(修剪).Doingtreepruning,weselectivelyremovecertainpartsofatreeaccordingtothegoalsofourcustomers.Ourarboristscaninmostcasescome___19___withamethodthatisbothbeneficialforthetree’shealthandlongevityandmeetsthe___20___(need)ofourcustomers.【答案】18.aretrained19.up20.needs【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于波特兰的一家名叫UrbanForestPro的公司能提供全方位树木护理服务。【18题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：我们的树艺师经过培训，能够识别您的树木的独特需求，并考虑到树木的年龄、健康状况和事先修剪等因素。空处在句中作谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，且主语Ourarborists和动词train(培训)二者之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词使用,are。故填aretrained。【19题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：在大多数情况下，我们的树艺师可以想出一种既有利于树木健康和长寿，又能满足客户需求的方法。固定搭配comeupwith“想出”。故填up。【20题详解】考查名词复数。句意：在大多数情况下，我们的树艺师可以想出一种既有利于树木健康和长寿，又能满足客户需求的方法。此处应用名词need作宾语，由ourcustomers可知，此处“需求”不止一个，应用复数形式。故填needs。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ACometobuildrobots!Robotsarefuntoplaywith,butdidyouknowthattheyareequallyfuntobuild?Don’tworry,it’seasierthanyoumaythink.Youdon’thavetoknowlotsaboutelectronicsorbeageniusatengineeringtohaveagoatcreatingyourownrobot.Therearelotsofsimplekits(配套原件)andresourcesavailablethatmakeiteasytobuildarobotinyourownhome,andifyoudon’tfeelconfidentenoughtohaveagoathome,thereareplentyofclubsthatoffercoursesinrobot-buildingforyoungpeople.◇Whytobuild?“Creatingarobotteachesyouingreatabouthowitisputtogetherandhowitworks”saysSteveHubbard,ofRobotFun,whichhostsroboticsmasterclassesforteensinSuffolk.“Asyoubuildandtestarobot,youalsolearnhowtofixitwhenthingsgowrong,astheyalwaysdo.”Buildingandprogrammingarobotisapracticalapplicationofscienceandengineeringandagreatwayoflearninghowtosolveallsortsofproblems.Youdon’tneedanyspecialskills.IfyoucanbuildwithLegoordrawaline,youcanbuildandprogramarobot.◇Howtostart?MatthewApplegaterunstheCreativeComputingClubinIpswich,Suffolk.Hesays,“TheLegoRobotskitsareamazing.Youcanusecardboard,gluesticksandstringtomakeaprototype(雏形).”Somekitscanbeexpensivebuttherearewaystobuildyourrobotsusingthingsaroundthehouse.Youcanbuildanarmwithcardboard,strawsandstring,addingittoalow-costkit.,Buildingrobotsisreallygreat.Itisn’teasyatfirst,butwhenyougetbetter,youwillbesurprisedhowmuchyoucando.Cometogetyourfirstrobotkitandmakeitwhirrintolife!▶FordetailsonhowtobuildaRaspberryPibuggy:tinyurl.com/TWJ-robotbuggy▶Fordetailsonhowtojoinarobotclub:tinyurlcom/TWJ-members▶Formoreinformationonkitsandclasses:tinyurl.com/TWJ-resources▶Formoreinformationonrobotsandtheirhistory:tinyurl.com/TWJ-realrobots21.Whatdoyouneedtobuildarobotathome?A.Toknowlotsaboutelectronics.B.Toputnecessarypartstogether.C.Tobeageniusatengineering.D.Tohaverichexperienceinplayingwithrobots.22.Ifyouwanttoknowmoreaboutdifferentrobotkits,youcanvisit________.A.tinyurl.com/TWJ-robotbuggyB.tinyurl,com/TWJ-realrobotsC.tinyurl.com/TWJ-resourcesD.tinyurl.com/TWJ-members23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toencourageteenstolearntosolveproblemsbybuildingrobots.B.Toexplaintheadvantagesofbuildingone’sownrobots.C.Toanalysetheneedofteenstobuildtheirownrobots.D.Toadvertiseamethodofbuildingrobotswithfun.【答案】21.B22.C23.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了为什么要自己建造机器人以及怎样建造机器人，并希望我们参与到建造机器人的活动中来。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Youdon’thavetoknowlotsaboutelectronicsorbeageniusatengineeringtohaveagoatcreatingyourownrobot.Therearelotsofsimplekits(配套原件)andresourcesavailablethatmakeiteasytobuildarobotinyourownhome,andifyoudon’tfeelconfidentenoughtohaveagoathome,thereareplentyofclubsthatoffercoursesinrobot-buildingforyoungpeople.(你不需要非常了解电子学或者非常精通工程学，就可以尝试制造自己的机器人。有很多简单的工具和资源可以让你在自己家里制造机器人变得很容易，如果你没有足够的信心在家里尝试，有很多俱乐部为年轻人提供机器人制造课程。)”和Whytobuild?部分下的“Creatingarobotteachesyouingreatabouthowitisputtogetherandhowitworks,(创造一个机器人教会你如何组装它以及它是如何工作的)”和Howtostart?部分的“Youcanbuildanarmwithcardboard,strawsandstring,addingittoalow-costkit.(你可以用硬纸板、吸管和绳子做一个手臂，把它加到一个低成本的工具包,里。)”可知，在家里制造一个机器人不需要你非常了解电子学或精通工程学。你所需要的是把必要的零件组装起来。故选B。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二行“Formoreinformationonkitsandclasses:tinyurl.com/TWJ-resources(更多关于工具包和分类的信息:tinyurl.com/TWJ-resources)”可知，如果你想要知道更多关于不同的机器人工具包，你可以浏览tinyurl.com/TWJ-resources，故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是标题“Cometobuildrobots!(来制造机器人！)”，第一段中“Robotsarefuntoplaywith,butdidyouknowthattheyareequallyfuntobuild?(机器人玩起来很有趣，但是你知道它们制造起来也同样有趣吗？)”和Howtostart?(如何开始建造)可知，文章主要在宣传一种有趣的制造机器人的方法，并希望你能参与进来，结合文末几个网址可知，网站起的是宣传介绍的作用，由此可知，本文的主要目的是宣传一种有趣的制造机器人的方法。故选D。BFreeHaircutsonaRedChairLastsummer,KatieStellerwasonherwaytowork.Shestoppedatatrafficlight,whereaman,inhis60s,lookingoutofluck,wassittingalone.Sherolleddownherwindow.“Hey!”sheshouted.“I’mdrivingaroundgivingfreehaircuts.Doyouwantonerightnow?”Theman,missingafewteeth,pausedandlaughed.“Actually,”hesaid,“Ihaveafuneral(葬礼)togotothisweek.Iwasreallyhopingtogetahaircut.”Then,Stellerunloadedaredchairfromthecar.Theman,namedEdward,tookaseat.AsStellerwascuttinghiscurlygrayinghair,hetoldheraboutgrowingupinMississippi,aboutmovingtoMinnesota,andhowhestilltalkedtohismomoverphoneeveryday.Todate,Stellerhasgiven30orsosuchhaircutstopeoplearoundthecity.Theyarealllivingonthemargins,andsheisawareofthepowerofherwork.“It’smorethanahaircut,”shesays.“Iwantittobeagateway,toshowvalueandrespect,butalsotogettoknowpeople.”Stellerknowsthatahaircutcanchangealife.Onechangedhers:Asateen,shesufferedfromulcerativecolitis(溃疡性结肠炎)thatwassoserious,herhairthinnedseverely.Seeingthis,hermotherarrangedforSteller’sfirstprofessionalhaircut.“Tositdownandhavesomebodylookatmeandtalktomelikeapersonandnotjustanillness,ithelpedmefeelcaredaboutandlessalone,”shesays.,Afterthat,Stellerknewshewantedtohaveherownhairsalonsoshecouldhelppeoplefeelthewayshe’dfeltthatday.Notlongafterfinishingcosmetologyschool(美容学校)in2016,sherealizedherdream.Twoyearslater,shebeganwhatshenowcallsherRedChairProject,reachingouttopeopleonthestreets.Stellersaid,“Ican’tfixtheirproblems,butmaybeIcanhelpthemfeellessaloneforamoment.”Stellerlistenstopeople’sstoriesofloss,addiction,andstruggletogetbackontheirfeet.AnoffshootoftheRedChairProjectistheStellerKindnessProject,inwhichpeoplewhocommitactsofkindnessareinvitedforafreemakeover(美容)atSteller’ssalon.Inexchange,theytelltheirstories,whichStellersharesonherwebsite.Herhopeisthatbyreadingaboutkindacts,otherswillbeinspiredtodotheirown.Sofar,it’sworking.“Youhavenoideawhatpeoplearegoingtodowiththekindnessthatyougivetothem,”saysSteller.24.EdwardagreedtohaveahaircutbyStellerbecause________.A.hewantedtotalkwithStellerabouthislifeB.hewantedtolookgoodforaspecialoccasionC.hewastoooldtogotoahairsalonbyhimselfD.hewasjustwaitingforafreehaircutonthestreet25.Inparagraph5,theunderlinedwords“livingonthemargins”canprobablybereplacedby________.A.livingwithlittlecareandattentionBlivingfarfromdowntownareasC.livingwithseriousillnessesD.livinginuntidyconditions26.WhatmadeStellerwanttosetupherownsalon?A.Herexcellenthaircutskills.B.Hermother’sencouragement.C.Herexperienceofaformalhaircut.D.Herdreamtoofferpeoplefreehaircuts.27.What’sthepurposeofStellerKindnessProject?A.Tomakecontributionstocharity.B.Toencouragepeopletospreadkindness.C.Torewardkindpeoplewithfreemakeovers.D.TocollectmovingstoriesforSteller’swebsite.,【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了KatieSteller走上街头为人们免费理发，让他们感觉没有那么孤独。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Ihaveafuneral(葬礼)togotothisweek.Iwasreallyhopingtogetahaircut.(我这周要去参加一个葬礼。我真的希望理一次发。)”可知，Edward答应Steller提供的免费理发，是因为他想让自己在一个特殊的场合看起来好一点。故选B项。【25题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段对Edward的描述“wassittingalone”及下一段中Steller说的话“Iwantittobeagateway,toshowvalueandrespect(我想让它成为一个通向展示价值和尊重的入口)”可知，Steller是为那些缺少关爱和尊重的人免费理发，所以短语“livingonthemargins”意为“缺乏关爱和关注地生活”，故选A项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，Steller得了溃疡性结肠炎后，头发稀少，所以妈妈给她安排了一次专业的理发，那次理发经历让她感觉到被关爱，不那么孤独了，再结合倒数第四段“Afterthat,Stellerknewshewantedtohaveherownhairsalonsoshecouldhelppeoplefeelthewayshe’dfeltthatday.(从那之后，Steller知道她想拥有自己的理发店，这样就可以帮助人感觉到她那天感受到的)”可知，是Steller自己的一次正式理发经历让她想开自己的理发店。故选C项。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Herhopeisthatbyreadingaboutkindacts,otherswillbeinspiredtodotheirown.(她的希望是通过读善良的行为，别人也会被鼓励自己做善事)”可知，StellerKindnessProject的目的是鼓励人们传播善意。故选B项。CWeallknowthevalueoftakingawalkinthefreshspringweather.Itallowsyourmindtorelaxandforgetabouttheproblemsineverydaylife.Studieshavecommonlyshownthebenefitsofbeingaroundgreenspaces,includinggardens,urbanparksandforests.Butdidyouknowthatbeingincontactwiththesenaturalsurroundingsduringchildhoodcouldpositivelyimpact(影响)yourmentalhealthasanadult?AstudybytheBarcelonaInstituteforGlobalHealth(ISGlobal)surveyed3,600peoplefromalloverEurope,includingSpain,theNetherlands,LithuaniaandtheUK.,Theall-adultstudygaveparticipantsaquestionnaire(问卷)onhowfrequentlytheyusednaturalspacesduringchildhood—forexample,playinginagarden,ridingabikeattheparkorhikinginaforest.Theywerealsoaskedabouttheimportancetheyputonusingsuchplaces.Volunteerswerethengivenapsychological(心理)test,whichincludedavarietyofquestionnairesandproblem-solvingactivities,toanalyzetheirnervousnessandfeelingsofdepression(抑郁)withinafour-weekperiod.Theresultsconsistentlyshowedthatthepeoplewhoweremoreexposed(暴露的)tonaturalspaceshadhighermentalhealthscorescomparedtothosewithlowerchildhoodexposure—asdidthosewhoattachedhigherimportancetousinggreenspaces.Thestudy’scoordinator(协调员),WilmaZijlema,wrotethattheresults“showtheimportanceofchildhoodexposuretonaturalspacesforthedevelopmentofanature-appreciatingattitudeandahealthypsychologicalstateinadulthood”.Shealsostressedtheimportanceof“recognizingtheimplications(含义)ofgrowingupinenvironmentswithlimitedopportunitiesforexposuretonature”.Accordingtothestudy,73percentofEurope’spopulationonlyhaslimitedaccess(接触机会)tonaturalspaces.MarkNieuwenhuijsen,directorofISGlobal’sUrbanPlanning,saidthat“ManychildreninEuropeleadanindoorlifestyle…sowecallonpolicymakerstoimprovetheavailability(可得性)ofnaturalspacesforchildren.”WhilethisstudywasbasedinEurope,alackofgreenspacecanaffectanyone,anywhere.Soremembertomaketimetoimmerseyourselfinnature,asyourmentalhealthisjustasimportantasthephysicalone.28.WhatwasthepurposeoftheISGlobal’swalkingstudy?A.Toexaminetheadvantagesoftakingawalk.B.Tounderstandthementalhealthproblemsofchildren.C.Toseehowchildhoodexperiencesshapeadultlife.D.Tostudytheinfluenceofchildhoodexposuretonaturalspaces.29.Whatdoweknowaboutthestudy?A.Theparticipantsincludedbothchildrenandadults.B.Theparticipantswerefromallovertheworld.C.Itconsistedofaquestionnaireandapsychologicaltest.D.Itfocusedontheparticipants’physicalhealthstate.30.WhatdoParagraphs7-8mainlytalkabout?A.Theresultsofthestudy.B.Thevalueofthestudy.,C.Themethodofthestudy.D.Theprocessofthestudy.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“immerse”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Loseoneselfinsomething.B.Understandsomething.C.Protectagainstsomething.D.Imaginedoingsomething.【答案】28.D29.C30.A31.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项对“绿色空间的好处”的调查研究，研究发现童年时接触自然环境会对成年后的心理健康产生积极影响。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段Butdidyouknowthatbeingincontactwiththesenaturalsurroundingsduringchildhoodcouldpositivelyimpact(影响)yourmentalhealthasanadult?(但你知道童年时接触这些自然环境会对成年后的心理健康产生积极影响吗？)及第三段AstudybytheBarcelonaInstituteforGlobalHealth(ISGlobal)surveyed3,600peoplefromalloverEurope,includingSpain,theNetherlands,LithuaniaandtheUK.(巴塞罗那全球健康研究所的一项研究调查了来自欧洲各地的3600人，包括西班牙、荷兰、立陶宛和英国)可推知，ISGlobal步行研究的目的是研究儿童接触自然空间的影响。故选D。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的Theall-adultstudygaveparticipantsaquestionnaire(问卷)onhowfrequentlytheyusednaturalspacesduringchildhood(这项全成人的研究向参与者发放了一份问卷，询问他们在童年时期使用自然空间的频率)及第五段中的Volunteerswerethengivenapsychological(心理的)test(志愿者被给定一个心理测试)可知，这项研究由问卷调查和心理测试组成。故选C。【30题详解】主旨大意题。根据第七段中的Thestudy’scoordinator(协调员),WilmaZijlema,wrotethattheresults“showtheimportanceofchildhoodexposuretonaturalspacesforthedevelopmentofanature-appreciatingattitudeandahealthypsychologicalstateinadulthood”.(这项研究的协调人威尔玛·兹杰勒玛写道，研究结果“显示了童年时期接触自然环境对成年后培养欣赏自然的态度和健康的心理状态的重要性”)及第八段中的Accordingtothestudy,73percentofEurope’spopulationonlyhaslimitedaccess(接触机会)tonaturalspaces.(根据这项研究，73%的欧洲人只能有限地进入自然空间)可知，第七、八段主要讨论的是研究的结果。故选A。【31题详解】,词义猜测题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项“绿色空间的好处”的调查研究，研究发现童年时接触自然环境会对成年后的心理健康产生积极影响。因此作者应该是呼吁人们去接触自然环境。由此推知，划线词immerse与Loseoneselfinsomething.(使自己沉溺于某事)意思接近。故选A。DYouhaveprobablyheardoftheMozarteffect.It’stheideathatifchildrenorevenbabieslistentomusiccomposedbyMozart,theywillbecomemoreintelligent.AquickInternetsearchrevealsplentyofproductstoassistyouinthetask.WhateveryourageisthereareCDsandbookstohelpyoutastethepowerofMozart’smusic,butwhenitcomestoscientificevidencethatitcanmakeyoumoreclever,thepictureismoremixed.Thephrase“theMozarteffect”wasmadeupin1991,butitwasastudydescribedtwoyearslaterinthejournalNaturethatsparkedrealmediaandpublicinterestabouttheideathatlisteningtoclassicalmusicsomehowimprovesthebrain.Itisoneofthoseideasthatsoundreasonable.Mozartwasundoubtedlyageniushimself;hismusiciscomplexandthereisahopethatifwelistentoenoughofit,we’llbecomemoreintelligent.Theideatookoff,withthousandsofparentsplayingMozarttotheirchildren,andin1998ZellMiller,theGovernorofthestateofGeorgiaintheUS,evenaskedformoneytobesetasideinthestatebudgetsothateverynewbornbabycouldbesentaCDofclassicalmusic.ItwasnotjustbabiesandchildrenwhowereexposedtoMozart’smusiconpurpose,evenanItalianfarmerproudlyexplainedthatthecowswereplayedMozartthreetimesadaytohelpthemproducebettermilk.I’llleavethedebateontheimpactonmilkyieldtofarmers,butwhatabouttheevidencethatlisteningtoMozartmakespeoplemoreintelligent?Moreresearchwascarriedoutbutananalysisofsixteendifferentstudiesconfirmedthatlisteningtomusicdoesleadtoatemporaryimprovementintheabilitytohandleshapesmentally,butthebenefitsareshort-livedanditdoesn’tmakeusmoreintelligent.32.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?A.Mozartcomposedmanymusicalpiecesforchildren.B.ChildrenlisteningtoMozartwillbemoreintelligent.C.TherearefewproductsontheInternetaboutMozart’smusic.D.ThereislittlescientificevidencetosupporttheMozarteffect.33.WhydidmanypeoplebelieveintheideaoftheMozarteffect?A.BecauseastudydescribeditinthejournalNature.B.BecauseMozarthimselfwasagenius.C.BecauseMozart’smusicisenjoyable.D.BecauseMozart’smusicmakespeoplerelaxed.,34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheMozarteffect?A.Favorable.B.Subjective.C.Doubtful.D.Positive.【答案】32.D33.B34.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍许多人相信听莫扎特的音乐会让人更聪明，但研究表明这种影响是短暂的，并不能让人们更加聪明。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“WhateveryourageisthereareCDsandbookstohelpyoutastethepowerofMozart’smusic,butwhenitcomestoscientificevidencethatitcanmakeyoumoreclever,thepictureismoremixed.(无论你的年龄是多少，都有CD和书籍可以帮助你品味莫扎特音乐的力量，但当涉及到科学证据表明它可以让你更聪明时，情况就更复杂了)”可知，几乎没有科学证据支持莫扎特效应——听莫扎特音乐能让你更聪明。故选D。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Mozartwasundoubtedlyageniushimself;hismusiciscomplexandthereisahopethatifwelistentoenoughofit,we’llbecomemoreintelligent.(毫无疑问，莫扎特本人就是一个天才；他的音乐是复杂的，我们希望，如果我们听得足够多，我们就会变得更聪明)”可知，很多人相信莫扎特效应是因为莫扎特自己是一个天才。故选B。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Moreresearchwascarriedoutbutananalysisofsixteendifferentstudiesconfirmedthatlisteningtomusicdoesleadtoatemporaryimprovementintheabilitytohandleshapesmentally,butthebenefitsareshort-livedanditdoesn’tmakeusmoreintelligent.(虽然进行了更多的研究，但是对16个不同研究的分析证实，听音乐确实能够暂时提高我们的心智处理形状的能力，但是好处是短暂的，并不能使我们变得更聪明)”可推知，作者对莫扎特效应的态度是怀疑的。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoStudyMoreEffectivelyNomatterwhetheryouarepreparingforsomespecificcourse,aprofessionaldegree,oranentranceexam,it’simportanttomaximizestudytimeandimprovetheefficiencyofstudy.____35____Youcanuseacalendar,anapp,orapinboardtimetabletodraftaschedulethatworksbestforyou.Includethestudytime,sleep,andthesocializingtimeintheschedule.Makesureyougiveyourselfmoretime,thanyouthinkyouneed,especiallyifit’sasubjectyoustrugglewith.Youcanalsocutyourstudytimeintoshortsessions.Yourmostproductivestudyingtypicallyoccurswithinthefirst25to30minutesofhittingbooks,sotrytostudyin30minutes,andtakea5—10minutebreak,sothatyouareabletoabsorbandconsolidatetheinformation.____36____Studyingisn’tonlyspendinghoursandhoursonlistofwhatyouthinkwillbeonanexamorquiz.____37____Thiscanbedonethroughasix-stepapproach:remembering,understanding,applying,analyzing,evaluatingandcreating.Youshouldfocusonamethodthatwillhelpyouachieveahigherleveloflearning.Thehigherlevelsoflearningfocusonaskingquestionssuchaswhatif,howandwhyratherthanwhere,whatandwho.____38____Researchshowsthatbeingtestedisnotonlyusefulinevaluatinghowwellyouhavelearnedsomethingbutalsovaluableforavoidingfuturemistakes.Answeringquestionsunsuccessfullycanhelpyouunderstandconceptsbetter.Ifyourprofessoroffersyoupracticeexams,takethemhomeandlearnfromthem.Understandwhyyougotcertainquestionswrongandothersright.____39____Forceeachothertoexpandanswersinordertounderstandthematerialbetter.Followingthesuggestionstostudymoreeffectivelywillmeanshorterandmoreefficientstudysessions,andeventually,bettergrades!A.Youcanquizyourselfwheneverpossible.B.Effectivestudyingstartswiththerightattitude.C.Itisimportanttostudyinasmartwayandgotheextramile.D.Studywithfriendsorclassmatesandquestioneachotheronthematerial.E.Youaremorelikelytodowellbeforeaquizwhenyouhavetimetoreview.F.Creatingascheduleisthefirstandmostimportantthingtomaximizeyourstudytime.G.Thisiswhyacertainbalanceshouldbemadeandstudyingtimeshouldbecutintoshortersessions.【答案】35.F36.G37.C38.A39.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。无论你是在准备一些特定的课程，专业学位，还是入学考试，最大限度地利用学习时间，提高学习效率都是很重要的。文章主要介绍了一些更有效学习的方法。【35题详解】根据后文“Youcanuseacalendar,anapp,orapinboardtimetabletodraftaschedulethatworksbestforyou.Includethestudytime,sleep,andthesocializingtimeintheschedule.Makesureyougiveyourselfmoretimethanyouthinkyouneed,especiallyifit’sasubjectyoustrugglewith.(你可以使用日历、应用程序或针板时间表来起草最适合你的时间表。包括学习时间、睡眠时间和社交时间。确保你给自己的时间比你认为自己需要的更,多，尤其是当这是一个你正在努力克服的问题时)”可知，本段的建议是制定学习时间表，F选项中aschedule对应后文中aschedule。故F选项“制定学习计划是最大化你的学习时间的首要也是最重要的事情”符合语境，故选F。【36题详解】根据上文“Youcanalsocutyourstudytimeintoshortsessions.Yourmostproductivestudyingtypicallyoccurswithinthefirst25to30minutesofhittingbooks,sotrytostudyin30minutes,andtakea5—10minutebreak,sothatyouareabletoabsorbandconsolidatetheinformation.(你也可以把你的学习时间缩短。你最有效的学习通常发生在阅读的前25-30分钟，所以试着在30分钟学习，休息5到10分钟，以便你能够吸收和巩固知识)”可知，上文提到的建议是缩短学习时间，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续对这一做法进行说明，G选项中becutintoshortersessions对应上文中cutyourstudytimeintoshortsessions。故G选项“这就是为什么应该做出某种平衡，把学习时间缩短为更短的时间”符合语境，故选G。【37题详解】根据上文“Studyingisn’tonlyspendinghoursandhoursonlistofwhatyouthinkwillbeonanexamorquiz.(学习并不仅仅是花费大量的时间在你认为会在考试或小测验中出现的东西上)”以及后文“Thiscanbedonethroughasix-stepapproach:remembering,understanding,applying,analyzing,evaluatingandcreating.Youshouldfocusonamethodthatwillhelpyouachieveahigherleveloflearning.Thehigherlevelsoflearningfocusonaskingquestionssuchaswhatif,howandwhyratherthanwhere,whatandwho.(这可以通过六个步骤来实现：记忆、理解、应用、分析、评估和创造。你应该专注于一种能帮助你达到更高水平学习的方法。更高层次的学习侧重于问“如果”、“如何”和“为什么”等问题，而不是“在哪里”、“做什么”和“谁”)”可知，上文提到“学习并不仅仅是花费大量的时间在你认为会在考试或小测验中出现的东西上”，后文则提到了学习的六个步骤，可知本句应承接上文继续说明学习方式。故C选项“以一种聪明的方式学习并加倍努力是很重要的”符合语境，故选C。【38题详解】根据后文“Researchshowsthatbeingtestedisnotonlyusefulinevaluatinghowwellyouhavelearnedsomethingbutalsovaluableforavoidingfuturemistakes.(研究表明，接受测试不仅有助于评估你学到了什么，而且对避免未来的错误也很有价值)”可知，后文提到了接受测试的好处，可知本句是在建议测试自己，A选项中quiz对应后文中beingtested。故A选项“你可以随时测试自己”符合语境，故选A。【39题详解】根据后文“Forceeachothertoexpandanswersinordertounderstandthematerialbetter.(为了更好地理解材料，迫使对方展开答案)”可知，后文提到了迫使对方展开答案，可知本句是在说明后文提到的“对方”包括哪些人，D选项中question对应后文answers。故D选项“,与朋友或同学一起学习，并就材料互相提问”符合语境，故选D。第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。GoodTasteofKnowledgeTheaimofeducationorcultureismerelythedevelopmentofgoodtasteinknowledgeandgoodforminconduct.Theculturedmanortheidealeducatedmanisnotnecessarilyonewhoiswell-readorlearned,butonewholikesanddislikestherightthings.Toknowwhattoloveandwhattohateistohavetasteinknowledge.Nothingismoreannoyingthantomeetapersonatapartywhosemindiscrammed(填塞)fullwithhistoricaldatesandfiguresandwhoisextremelywell-postedoncurrentinternationalaffairs,butwhoseattitudesorpointsofviewareallwrong.Ihavemetsuchpeople.Theydohavegreatacademicknowledge,butnogoodjudgmentortaste.Beingknowledgeableisamerematterofthecrammingoffactsorinformationwhilehavinggoodtasteisamatterofartisticjudgment.Inspeakingofascholar,theChinesegenerallydistinguishbetweentheirscholarship,conductandtaste.Aneducatedman,therefore,isonewhohastherightlovesandhatreds.Thiswecalltaste,andwithtastecomescharm.Now,tohavetasterequiresacapacityforthinkingthingsthroughtothebottom,theindependenceofjudgment,andtheunwillingnesstobeaffectedbyanyformofpower.Whenamaniswrong,heiswrong,andthereisnoneedforonetobeimpressedbyagreatnameorbythenumberofbooksthathehasreadandwehaven’t.Taste,theniscloselyassociatedwithcourage,astheChinesealwaysassociateddan(胆)withshi(识).Andcourageorindependenceofjudgment,asweknow,issuchararevirtueamonghumankind.Weseethisintellectualcourageorindependenceduringthechildhoodofallthinkersandwriterswhoinlaterlifeamounttoanything.Suchapersonrefusestobeimpressedbyaphilosophicvogueorafashionabletheory,eventhoughitisbackedbythegreatestname.Thisistasteinknowledge.Nodoubtsuchintellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentrequiresacertainchildish,naive(单纯的)confidenceinoneself,butthisselfistheonlythingthatonecanclingto,andthemomentastudentgivesuphisrightofpersonaljudgment,heisinforacceptingallthedishonestandinsincereoflife.40.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthegoalofeducation?________________________________________________________41.Whyisawell-readmannotnecessarilyaneducatedone?________________________________________________________,42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.➣Intellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentbuildsconfidenceinoneself.________________________________________________________43.PleasenameonepersonwiththequalitiesofdanandshiinChinesehistoryandexplainwhataboutthispersonmakesyouthinkso.(Inabout40words)________________________________________________________【答案】40.Thegoalofeducationismerelythedevelopmentofgoodtasteinknowledgeandgoodforminconduct.41.Beingknowledgeableisamerematterofthecrammingoffactsorinformationwhilehavinggoodtasteisamatterofartisticjudgment.Aneducatedmanhastherightlovesandhatredsandtheyhaveacapacityforthinkingthingsthroughtothebottom,theindependenceofjudgment,andtheunwillingnesstobeaffectedbyanyformofpower.Soawell-readmannotnecessarilyaneducatedone.42.Intellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentbuildsconfidenceinoneself.Intellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentrequiresacertainchildish,naiveconfidenceinoneself.Theword“builds”iswrong.43.Forexample,onepersonwiththequalitiesofdanandshiinChinesehistoryisConfucius.Confuciusseemedtoliavefeltthatscholarshipwithoutthinkingwasmoredangerousthanthinkingunbackedbyscholarship;hesaid,“Thinkingwithoutlearningmakesoneflighty,andlearningwithoutthinkingisadisaster.”Hemusthaveseenenoughstudentsofthelattertypeinhisdaysforhimtoutterthiswarning,awarningverymuchneededinthemodernschools.【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们一个理想的受过教育的人，不一定要学富五车，而只须明于鉴别善恶；能够辨别何者是可爱，何者是可憎的，即是在智识上能鉴别。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Theaimofeducationorcultureismerelythedevelopmentofgoodtasteinknowledgeandgoodforminconduct.(教育或文化的目的仅仅是培养良好的知识品味和良好的行为方式。)”可知，教育的目的培养良好的知识品味和良好的行为方式。故答案为Thegoalofeducationismerelythedevelopmentofgoodtasteinknowledgeandgoodforminconduct。【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Theydohavegreatacademicknowledge,butnogoodjudgmentortaste.Beingknowledgeableisamerematterofthecrammingoffactsorinformationwhilehavinggoodtasteisamatterofartisticjudgment.(他们确实有渊博的学术知识，但没有良好的判断力和品味。知识渊博仅仅是对事实或信息的填鸭式记忆，而有品位则是艺术判断的问题。)”以及第三段“Aneducatedman,therefore,isonewhohastheright,lovesandhatreds.Thiswecalltaste,andwithtastecomescharm.Now,tohavetasterequiresacapacityforthinkingthingsthroughtothebottom,theindependenceofjudgment,andtheunwillingnesstobeaffectedbyanyformofpower.(因此，一个受过教育的人是一个有正确的爱和恨的人。我们称之为品味，品味带来魅力。要有品味，需要有一种彻底思考事物的能力，独立的判断能力，以及不愿受任何形式的权力影响的能力。)”可知，读书很多的人只是对知识的填鸭式记忆，而一个真正受过教育的人应该是有深入思考能力和有独立判断能力的人。所以读书很多的人并不一定是受过教育的人。故答案为Beingknowledgeableisamerematterofthecrammingoffactsorinformationwhilehavinggoodtasteisamatterofartisticjudgment.Aneducatedmanhastherightlovesandhatredsandtheyhaveacapacityforthinkingthingsthroughtothebottom,theindependenceofjudgment,andtheunwillingnesstobeaffectedbyanyformofpower.Soawell-readmannotnecessarilyaneducatedone.【42题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段“Nodoubtsuchintellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentrequiresacertainchildish,naive(单纯的)confidenceinoneself(毫无疑问，这种智力上的勇气或独立判断需要一定的幼稚，单纯的对自己的信心)”可知，这种智力的勇气和独立判断需要信心不是建立信心。故答案为Intellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentbuildsconfidenceinoneself.Intellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentrequiresacertainchildish,naiveconfidenceinoneself.Theword“builds”iswrong.【43题详解】考查观点态度。根据问题“PleasenameonepersonwiththequalitiesofdanandshiinChinesehistoryandexplainwhataboutthispersonmakesyouthinkso.(请说出中国历史上一个具有“胆”和“识”特质的人的名字，并解释为什么你会这样认为)”。例如孔子，孔子似乎一直认为，没有思想的学术比没有学术支持的思想更危险；他说：“思而不学则罔，学而不思则殆。”他在他的时代一定见过很多后一种类型的学生，才会发出这样的警告，这是现代学校非常需要的警告。故答案为Forexample,onepersonwiththequalitiesofdanandshiinChinesehistoryisConfucius.Confuciusseemedtoliavefeltthatscholarshipwithoutthinkingwasmoredangerousthanthinkingunbackedbyscholarship;hesaid,“Thinkingwithoutlearningmakesoneflighty,andlearningwithoutthinkingisadisaster.”Hemusthaveseenenoughstudentsofthelattertypeinhisdaysforhimtoutterthiswarning,awarningverymuchneededinthemodernschools.第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你所在的校篮球队正在招收新队员，请给你班交换生Jim写一封电子邮件邀请他加入，内容包括：1.邀请原因及球队简介；2.报名方式及截止日期。,注意:1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。提示词：recruitnewplayersDearJim,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,I’mwritingtotellyouthatourschool’sbasketballteamisrecruitingnewmembers.Iknowyou’reverygoodatplayingbasketball.Whynottakethisopportunitytojoinourschoolteam?Somedetailsabouttheteamareasfollows.Thecoachingteamisveryprofessionalandourschoolteamhaswonmanyawardsinvariouscompetitions.WehaveregulartrainingforabouttwohoursontheplaygroundafterschooleveryFriday.Ifyouwanttoapplyforthemembership,youarerequiredtofillintheapplicationformandsubmitittoschoolsportsofficebythisFriday.Areyouinterested?Ifyouneedanyhelp,Iwouldbeverygladtohelpyou.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给你班交换生Jim写一封电子邮件邀请他加入你校篮球队，内容包括：邀请原因及球队简介；报名方式及截止日期。【详解】1.词汇积累机会：opportunity→chance各种各样的：various→avarietyof比赛：competitions→contests高兴：glad→happy2.句式拓展,简单句变复合句原句：Thecoachingteamisveryprofessionalandourschoolteamhaswonmanyawardsinvariouscompetitions.拓展句：Notonlyisthecoachingteamveryprofessionalbutalsoourschoolteamhaswonmanyawardsinvariouscompetitions.【点睛】[高分句型1]I’mwritingtotellyouthatourschool’sbasketballteamisrecruitingnewmembers.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)[高分句型2]Ifyouwanttoapplyforthemembership,youarerequiredtofillintheapplicationformandsubmitittoschoolsportsofficebythisFriday.(运用了if引导的状语从句),