北京市房山区2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期中试题（Word版附解析）

2023北京房山高二(下)期中英语第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Formostpeople,havingthingsstolenfeelslikeanoffence.RobbiePruittadmittedthathegotmadwhenhediscoveredthetheftofhismountainbikelastSeptember.Butsoonenough,his___1___tookaturn.Afterlettinggoofhisangerandfrustration,hefoundhimselfonaroadtosympathyinstead.ForRobbie,akeenbicyclist,thefirstthingtodowas___2___hisstolenbike.Butwhenhewentshopping,hefoundfewavailable,whichgothimthinking:WhatifthelackofbikeswasCovid-19related,andwhatifthepersonwho’dtakenhisbikereallyneeded___3___togettowork?Withthatthoughtinmind,Robbiecameupwithaplanandposteditonthecommunitywebsite.He___4___tofixbikesfreeofchargeforanyonewhoneededit.Healsoaskedforunwantedbikes,whichhewouldrepair—againforfree.Andthenhewoulddonatethemtofolkswhocouldtrulyusethembutdidn’thavethe___5___tobuyone.Thedaythepostwentlive,Robbiereceivedthirtyusedbicycles.Thencamemorethan500enquiriesfordetailedinformation.Bytheendof2020,Robbiehadrepairedmorethan140fordonationortobe___6___totheirowners.Robbietriestogivehisdonationstofamiliesthataretruly___7___.Uponsimplysatisfyingamaterialneed,hehasprovidedanopportunityforkidsinhisneighborhoodtolearnhowtofixtheirownbikes.Inadditiontopracticalskills,Robbie’slessonsteachteamwork,encourageself-worth,andpromotefeelingsofcommunity.___8___,thekidshavegainedasenseofaccomplishment.“It’sareallygreatexperienceforkids,”saidaneighborinaninterviewwiththelocalnewspaper.“Robbieiscertainlyprovidinga___9___,butit’snotjustthebikes.It’stherelationshipsinthecommunity.It’sthe____10____thathecanmakeonpeople.”1.A.emotionsB.careerC.opinionsD.route2.A.rideB.lockC.repairD.replace3.A.instructionB.qualificationC.transportationD.permission4.A.offeredB.refusedC.hesitatedD.remembered5.A.profitB.budgetC.courageD.excuse 6.A.exportedB.soldC.lentD.returned7.A.demandingB.strugglingC.fightingD.requesting8.A.OtherwiseB.HoweverC.SomehowD.Meanwhile9.A.serviceB.competitionC.ceremonyD.suggestion10.A.compromiseB.impressionC.impactD.progress【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.A5.B6.D7.B8.D9.A10.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了RobbiePruitt在自行车被盗后萌生了帮人修自行车的想法，他不仅修车，还把修好的二手车捐给那些真正需要但没有预算买车的人。他还给邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会。Robbie的行为给人们带来了巨大的影响。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但很快，他的情绪就发生了转变。A.emotions情绪；B.career职业；C.opinions想法；D.route路线。根据下文“Afterlettinggoofhisangerandfrustration,hefoundhimselfonaroadtosympathyinstead.”可知，他原本是愤怒和沮丧的，但后来变成了同情，这是他情绪的变化。故选A项。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于热衷骑自行车的Robbie来说，要做的第一件事就是替换他被盗的自行车。A.ride骑；B.lock锁上；C.repair修理；D.replace替换。根据下文“Butwhenhewentbikeshopping,”可知，自行车丢了，他想换新车。故选D项。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是当他去买自行车时，他发现几乎没有车，这让他思考：如果缺乏自行车与新冠肺炎相关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A.instruction指令；B.qualification资格；C.transportation交通工具；D.permission许可。由本句“thepersonwho’dtakenhisbikereallyneeded3togettowork?”可推知，他猜想偷车人需要自行车作为上班的交通工具。故选C项。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他主动提出为任何需要的人免费修理自行车。A.offered主动提出；B.refused拒绝；C.hesitated犹豫；D.remembered记得。根据上文“Robbiecameupwithaplanandposteditonthecommunitywebsite”可知，他将自己的想法和计划发布到网站上，说明是他主动提出为别人免费修理自行车。选A项。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要但没有预算买的人。A.profit利润；B. budget预算；C.courage勇气；D.excuse借口。根据句中“donatethemtofolkswhocouldtrulyusethem”可知，这些修好的旧车是用于捐赠的，所以是捐给需要但没有预算买车的人。故选B项。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：到2020年底，Robbie已经修复了超过140辆自行车用于捐赠或归还给它们的主人。A.exported出口；B.sold出售；C.lent借给；D.returned归还。根据句中“totheirowners”可知，部分修好的车也会归还给它们的主人。故选D项。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Robbie试图把他的自行车捐给那些真正在艰苦奋斗的家庭。A.demanding强烈要求；B.struggling奋斗，挣扎；C.fighting打架；D.requesting请求。根据上文“Andthenhewoulddonatethemtofolkswhocouldtrulyusethembutdidn’thavethe5tobuyone.”可知，自行车是捐给真正需要但没有预算买的人，即在在艰苦奋斗的贫穷家庭。故选B项。【8题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，孩子们获得了一种成就感。A.Otherwise否则；B.However然而；C.Somehow不知怎么地；D.Meanwhile与此同时。上文“Robbie’slessonsteachteamwork,encourageself-worth,andpromotefeelingsofcommunity.”说他的行为带来诸多益处，句中“thekidshavegainedasenseofaccomplishment”承接上文，说Robbie还给孩子们带来成就感，上下文是并列关系，用连接副词meanwhile。故选D项。【9题详解】考查名词词义辩词。句意：Robbie当然会提供服务，但不仅仅是自行车。A.service服务；B.competition比赛；C.ceremony仪式；D.suggestion建议。根据前文可知，Robbie免费修自行车，教授孩子们如何修车，这都是由他所提供的服务。故选A项。【10题详解】考查名词词义辩词。句意：而是他对人们的影响。A.compromise妥协；B.impression印象；C.impact巨大影响；D.progress进步。根据上文“Uponsimplysatisfyingamaterialneed,hehasprovidedanopportunityforkidsinhisneighborhoodtolearnhowtofixtheirownbikes.Inadditiontopracticalskills,Robbie’slessonsteachteamwork,encourageself-worth,andpromotefeelingsofcommunity.”可知，Robbie的行为给人们带来了巨大的影响。故选C项。第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Ilastedtwodays.Thedetoxwas___11___(difficult)totoleratethanIhadexpected.IfeltlikeIhadlostanarm!Noteatingfortwodayswouldhavebeeneasier!Butonreflection,Icanseehowmuchofmytimehadbeenoccupiedwith___12___(check)myphone.NowI___13___(try)tospendlesstimeonlineandmoretimepickingupmyhobbies.【答案】11.moredifficult12.checking13.amtrying【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了我戒手机的情况。【11题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：脱瘾比我想象更难忍受。形容词difficult在句中作表语，结合句意和句中“thanIhadexpected”可知，应使用其比较级形式moredifficult，表示“更难的”。故填moredifficult。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：但仔细一想，我知道我有多少时间花在了查看手机上。介词with后用动名词作宾语。故填checking。【13题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：现在我试着少花点时间上网，多花点时间培养我的爱好。提示词是句子谓语动词，结合时态状语Now可知，讲述现阶段正在做的事情，用现在进行时态，又因主语是I，系动词应用am。故填amtrying。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Whatiscultureshock?WhenhefirstvisitedtheUS,MrLiwasconfusedonabus.Heofferedhisseattoanelderlyman,butthemanseemed___14___(annoy)andrefusedtotaketheseat.LaterMr.Li’sAmericanfriendsexplainedtohimthatintheUSitisnotadvisable,andevenoffensive,toofferyourseattoelderlypeople.ThisisverydifferentfromChina,wherepeople___15___(encourage)todoso.Fromtheexamplewecanseethatcultureshockisthefeelingofconfusionandanxietywhenyouencounter___16___(situation)wheretheculturalnorms(标准)inyourculturenolongerapply.【答案】14.annoyed15.areencouraged16.situations 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是文化冲击。【14题详解】考查形容词。句意：他给一位老人让座，但那位老人似乎很生气，拒绝让座。seem是系动词，提示词作表语，表明主语theman的心理状态，用-ed结尾形容词annoyed，意为“恼怒的，烦恼的”。故填annoyed。【15题详解】考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：这与中国非常不同，在中国，人们被鼓励去做这样的事情。encourage(鼓励)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语people之间是被动关系，根据句意可知，描述习惯性行为，应使用一般现在时态，且主语是集体名词people时，谓语动词常用复数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词使用are。故填areencouraged。【16题详解】考查名词复数。句意：从这个例子中我们可以看到，文化冲击是当你遇到你的文化规范不再适用的情况时，你感到困惑和焦虑。可数名词situation在句中作宾语，意为“情况”，结合语境，这种情况不止一个，应用复数名词situations，表泛指。故填situations。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TheQinmingFestival,originatingfromtheHanshiDay,isanopportunityforpeople___17___(remember)andhonortheirancestorsattombs.Anditbecameafestivalin732.Thenobservance(纪念)ofQingmingfoundafirmplace___18___Chinesecultureandcontinuedforover2500years.TheQingmingFestivalisatime___19___thesunshinesbrightly,treesandgrassbecomegreenandnatureisagainlively.Sinceancienttimes,people___20___(follow)thecustomofSpringOutings.【答案】17.toremember18.in19.when20.havefollowed【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了清明节。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：清明节，起源于寒食节，是人们在墓前纪念祖先的一个机会。抽象名词opportunity后常用不定式作后置定语；anopportunity(forsb.)todosth.“(某人)做某事的机会”。故填toremember。 【18题详解】考查介词。句意：然后，清明节在中国文化中占据了稳固的地位，并持续了2500年。表示“在中国文化中”用介词in；findafirmplacein...“在……中找到稳固的地位”。故填in。【19题详解】考查定语从句。句意：清明节是一个阳光明媚，树木和草地变绿，大自然又活跃起来的日子。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词time，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，表示“在那时”，应使用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。【20题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自古以来，人们就有春游的习俗。follow(沿袭，遵循)是句中谓语动词，根据时间状语Sinceancienttimes可知，动作从过去一直持续到现在，应使用现在完成时态，且主语是集体名词people时，谓语动词常用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时复数形式。故填havefollowed。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ABeingstranded(困住)inthewildernessisaterrifyingprospectforanyone,soforthosewhowanttobeprepared,thensurvivaltrainingcoursescouldbeagreatidea.Youcanlearnhowtosurviveinsomeofthemostextremeandunstableconditions.HerearesomeofthebestsurvivaltrainingcoursesyoucanfindacrosstheUSA.●BearGryllsSurvival—Availableinmanydifferentcountriesisthiswell-knownTVpersonality’scourseonsurvival.Thisinvolvesafive-dayadventure,withtwodaysofintensesurvivaltrainingfromBear.Youwillthenbedroppedontoanislandfor30hourstoputtheskillsyoujustlearnedtothetest.●BOSS28-DayFieldSurvival—Openingbackin1968,thisisthemostrenownedsurvivalschoolintheworld.Participantsspend28daysoutintheUtahwildernesswithlimitedsuppliesandequipment.Therearealsoshorterversionsofthecoursefor7to14dayperiodsaswellascoursesforkidsaswell.●AncientPathways—Themilitaryusesthissurvivalschoolfortheirdesertsurvivaltraining,soyouknowit’stherealdeal.There’salotofdifferentclassesonoffer,frombushcrafttoextremewildernesssurvival.Youcangoonthesecoursesfrom4to14dayperiods,andthere’sevenaknifeonlysurvivalcoursetoo.Thentheyhaveamoreintensivecourseavailableafterwardsthattakessurvivaltoawholenewlevelwithnofoodandwater.●MountainScoutSurvivalSchool—Foratrainingcoursethatisquicker(andcheaperaswell),theMountainScoutSchooloffersupone-daytrainingexperiencesjustoutsideofNewYork.Thesearegreatclassesforkidswho wanttolearnmoreabouturbansurvival.Therearealsocoursesontracking,trapping,firebuildingandothernecessarysurvivalskillsthatcouldendupsavingyourlife.21.WhatcanyoudoinAncientPathways?A.Takeacoursetojointhearmy.B.ExperiencethewildernessofUtah.C.Learnhowtosurviveonlywithaknife.D.Examinewhatyou’velearnedonanisland.22.Whatcoursesaresuitablefora12-year-oldboywhohasasenseofadventure?A.BearGryllsSurvival&AncientPathways.B.BearGryllsSurvival&BOSS28-DayFieldSurvival.C.AncientPathways&MountainScoutSurvivalSchool.D.BOSS28-DayFieldSurvival&MountainScoutSurvivalSchool.23.Thispassageisintendedfor___.A.militaryenthusiastsB.outdoorenthusiastsC.survivalexpertsD.educationexperts【答案】21.C22.D23.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国最好的四个生存训练课程。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据AncientPathways部分中“Youcangoonthesecoursesfrom4to14dayperiods,andthere’sevenaknifeonlysurvivalcoursetoo.(你可以参加为期4到14天的课程，甚至还有一个只有刀的生存课程)”可知，在AncientPathways，你将学会如何在只有一把刀的情况下生存。故选C项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据BOSS28-DayFieldSurvival部分中“Therearealsoshorterversionsofthecoursefor7to14dayperiodsaswellascoursesforkidsaswell.(也有7到14天的短期课程，还有儿童课程)”和MountainScoutSurvivalSchool部分中“Thesearegreatclassesforkidswhowanttolearnmoreabouturbansurvival.(对于想要了解更多城市生存知识的孩子来说，这些课程非常棒)”可知，BOSS28-DayFieldSurvival和MountainScoutSurvivalSchool两项适合有冒险精神的12岁男孩。故选D项。【23题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Beingstranded(困住)inthewildernessisaterrifyingprospectforanyone,soforthosewhowanttobeprepared,thensurvivaltrainingcoursescouldbeagreatidea.Youcanlearnhowto surviveinsomeofthemostextremeandunstableconditions.HerearesomeofthebestsurvivaltrainingcoursesyoucanfindacrosstheUSA.(被困在野外对任何人来说都是一件可怕的事情，所以对于那些想要做好准备的人来说，生存培训课程可能是一个好主意。你可以学习如何在一些最极端和不稳定的条件下生存。这里有一些你可以在美国各地找到的最好的生存训练课程)”可知，本文介绍了美国最好的四个生存训练课程，所以这篇文章是写给户外运动爱好者的。故选B项。BDearYear6atSnowdonValeCountySecondarySchool,Doyourememberweagreedtocirculateourideasforourschoolprojectthisyear?Well,hereisoursuggestionandwehopeyouwilljoinustodevelopit.Theideacametousintheautumnof2004whenourheadteachermadeanannouncementofanewstudentcomingfromacircus.Immediatelytherewaswhispering,“Thosearedirtypeople!”;“Theyeatrawmeat!”;“Theywearrags!”...Theteacherstoppedthetalkingseriously.Thenextmorningafterbeingintroducedtotheclass,Jakesatintheonlyspareseatnexttome.Hewassmallerthanmeandhaddirtyfingernails.Hisshirtwascleanbuthadbeenrepairedonmanyplaces.Asheseemedtohavenohandkerchiefandwassniffingloudly,Ipassedhimoneofmine.Immediatelytheboysbehindmebegantowhisper,“He’llgiveyoutheplaguewhenhereturnsit!”Jakemusthaveheardtheremarkstoo.Heseemedtobehavinggreatdifficultywithhismathematicstask.SoIleanedoverandexplainedtheproblemstohim.Ashelistened,hismouthsplitintoadazzlingsmile.Hiseyeslitupasifalighthadbeenturnedonandhereturnedtotheexerciseswithenthusiasm.Hefinishedthemquicklyandproudlypresentedthemtotheteacher.“Welldone,Jake,”sheapproved.“Nowyoucangoandworkonournewdatabase.”Jakebeamedandwassoonbusysortingoutinformationandaddingmoreofhisown.IthoughtabouthowJake’slifewouldbe.Irememberedseeingthecampsiteandthinkinghowpoorthefacilitieswere:onlyonetapforwater,noparticularplacetoputrubbishandasmalldirtywashingandtoiletarea.Iwonderedthatiftheywereimproved,thenperhapspeoplewouldnolongerberudetohim.Idecidedtohelp.Thisyear,weinourschoolplantoimprovethecampsite.Hopeyouwilljoinus.Bestwishes.FredSamsMeadowsideCountySecondarySchool24.WhydidtheotherstudentshaveunfriendlyremarksonJake?A.BecauseJakewasseeneatingrawmeat.B.BecauseJakelivedonacircuscampsite. C.BecauseJakewasnotgoodatmathematics.D.BecauseJakewasstruckbyaterribleplague.25.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph3?AJake’sclothingwasexactlywhattheotherstudentsexpected.B.FredSamsstoppedhelpingJakewhenotherboysheldhimback.C.Jakebrokeintoasmilebecausehefoundconfidenceinmathematics.D.Jakedidn’treplytothenegativeremarksbecausehedidn’thearthem.26.WhatcanbestdescribeJakeaccordingtothepassage?A.Friendlyandpolite.B.Impoliteandcold.C.Dullandreserved.D.Smartandenthusiastic.27.WhatisFred’spurposeinwritingthisletter?A.TonarratethestoryabouthisfriendshipwithJake.B.Tocallforotherstudents’helpwithaschoolproject.C.Tocriticisethediscriminationagainstcertainstudents.D.Todrawattentiontothepoorfacilitiesofthecampsite.【答案】24.B25.C26.D27.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。作者在信介绍了新同学杰克的情况，并号召同学们加入学校的营地改造计划来帮助他。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theideacametousintheautumnof2004whenourheadteachermadeanannouncementofanewstudentcomingfromacircus.Immediatelytherewaswhispering,‘Thosearedirtypeople!’;‘Theyeatrawmeat!’;‘Theywearrags!’(2004年秋天我们萌生了这个想法，那时我们的班主任宣布一个来自马戏团的新学生的到来。当时教室里立刻响起了窃窃私语：“那些人是肮脏的人！”；“他们吃生肉！”；“他们穿破衣服！”)”可知，其他学生对杰克说不友好的话是因为杰克生活在马戏团。故选B项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Hefinishedthemquicklyandproudlypresentedthemtotheteacher.‘Welldone,Jake,’sheapproved.‘Nowyoucangoandworkonournewdatabase.’Jakebeamedandwassoonbusysortingout informationandaddingmoreofhisown.(他很快就做完了，并自豪地把它们交给了老师。“干得好，杰克。”她赞许地说。“现在你可以去处理我们的新数据了。”杰克笑了，很快就忙着整理信息，并补充了更多他自己的信息)”可推知，因为受到老师的鼓励，对数学有了信心，所以杰克喜笑颜开。故选C项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“SoIleanedoverandexplainedtheproblemstohim.Ashelistened,hismouthsplitintoadazzlingsmile.Hiseyeslitupasifalighthadbeenturnedonandhereturnedtotheexerciseswithenthusiasm.(于是我俯身向他解释了问题所在。他听着，嘴角绽开灿烂的笑容。他的眼睛亮了起来，好像开了一盏灯，他又热情地继续练习)”可推知，杰克很快明白了我讲的内容，说明他很聪明(smart)；他听懂后马上继续练习，说明充满热情(enthusiastic)。故选D项。【27题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，结合书信第一段“Doyourememberweagreedtocirculateourideasforourschoolprojectthisyear?Well,hereisoursuggestionandwehopeyouwilljoinustodevelopit.(你还记得我们同意就今年的学校项目交流我们的想法吗？好吧，这是我们的建议，我们希望你能加入我们来推动它)”和最后一段中“Thisyear,weinourschoolplantoimprovethecampsite.Hopeyouwilljoinus.(今年，我们学校计划改进营地。希望你能加入我们)”可推知，Fred写这封信的目的是号召其它同学加入学校的营地改进计划，并提供帮助。故选B项。CSearchengineshavechangedthewayweusetheInternet,puttingvastsourcesofinformationjustafewclicksaway.ButHarvardprofessorofpsychologyLineDanielWegner’srecentresearchprovesthatwebsitesandtheInternetarechangingthewayourmemoriesfunction.Hislateststudyshowsthatwhenpeoplehaveaccesstosearchengines,theyrememberfewerfactsandlessinformationbecausetheyknowtheycanrelyon“search”asareadilyavailableshortcut.WegnerbelievesthenewfindingsshowthattheInternethasbecomepartofatransactivememory(交互记忆)source,amethodbywhichourbrainsdivideinformation.Transactivememoryexistsinmanyforms,aswhenahusbandreliesonhiswifetorememberarelative’sbirthday.Youdon’thavetoremembereverythingintheworldyourself.Youjusthavetorememberwhoknowsit.Nowcomputersandtechnologyarebecomingvirtualextensionsofourmemory.Wegnerconductedseveralexperimentstodemonstratethephenomenon,usingvariousformsofmemoryrecalltotestrelianceoncomputers.Inoneexperiment,participantsdemonstratedthattheyweremorelikelytothinkofcomputertermslike“Yahoo”or“Google”afterbeingaskedasetofdifficulttriviaquestions.Inanotherexperiment,participantstypedsomestatementsintoacomputerandtheyweretoldthestatementswouldbesaved inspecificfolders.Next,theywereaskedtorecallthestatements.Finally,theyweregivencuestothewordingandaskedtonamethefolderswherethestatementswerestored.Theparticipantsprovedbetterabletorecallthefolderlocationsthanthestatementsthemselves.Wegneradmitsthatquestionsremainaboutwhetherdependenceoncomputerswillaffectmemoriesnegatively:“Nobodyknowsnowwhattheeffectsofthesetoolsareonlogicalthinking.”Studentswhohavetroublerememberingdistinctfacts,forexample,maystruggletoemploythosefactsincriticalthinking.Buthebelievesthatthesituationoverallisbeneficial,comparingdependenceoncomputerstodependenceonamechanicalhand(机械手).Andeventhoughwemaynotbeusingourmemoriestorecalldistinctfacts,wearestillusingthemtoconsiderwherethefactsarelocatedandhowtoaccessthem.“Westillhavetorememberthings,”Wegnerexplains.“We’rejustrememberingadifferentrangeofthings.”28.Whydoesthewritermention“ahusbandreliesonhiswifetorememberarelative’sbirthday”inParagraph2?A.Toshowthatpeoplewhoarecloselyrelatedtendtohavesharedmemories.B.Todemonstratehowpeopleinitiallydevelopedexternalsourcesofmemory.C.Toemphasizetheeffectivenessandaccuracyoftransactivememorysources.D.Toillustratetheconceptofatransactivememorysourceusingafamiliarsituation.29.Whatdopeopletendtodointheexperimentwhenaskedtoprovideunfamiliarfacts?A.Thinkofspecificinformationsources.B.Recallthemfromtheirdeepmemories.C.Typeintocomputerandrememberthem.D.Linktheunfamiliarfactstotheirexperiences.30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Relianceoncomputersdoesnotnecessarilyreducehumanmemory.B.Computershavehelpedpeopletounderstandthememorysystembetter.C.Computerdependenceaffectsourthinkingcapacitiesinotherdistinctfields.D.Researchesshouldbedonetorevealthesideeffectofcomputerdependence.【答案】28.D29.A30.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了计算机和技术正在重塑我们大脑的功能，并说明了研究开展的过程及意义。【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“WegnerbelievesthenewfindingsshowthattheInternethasbecomepartofatransactivememory(交互记忆)source,amethodbywhichourbrainsdivideinformation.Transactivememoryexistsinmanyforms,aswhenahusbandreliesonhiswifetorememberarelative’sbirthday.(Wegner认为，新的发现表明互联网已经成为交互式记忆源的一部分，这是我们大脑划分信息的一种方法。交互记忆有多种形式，比如丈夫依靠妻子记住亲戚的生日)”推知，提到丈夫依靠妻子记住一个亲戚生日的例子，是用一个熟悉的情况来说明交互记忆源的概念。故选D。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Inoneexperiment,participantsdemonstratedthattheyweremorelikelytothinkofcomputertermslike“Yahoo”or“Google”afterbeingaskedasetofdifficulttriviaquestions.Inanotherexperiment,participantstypedsomestatementsintoacomputerandtheyweretoldthestatementswouldbesavedinspecificfolders.Next,theywereaskedtorecallthestatements.Finally,theyweregivencuestothewordingandaskedtonamethefolderswherethestatementswerestored.Theparticipantsprovedbetterabletorecallthefolderlocationsthanthestatementsthemselves.(在一项实验中，参与者在被问及一系列复杂的琐事问题后，他们更有可能想到“雅虎”或“谷歌”等计算机术语。在另一项实验中，参与者在电脑中输入一些语句，并被告知这些语句将被保存在特定的文件夹中。接下来，他们被要求回忆这些陈述。最后，研究人员给他们提示，并要求他们说出存放这些语句的文件夹名称。事实证明，参与者能够更好地回忆文件夹位置，而不是语句本身)”可知，从实验中我们知道，当被要求提供他们不熟悉的事实时，人们倾向于想到特定的信息源。故选A。30题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的““Nobodyknowsnowwhattheeffectsofthesetoolsareonlogicalthinking.”(现在没有人知道这些工具对逻辑思维的影响)”以及“Buthebelievesthatthesituationoverallisbeneficial,comparingdependenceoncomputerstodependenceonamechanicalhand(机械手).(但他认为，将对电脑的依赖与对机械手的依赖进行比较，总体而言情况是有益的)”和最后一段中“Andeventhoughwemaynotbeusingourmemoriestorecalldistinctfacts,wearestillusingthemtoconsiderwherethefactsarelocatedandhowtoaccessthem.“Westillhavetorememberthings,”Wegnerexplains.“We’rejustrememberingadifferentrangeofthings.”(尽管我们可能没有用记忆来回忆不同的事实，但我们仍然在用它们来考虑事实的位置以及如何获取它们。“我们仍然需要记住一些事情，”韦格纳解释道。“我们只是记住了一系列不同的事情。”)”可推知，对计算机的依赖并不一定会减少人类的记忆。故选A。DThereisaphotoinmycollectionthatIpulloutfromtimetotimetoremindmyselfofanoldvacation.It’sapictureofmefromthelate1970sonabenchinLondon’sVictoriaStation,myheadrestingagainstawall,eyes closedwithtiredness,clothesmessedup.Iusedtolovethatshot.Itwasevidenceofmyleisuretime,oftravel,ofinterruptionfromtheoffice:milescovered,sightsseen,trainstationsracedthrough,goalsachieved.However,asIleaveworktohitthevacationtrailthissummer,Itakealongsomethingextra.Thistravelingcompanionhasahabitofruiningtripswithfeelingsofguilt—theguiltthatcomesfromattemptingtovacationwhilethinkingofthejob.Theconflictbetweenthetimewewantoffandtheguiltwefeelwhenweactuallygiveintoleisureisalong-runningbattlethathasgonetoofar,drivenbyanover-schedulingcraze.Ithasmademanyfeelasiftheirfreemomentsareaformoftruancy(玩忽职守).It’shardtotakeiteasywhenyou’vebeenprogrammednotto.Wehavebeentaughtforgenerationsthatworkistheonlygoal.Timethatisunfilledisevil,weareledtobelieve,andunplannedenjoymentshouldbeavoided.Thisisreinforcedtodaybyaworkplaceculturethatwantsyoutobelievethatadvancementdependsonyourstayingonthejob.Researchnowshows,however,thatleisuretimecandosomethingjobadvancementandmoneycan’t.Leisureactivitiesincreaseyourdesiretoworkleadershipskills,yoursenseofawarenessandyourabilitytochange.Freetimealsopromotesapositivemoodandsenseofwell-being,becauseitdevelopsself-worth.Deepdown,everyoneknowsweneedtimeofftomakeourlivesbetter.Onholiday,usingyourproductiveoutputasameasureofyourselfdoesn’twork.Thisisbecauseavacationisn’taboutoutput;it’saboutinput—exploring,learning,reflecting.Themagicofaholidayisintheexperienceitself.Thisisthesameaslifesatisfaction;itcan’tbemeasured,onlyfelt.Thebestpartofavacationisn’tgoingsomewhereelse;it’sbeingwhereyouare,fullyinvolvedintheexperience.31.Theauthormentionsthephotoatthebeginningbecause____.A.itshowshowexhaustingleisuretravelcanbeB.itbringsbackgoodmemoriesofaleisurelytourCitshowsthewriteronceconsideredleisuretravelasagoalinitselfD.itprovesinterruptionsfromtheofficedonotspoiltheenjoymentoftravel32.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thistravelingcompanion”inParagraph3referto?A.Enjoyingleisuretime. B.Thinkingofone’sgoals.C.Interruptionsfromtheoffice.D.Thefeelingofguiltfornotworking.33.Whatisoneofthemainbenefitsofleisuretimeaccordingtothearticle?A.Itimprovesyourproductivity.B.Itisgoodforpersonaldevelopment.C.Itleadsdirectlytojobadvancement.D.Ithelpsyouseeyourgoalsinlifemoreclearly.34.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldwedowhileonvacation?A.Avoidmuchunplannedenjoyment.B.Ignorejobadvancementandmoney.C.Judgethevacationbyproductiveoutput.D.Enjoytheexperienceofbeingonvacation.【答案】31.B32.D33.B34.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者对于休闲旅行的看法，指出休闲时间对个人发展有好处，度假主要是关于输入——探索、学习、反思，度假的魅力就在于体验本身。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Itwasevidenceofmyleisuretime,oftravel,ofinterruptionfromtheoffice:milescovered,sightsseen,trainstationsracedthrough,goalsachieved.(这是我闲暇时间、旅行时间和被办公室打断的证据：走了几英里路，看过风景，匆匆走过火车站，实现了目标)”结合下文讲述现在人们旅行的状态推知，作者在第一段提到那张照片，是因为这让他想起了休闲旅行。故选B。【32题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段的“Thistravelingcompanionhasahabitofruiningtripswithfeelingsofguilt—theguiltthatcomesfromattemptingtovacationwhilethinkingofthejob.(这位旅伴有一个习惯，就是带着内疚感破坏旅行——这种内疚感来自于在考虑工作的同时试图度假)”和第四段的“Theconflictbetweenthetimewewantoffandtheguiltwefeelwhenweactuallygiveintoleisureisalong-runningbattlethathasgonetoofar,drivenbyanover-schedulingcraze.Ithasmademanyfeelasiftheirfreemomentsareaformoftruancy(玩忽职守).(我们想要休息的时间和我们实际上屈服于休闲时的内疚感之间的冲突是一场旷日持久的战斗，在过度安排日程的狂热推动下，这场战斗已经走得太远了。这让许多人觉得他们的空闲时间似乎是玩忽职守)”可知，“Thistravelingcompanion”指的是“去旅行而不工作的内疚感”。故选D。 【33题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Leisureactivitiesincreaseyourdesiretoworkleadershipskills,yoursenseofawarenessandyourabilitytochange.Freetimealsopromotesapositivemoodandsenseofwell-being,becauseitdevelopsself-worth.(休闲活动会增加你工作的欲望；你的领导技能，你的意识和你的改变能力。空闲时间也能促进积极的情绪和幸福感，因为它能发展自我价值)”可知，休闲时间对个人发展有好处。故选B。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Themagicofaholidayisintheexperienceitself.(度假的魅力就在于体验本身)”以及最后一段“Thebestpartofavacationisn’tgoingsomewhereelse;it’sbeingwhereyouare,fullyinvolvedintheexperience.(度假最好的部分不是去别的地方；而是置身其中，全身心地投入到体验中)”可知，作者建议人们度假时享受旅行的体验。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoDoaProperSocialMediaDetoxDespitetheinvolvementofdopamine(多巴胺),socialmediaaddictionisapsychologicaladdiction.Youneedtostoprewardingyourcurrentdopaminetriggerssothatyourbraincanreturntonormal.___35___Plus,you’remorelikelytocontinuouslygobackintoaddictionwithlittlehits.Herearethesimplestepstoatruesocialmediadetox:●Deactivateyouraccounts.___36___Anditwillalsosignaltoyourfriendsthatyou’reonadetox.ItiseasytofindouthowtodeactivateFacebook,Instagram,andLinkedIn.●Uninstallallsocialmediaapps.Thiswilleliminateallofthosenotificationsandalertsthatplaysuchacrucialroleinsocialmediaaddiction.Andyouwon’tbeaslikelytopoponeofthoseappsopeninmomentsofboredomorstillness.●Blockallsocialmediasites.Thisisforyourcomputers,laptops,andtablets.Useoneofthesewebfilteringtoolstorestrictaccesstosocialmediasites.___37___IalsohaveOpenDNSonmyrouter,whichblockssitesforalldevicesconnectedtoit.●___38___It’snotenoughtoremovesocialmediafromyourday.Youneedtofillthatemptyspacewithsomethingelse.Otherwise,you’rejustgoingtoclawyourwayback.Irecommendlearningnewskills,whethercreativehobbies,geekyDIYhobbies,orevenhobbyprogramming.●Stickwiththedetoxlongenough.Whilestudiesarestilllimitedonthis,mostexpertsagreethatittakesapproximatelythreemonths(or100days)fordopaminelevelstoreturntonormal.Itmaytakelongerdependingon howlongandhowintenselyyou’vebeenaddicted.___39___Onelastwordofadvice:Don’tpanic.Adetoxdoesn’thavetobepermanent—itjusthastobelongenoughtorewireyourbrainandbreakyououtoftheendlessdopaminecycle.Youcanalwayscomebacklater.A.Takeamomentandsearchyourheart.B.MypreferredtoolisK9WebProtection.C.Replacesocialmediawithanotheractivity.D.Thiswillserveasafenceagainstyoursuddenwishtocheckin.E.Youcan’tdoadetoxifyou’refeedingyourappetitehereandthere.F.Sodon’tbesurprisedifittakesupwardsofsixmonthsorevenayear.G.Likemostaddictions,ittakesholdofyoulongbeforeyourealizeitevenexists.【答案】35.E36.D37.B38.C39.F【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了戒掉社交媒体的方法。【35题详解】上文“Youneedtostoprewardingyourcurrentdopaminetriggerssothatyourbraincanreturntonormal.(你需要停止奖励你当前的多巴胺触发点，这样你的大脑才能恢复正常)”提出要停止满足多巴胺触发点，E项“Youcan’tdoadetoxifyou’refeedingyourappetitehereandthere.(如果你处处满足自己的欲望，你就无法实现脱瘾)”解释了原因：如果我们不断去满足自己对多巴胺的的欲望，我们就无法戒掉社交媒体，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。【36题详解】小标题“Deactivateyouraccounts.(停用你的帐户)”建议停用社交媒体帐号，D项“Thiswillserveasafenceagainstyoursuddenwishtocheckin.(这可以防止你突然想要登录)”解释了需要停用帐号的原因：没有帐号就可以避免再次登录，上下文构成因果关系。故选D项。【37题详解】下文“IalsohaveOpenDNSonmyrouter,whichblockssitesforalldevicesconnectedtoit.(我的路由器上也安装了OpenDNS，它可以屏蔽所有连接到它的设备的网站)”列举了作者使用的一种网络过滤工具，根据句中“alsohave”可推知，设空句中会提到另一种网络过滤工具。B项“MypreferredtoolisK9WebProtection.(我最喜欢的工具是K9WebProtection)”提到作者最喜欢的过滤工具K9WebProtection，与下文构成并列关系，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。【38题详解】设空句是段首小标题，根据下文“It’snotenoughtoremovesocialmediafromyourday.Youneedtofillthat emptyspacewithsomethingelse.Otherwise,you’rejustgoingtoclawyourwayback.Irecommendlearningnewskills,whethercreativehobbies,geekyDIYhobbies,orevenhobbyprogramming.(把社交媒体从你的生活中移除是不够的。你需要用别的东西来填补空白。否则，你很容易会网瘾复发。我建议学习新的技能，无论是创造性的爱好，极客DIY的爱好，甚至是编程的爱好)”可知，本段主要讲用其它活动来代替社交媒体。C项“Replacesocialmediawithanotheractivity.(用其他活动代替社交媒体)”是最佳标题。故选C项。【39题详解】上文“Whilestudiesarestilllimitedonthis,mostexpertsagreethatittakesapproximatelythreemonths(or100days)fordopaminelevelstoreturntonormal.Itmaytakelongerdependingonhowlongandhowintenselyyou’vebeenaddicted.(虽然在这方面的研究仍然有限，但大多数专家认为，多巴胺水平需要大约三个月(或100天)才能恢复正常。也可能需要更长的时间，这取决于你上瘾的时间和程度)”指出社交媒体脱瘾需要的时间与上瘾时间和上瘾程度有关，因人而异。F项“Sodon’tbesurprisedifittakesupwardsofsixmonthsorevenayear.(所以，如果需要六个月甚至一年的时间，不要感到惊讶)”承接上文，提示如果你需要更长的时间来脱瘾不要感到惊讶，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。第三部分书面表达(共两节，满分32分)第一节:(共4小题;第40、41题各2分,:第42题3分,:第43题5分,:共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Computers,smartphones,andaudioplayersareanessentialpartofstudents’everydaylives.Thatmeansthatwheneverstudentsaredoinghomework,theyaregoingtobefacedwiththeproblemofusingtheirdevicesforpurposesotherthanlearning.Insteadofconcentratingononetask,theyareperformingmultipletasks.AccordingtotheresearchbyLarryRosen,publishedinthejournalComputersinHumanScience,studentsspendupto45%oftheirhomeworktimeonvarioustasksunrelatedtotheirstudies.Studentsoftengetdistractedbytheirphonesorusetheirlaptopsforunauthorized(未经许可的)activities.Often,studentsthinkthattheyareabletomultitaskeffectively,withoutsacrificingtheirstudies.However,theresearchshowsthatitistrueinonly5%ofallcases.Butwhydoteenagersmultitask?Theanswerissimple:multitaskingmakesusfeelgood.Astheresearchindicates,theentertainmentgainedfromsecondaryactivitiesduringstudiesmakeslearnersfeelbetteremotionally.WatchingTVortalkingtoyourfriendsbyemailispleasantandhelpsstudentsfightboredomwhiledoinghomeworkorlisteningtoalecturetheyfindboring.Anotherreasonwhystudentsmultitaskisthattheysimplydonotseethenegativeimpactithasontheircoursework.Teenagersoftenoverratetheirabilities.Theseeminglytinydistractions,however,resultinaconstantneedtoswitchfocusandsortoutinformation,injuringthebrainbyoveruseandmakingtheprocessinefficient. However,theeffectsofmultitaskingarenotentirelynegative.TheresearchconductedbyHKUindicatesthatpeoplewhoroutinelymultitaskareabletousetheirsensesinconjunction(结合)moreeasily.Otherresearchalsoshowsthatmultitaskinghasapositiveeffectontheabilitytopassjudgmentandsolveproblemsquicklyandefficiently.40.WhatdoestheresearchbyLarryRosentellus?_________________________________________________________________________41.Accordingtothetext,whydoteenagersmultitask?_________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Multitaskingwhichinjuresthebrainbyoveruseandmakesthelearningprocessinefficient,hasnopositiveeffectsonstudents._________________________________________________________________________43.Willyouchoosetomultitaskwhendoinghomework?Whyorwhynot?(Inabout40words)_________________________________________________________________________【答案】40.Studentsspendupto45%oftheirhomeworktimeonvarioustasksunrelatedtotheirstudies,withfewknowingthatthisisattheexpenseoftheirownstudies.41.Becausemultitaskingmakesthemfeelgood.Besides,theyarenotawareofthenegativeimpactithasontheircoursework.42.Multitasking,whichinjuresthebrainbyoveruseandmakesthelearningprocessinefficient,hasnopositiveeffectsonstudents.Accordingtothispassage,theeffectsofmultitaskingarenotentirelynegative.43.Whendoinghomework,Iwillnotchoosemultitasking.BecausemultitaskingwillmakeitdifficultformetoconcentrateonwhatIamdoing,whichpreventsmefromefficientlycompletingmyhomeworkwithinthetimelimit.【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了通常情况下多任务会导致学生分心，以及学生选择多任务的原因。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段“AccordingtotheresearchbyLarryRosen,publishedinthejournalComputersinHumanScience,studentsspendupto45%oftheirhomeworktimeonvarioustasksunrelatedtotheirstudies.Studentsoftengetdistractedbytheirphonesorusetheirlaptopsforunauthorized(未经许可的)activities.Often, studentsthinkthattheyareabletomultitaskeffectively,withoutsacrificingtheirstudies.However,theresearchshowsthatitistrueinonly5%ofallcases.(根据拉里·罗森发表在《计算机与人文科学》杂志上的研究，学生将高达45%的家庭作业时间花在与学习无关的各种任务上。学生们经常被手机分散注意力，或者使用笔记本电脑进行未经授权的活动。通常，学生们认为他们能够在不牺牲学业的情况下有效地处理多项任务。然而，研究表明，只有5%例子是这样的)”可知，LarryRosen的研究告诉我们，学生将高达45%的家庭作业时间花在与学习无关的任务上，却几乎不知道这是以牺牲自己的学业为代价。故答案为：Studentsspendupto45%oftheirhomeworktimeonvarioustasksunrelatedtotheirstudies,withfewknowingthatthisisattheexpenseoftheirownstudies.【41题详解】考查细节理解题。根据第三段的“Butwhydoteenagersmultitask?Theanswerissimple:multitaskingmakesusfeelgood.(但为什么青少年要同时处理多项任务呢？答案很简单：多任务处理让我们感觉良好)”和第四段的“Anotherreasonwhystudentsmultitaskisthattheysimplydonotseethenegativeimpactithasontheircoursework.(学生多任务处理的另一个原因是，他们根本看不到这对他们的课程有负面影响)”可知，青少年选择多任务是因为多任务处理让他们感觉良好，并且他们意识不到这对他们的课程有负面影响。故答案为：Becausemultitaskingmakesthemfeelgood.Besides,theyarenotawareofthenegativeimpactithasontheircoursework.【42题详解】考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的“Theseeminglytinydistractions,however,resultinaconstantneedtoswitchfocusandsortoutinformation,injuringthebrainbyoveruseandmakingtheprocessinefficient.(然而，看似微小的分心会导致人们不断需要转换注意力和整理信息，过度使用会伤害大脑，使这一过程效率低下)”和倒数第三段的“However,theeffectsofmultitaskingarenotentirelynegative.(然而，多任务处理的影响并不完全是负面的)”可知，虽然过度使用会伤害大脑以及让学习过程效率低下，但多任务处理的影响并非全是负面的。因此错误的部分是hasnopositiveeffectsonstudents.。根据本文，多任务处理的影响并不完全是负面的。故答案为：Multitasking,whichinjuresthebrainbyoveruseandmakesthelearningprocessinefficient,hasnopositiveeffectsonstudents.Accordingtothispassage,theeffectsofmultitaskingarenotentirelynegative.【43题详解】开放性问题。答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。Whendoinghomework,Iwillnotchoosemultitasking.BecausemultitaskingwillmakeitdifficultformetoconcentrateonwhatIamdoing,whichpreventsmefromefficientlycompletingmyhomeworkwithinthetimelimit.第二节作文(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国好友Jim 在给你的邮件中提到他对中华优秀传统文化感兴趣，并请你给他推荐一本中国名著。请你用英文给Jim回一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.该名著的基本信息（书名、作者）；2.该名著的主要内容；3.推荐该名著的理由。注意：1.词数100词左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,HavinglearnedthatyouarekeenonChinesetraditionalcultureandliterature,IstronglyrecommendtoyouDreamoftheRedChamberwrittenbyCaoXueqin.Acknowledgedasoneofthemasterpieces,thenovelfollowstheriseandfallofnoblefamiliesduringthe18thcentury.Itfeaturesfascinatingplotsanditsvividaccountoftypicalcharacters.Additionally,youwillhaveaglimpseofcustom,attireandcuisineatthattime.Iamsureyouwillfindthenovelinterestingasitgoesbeyondmereplot,butalsocapturesthesubtleemotionsandfeelingsofitscharacters.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,don’thesitatetocontactme.YoursLiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim写一封邮件向他推荐一本中国名著。【详解】1.词汇积累喜欢：bekeenon→enjoy/befondof迷人的：fascinating→charming/attractive高贵的：noble→magnificent 此外：additionally→what’smore2.句式拓展同义句转换原句：HavinglearnedthatyouarekeenonChinesetraditionalcultureandliterature,IstronglyrecommendtoyouDreamoftheRedChamberwrittenbyCaoXueqin.拓展句：SinceIhavelearnedthatyouarekeenonChinesetraditionalcultureandliterature,IstronglyrecommendtoyouDreamoftheRedChamberwrittenbyCaoXueqin.【点睛】【高分句型1】HavinglearnedthatyouarekeenonChinesetraditionalcultureandliterature,IstronglyrecommendtoyouDreamoftheRedChamberwrittenbyCaoXueqin.(运用了现在分词短语作原因状语和that引导的宾语从句)【高分句型2】Ifyouhaveanyquestions,don’thesitatetocontactme.(运用了if引导条件状语从句)