北京市房山区2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期末试题（Word版附解析）

房山区2022-2023学年度第一学期诊断性评价高一英语第一部分知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。CarterEvans,a16-year-oldboy,wascampinginatentwithfriendsinaparkingareanearPascagoulaRiverinJulywhenacarwiththreeteenagegirlsinsidefelloffaboatramp(匝道)andintotheriver,thensank.Thedriverhadblindly____1____wrongdirectionsfromherGPS.Itwasaround2:30a.m.whenEvansandhisfriendsgottotheriver’sedge.Inthedarkness,theycould____2____makeoutthegirlsclinging(抱紧)totheroof,theonlypartofthecarstillabovewater.Buttheycouldhear____3____.Evanstookoffhisshirtandshoes,threwhisphonedownanddivedintothewater,ariverheknewcrocodilescalledhome.Hehelpedthefirstgirlhesawand,keepingherheadabovewater,ledhertothe____4____.Justthen,GarryMercer,apoliceofficer,arrived.He____5____intotherivertohelpanotherofthegirls.Buthalfwaybacktoshore,shewastoo____6____andwentunderwater,pullingMercerdownwithher.Evansjumpedbackinthe____7____andhelpedthemuntiltheycouldstand.Therewasstillonegirl,CoraWatson,inthewater.Shewas____8____tostayabovewater.“Ijustknewmylast____9____wascoming,”Watsonsaid.“IthoughtIwasslowlylosingmyself.”Shebegantogounder.Then,Evansgrabbedher.Evanswastakentothehospital.ThethreegirlsarealivebecauseEvansriskedhis_____10_____tosavethem.1.A.followedB.studiedC.seenD.kept2.A.finallyB.clearlyC.certainlyD.hardly3.A.fightingB.shoutingC.swimmingD.quarrelling4.A.riverbankB.carC.tentD.park5.A.walkedB.fellC.divedD.sank6.A.excitedB.surprisedC.scaredD.disappointed7.A.sandB.crowdC.darknessD.water8.A.waitingB.strugglingC.consideringD.lying9.A.challengeB.choiceC.breathD.dream 10.A.healthB.lifeC.jobD.fortune【答案】1.A2.D3.B4.A5.C6.C7.D8.B9.C10.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了CarterEvans和警察GarryMercer勇救溺水三少女的好人好事。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位司机盲目地按她的GPS导航沿着错误的方向行驶。A.followed沿着（道路、小径等）；B.studied学习；C.seen看见；D.kept保持。由上文的“acarwiththreeteenagegirlsinsidefelloffaboatramp(匝道)andintotheriver,thensank(一辆载有三名十几岁女孩的汽车从匝道上跌落到河里，随后沉没)”和下文的“wrongdirectionsfromherGPS”可知，应该是盲目地相信GPS导航，沿着错误的方向行驶才导致了这次溺水事故。故选A项。【2题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在黑暗中，他们几乎看不出女孩们紧紧抓住车顶，这是车上唯一仍在水上的部分。A.finally最终；B.clearly清楚地；C.certainly当然；D.hardly几乎不。由上文的“Itwasaround2:30a.m.(大约是凌晨两点半)”和“Inthedarkness”可知，天太黑了，CarterEvans几乎看不见水中的女孩们。故选D项。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他们能听到呼喊声。A.fighting战斗；B.shouting呼喊；C.swimming游泳；D.quarrelling吵架。由上文语境和常识可知，溺水的人会呼喊救命，所以CarterEvans即使看不到人，也能听到呼喊声。故选B项。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他帮助了第一个看到的女孩，并将她的头举过水面，将她带到河岸。A.riverbank河岸；B.car汽车；C.tent帐篷；D.park公园。由上文的“Hehelpedthefirstgirlhesaw”可知，此处指CarterEvans救他看到的第一个溺水的女孩，自然是把溺水者从水里带向河岸，呼应下文的“backtoshore(回到岸边)”。故选A项。5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他跳入河中帮助另一个女孩。A.walked走路；B.fell落下；C.dived跳水；D.sank下沉。呼应上文“divedintothewater(跳入水中)”CarterEvans跳入水中救人，警官GarryMercer也跳入水中救人。故选C项。【6题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在回到岸边的途中，她太害怕了，以至于沉入水下，将Mercer往水下拉。A.excited兴奋的；B.surprised惊讶的；C.scared害怕的；D.disappointed失望的。下文“wentunderwater,pulling Mercerdownwithher”符合溺水者惊慌失措的反应，因为太害怕了，所以对救援造成了不利影响。故选C项。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Evans跳回水中，帮助他们直到他们在水中能保持平稳。A.sand沙；B.crowd人群；C.darkness黑暗；D.water水。由上文语境可知，Evans刚救了一个溺水者上岸，此时看到警察Mercer有麻烦，立即跳回水中去帮助。故选D项。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她努力停留在水面上。A.waiting等待；B.struggling挣扎；C.considering考虑；D.lying躺。由常识可知，溺水者为了不下沉，会努力让自己在水中漂浮起来，struggletodosth.(努力做某事)。故选B项。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我只知道我的最后一口气就要来了，”Watson说。A.challenge挑战；B.choice选择；C.breath呼吸；D.dream梦想。由下文的““IthoughtIwasslowlylosingmyself.”Shebegantogounder.(“我认为我正在慢慢失去意识。”她开始往下沉)”可知，Watson用“最后一口气”表达她快要死了。故选C项。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这三个女孩之所以活着，是因为Evans冒着生命危险救了她们。A.health健康；B.life生命；C.job工作；D.fortune运气。由上文的“Evanstookoffhisshirtandshoes,threwhisphonedownanddivedintothewater,ariverheknewcrocodilescalledhome.(Evans脱下衬衫和鞋子，扔下手机，跳入水中，这是一条他认识的鳄鱼称之为家的河流)”和“Evanswastakentothehospital.(Evans被送往医院)”可知，凌晨两点半，在黑暗中，Evans在有鳄鱼的河流中救人，是冒着生命危险的。故选B项。第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Asanaturephotographer,Ienjoyworkingoutsideinthewild.LastsummerinYellowstoneNationalPark,Ifollowedapaththattookmethroughadarkforest.____11____Iwasphotographinganeagle,Isuddenlyfoundthatfour____12____(meter)awayfrommewasabear.It____13____(look)backatme.Asecondlater,thebear____14____(turn)andranintotheforest.Somehow,Iforcedmyfingertopressthebuttonandtookthepictureofthemoment.【答案】11.When12.meters13.looked 14.turned【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在野外摄影时遇熊的惊险一幕。【11题详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：当我拍摄一只鹰时，我突然发现离我四米远的地方有一只熊。结合句意可知，由when引导时间状语从句，首字母大写。故填When。【12题详解】考查名词复数。句意：当我拍摄一只鹰时，我突然发现离我四米远的地方有一只熊。由数词four修饰，用可数名词meter的复数形式。故填meters。【13题详解】考查时态。句意：它回头看着我。事情已发生，谓语动词look用一般过去时。故填looked。【14题详解】考查时态。句意：一秒钟后，熊转身跑进了森林。结合并列谓语raninto可知，事情已发生，谓语动词turn用一般过去时。故填turned。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。TheLongjiRiceTerracescovertallmountainsinGuangxi.They____15____(build)bylocalpeoplealongtimeago.Theterracesincreasedtheareasinwhichpeoplegrewrice.Theflatterracescancatchtherainwaterandpreventthesoilfrombeingwashedaway.Withhundredsofwaterways____16____connectwitheachother,rainwatermovesdownthemountainsandintotheterraces.Theseterracesalsoprovideaperfectenvironmentforbirdsandfish.Today,theLongjiRiceTerracesattractthousandsofvisitorswhocome____17____(admire)thisgreatwonder.【答案】15.werebuilt16.that##which17.toadmire【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了广西的龙脊梯田。【15题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：它们是很久以前由当地人建造的。结合时间状语alongtimeago，主语They和谓语动词build是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语They，谓语复数形式。故填werebuilt。 【16题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：由于有数百条相互连接的水道，雨水顺着山脉流入梯田。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是hundredsofwaterways，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。【17题详解】考查不定式。句意：今天，龙脊梯田吸引了成千上万的游客前来欣赏这一伟大的奇迹。admire用不定式形式作目的状语。故填toadmire。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。ThepreparationsforthedinneroftheSpringFestivalarehardwork.Idon’tthinkit’sworththeeffortofspendingmuchtime____18____(prepare)forasinglemealandcleaningupthemessafterit’sover.Eatingoutisagoodchoice.Westillhavethedinner____19____thesamepeople.Theoccasionismoreenjoyablewithoutallthattiringcooking,andthedishestaste____20____(good)!Inmyopinion,thelovebetweenthefamilymemberssittingaroundthetabletogetherremainsthesame.【答案】18.preparing19.with20.better【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者不愿自己准备春节晚餐，觉得外出就餐是个不错的选择，讲明了外出就餐的好处。【18题详解】考查动名词。句意：我认为花很多时间准备一顿饭并在结束后收拾残局是不值得的。固定搭配spend+时间+(in)doingsth.(花时间做某事)，prepare用动名词形式作宾语。故填preparing。【19题详解】考查介词。句意：我们仍然和同样的人共进晚餐。结合句意，介词with(和……一起)符合语境。故填with。【20题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：没有那么累的烹饪，这个场合更令人愉快，而且菜肴味道更好！结合moreenjoyable可知，该空含比较含义，用形容词比较级better作表语。故填better。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，满分28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 AChinaDailyWebsiteandChinaDailyApparecallingforsubmissions(提交)ofphotosandvideosfromtheNationalDayuntilDec.20,2022.Butalltheonlineentriesmustbereceivedby11:59pmonDecember15,2022.Entrieswillnotbereturned.Organizationsandindividuals,bothinChinaandaroundtheworld,arewelcometosharewithusworksshowingthebeautifulcountryofChina.WHATWEARELOOKINGFORPhotosorshortvideoswithfourmajorthemes:SceneriesofChina,CityscapesinChina,CustomsuniquetoChina,CulturalheritageofChina.LanguagesineitherEnglishorChinesearepreferred.WHATYOUCANGETAmongprizestobegiventotheindividualwinners,weofferatopprizeofupto10,000yuan.Winningorganizationswillreceiveprizeandcertificatesfortheircontribution.SomeofthebestworkshaveachancetoappearontheChinaDailyWebsite,dbc.chinaservicesinfo.com,andChinaDailyApp(with37millionusers).HOWTOPARTICIPATE1.PHOTO:Nomorethan10photos,5MBmaximumforeach;withacaption(文字说明)ofupto200words;formatinJPGorPNG.2.VIDEO:Format:MP4orMOVDimension:horizontal:16:9,vertical:9:16Size:1GBmaximum,lessthan4minutesCaption:200-500EnglishorChinesewordstogiveabriefintroductionHOWTOSUBMITStep1:Fillintheapplicationformandoffertheinformationontheparticipants’name,nationality,mobilephonenumberandemailaddress.Step2:Uploadyourworksandmakeabriefintroductiononyourworks.Step3:Lastofall,whenyougettheformfilledinandworksuploaded,youclicktheSUBMITbuttonandwewillbeabletoreceiveyourexcellentworks.CONTACTUS:liyang1@chinadaily.com.cnlvfu@chinadaily.com.cn21.Whenshouldparticipantshandintheirworksonline? A.BeforeOctober1,2022.B.AfterDecember,20,2022.C.FromOctober1toDecember15,2022.D.FromOctober1toDecember20,2022.22.Whatcanwelearnabouttheactivity?A.Onlyindividualscantakepartintheactivity.B.Eachwinningworkcanfinditswayontothewebsite.C.Wecanhandinasmanyworksaswelikeintheactivity.D.Ourpersonalinformationisneededbeforeoursubmission.23.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma________.A.newsreportB.formalnoticeC.personalletterD.researchpaper【答案】21.C22.D23.B【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章是一则介绍由《中国日报》举办的个人摄影大赛的通知。【21题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的“ChinaDailyWebsiteandChinaDailyApparecallingforsubmissions(提交)ofphotosandvideosfromtheNationalDayuntilDec.20,2022.Butalltheonlineentriesmustbereceivedby11:59pmonDecember15,2022.(中国日报网和中国日报App呼吁从国庆节到2022年12月20日提交照片和视频。但所有在线参赛作品必须在2022年12月15日晚上11:59之前收到)”可知，参与者在线提交作品时间为：2022年10月1日至12月15日。故选C项。【22题详解】细节理解题。由HOWTOSUBMIT中的“Step1:Fillintheapplicationformandoffertheinformationontheparticipants’name,nationality,mobilephonenumberandemailaddress.Step2:Uploadyourworksandmakeabriefintroductiononyourworks.(第一步：填写申请表，并提供参与者的姓名、国籍、手机号码和电子邮件地址。第二步:上传你的作品，并对你的作品做一个简短的介绍。)”可知，提交作品前需要填写我们的个人信息。故选D项。【23题详解】推理判断题。文章是一则介绍由中国日报举办的个人摄影大赛的通知，号召人们参与，可得出文章可能选自正式通知。故选B项。BIopenedmyeyesandstartedtostretch,wishingitwasjustadream,butofcourseitwasn’t!Iwasextremely tiredfromstayinguplatethenightbeforebecauseIwassoanxiousforthebigday.Idraggedmyselfoutofmybedtodomynormalroutine.AsIwasbrushingmyteeth,IlookedupatthemirrorandithitmethatIwasabouttograduatefromhighschool.ThiswasthefirsttimethatI’dbeensohappyandextremelysadatthesametimeandtheonlythingrunningthroughmymindwasthatthiswasreallyhappening.AllIhadwasEnglishthatdaybecausemyotherteachersletushaveafreedaytocatchuponlatehomeworkorjusthangoutwithourfriends.Aftersufferingthrougheighthoursofboringclasses,itwastimetogetreadyforgraduationnight.AsmyfriendsandIweregettingourcapsandgownson,myfavoriteteacherMs.Suewalkedupandsaidtome,“Congratulationstoyou,Lily!”Shegavemeaspecialbook.Ilookeddownatitanditsaid,“Theplacesyou’llgo!”IreaditrightbeforeIheadeduptogymforpractice.Ineverknewabookcouldgivemesuchinspiration.Ijustkeptonthinkingtomyselfthatthiswasfinallyit!Iwassohappythatitwastimetomoveontoanewchapterinmylife.Aseveryonewastakingtheirseats,IfeltlikeIwassittingonpinsandneedles,Iwassonervous.Onceandforallitwastimetheycalledoutmyname.Istartedwalkingupthosestairsanditfeltlikethewholeentireworldwasbehindme.AllIcouldseewasabeautifulfutureahead.Thisopenedupmanypossibilitiesforme,likegoingtocollege,movingoutonmyown,andpayingbills.I’veneverfeltsoproudofmyselfandthepersonI’vebecome.Thisexperiencehasmademebecomeabetterperson.24.WhatwasthemaincauseforLily’sanxiety?A.Herbaddream.B.Hernormalroutine.C.Hergraduationday.D.Herextremetiredness.25.HowdidLilyfeelduringthelastday’sclasses?A.Angry.B.Uninterested.C.Confident.D.Thankful.26.Ms.Sue’sgiftmadeLily________.A.decidetogetpreparedfortheceremonyB.learnabouttheharmoftoomanywishesCtastethesweetnessofagoodrelationshipD.begintothinkaboutfightingforherfuture27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Everybookmustbechewedcarefullytogetoutitsnicejuice.B.Somethingverymagicalcanhappenafterreadingagoodbook.C.Readingbooksremovessorrowsfromsomeone’sbreakingheart. D.Whenyoureadabookforasecondtime,youmeetanoldfriend.【答案】24.C25.B26.D27.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了莉莉在高中毕业日这一天的所思所想和情感升华。【24题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中“IwasextremelytiredfromstayinguplatethenightbeforebecauseIwassoanxiousforthebigday.Idraggedmyselfoutofmybedtodomynormalroutine.AsIwasbrushingmyteeth,IlookedupatthemirrorandithitmethatIwasabouttograduatefromhighschool.(前一天晚上熬夜，我非常累，因为我非常担心重要一天的到来。我从床上爬起来，开始做我的日常工作。当我刷牙的时候，我抬头看着镜子，突然想到我即将从高中毕业)”可知，莉莉焦虑的主要原因是她的毕业日。故选C项。【25题详解】推理判断题。由第二段中的“AllIhadwasEnglishthatdaybecausemyotherteachersletushaveafreedaytocatchuponlatehomeworkorjusthangoutwithourfriends.Aftersufferingthrougheighthoursofboringclasses,itwastimetogetreadyforgraduationnight.(那天我只学了英语，因为我的其他老师让我们有一天的空闲时间来完成迟到的作业，或者只是和朋友们一起玩。在经历了八个小时枯燥的课程之后，是时候为毕业之夜做好准备了)”可知，莉莉认为那天课程很枯燥，只学了英语，可得出莉莉对毕业最后一天的课程并不感兴趣。故选B项。【26题详解】推理判断题。由第三段中的“Ineverknewabookcouldgivemesuchinspiration.Ijustkeptonthinkingtomyselfthatthiswasfinallyit!Iwassohappythatitwastimetomoveontoanewchapterinmylife.(我从来不知道一本书能给我这样的灵感。我一直在想，这就是最后的结局！我很高兴，是时候进入我人生的新篇章了)”和“AllIcouldseewasabeautifulfutureahead.Thisopenedupmanypossibilitiesforme,likegoingtocollege,movingoutonmyown,andpayingbills.(我所能看到的只是一个美好的未来。这为我打开了许多可能性，比如上大学、自己搬出去住，以及支付账单)”可知，Ms.Sue的礼物使莉莉开始考虑是时候进入自己人生的新篇章了，她应该为自己的美好未来而奋斗。故选D项。【27题详解】推理判断题。由第一段中的“IwasextremelytiredfromstayinguplatethenightbeforebecauseIwassoanxiousforthebigday.(前一天晚上熬夜，我非常累，因为我非常担心重要一天的到来)”，第二段中的“Shegavemeaspecialbook.Ilookeddownatitanditsaid,“Theplacesyou’llgo!”IreaditrightbeforeIheadeduptogymforpractice.(她给了我一本特别的书。我低头看了看它，上面写着：“你要去的地方！”我在去健身房练习之前读了它)”和第三段中的“Ineverknewabookcouldgivemesuchinspiration.Ijustkeptonthinking tomyselfthatthiswasfinallyit!Iwassohappythatitwastimetomoveontoanewchapterinmylife.(我从来不知道一本书能给我这样的灵感。我一直在想，这就是最后的结局！我很高兴，是时候进入我人生的新篇章了)”可知，毕业日这天莉莉心烦意乱，但读完Ms.Sue送的书后，莉莉明白了自己要进入人生的新篇章了，要为美好生活而奋斗，可得出读了一本好书之后，会发生一些非常神奇的事情。故选B项。CSaihanbaisagreenmiraclepassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.TheSaihanbaForestFarmistheworld’slargestmanmadeforest,a750-square-kilometerbarrier(屏障),300kilometersnorthofBeijing,plantedtosavetheChinesecapitalfromdesertification(thegradualchangeofhabitablelandintodesert,whichisusuallycausedbyclimatechangeorbydestructiveuseoftheland).Today,overlookingtheseaofgreen,itwouldbehardtoimaginethatahalfcenturyago,theareawaswasteland.Thebigchangebegan59yearsagowiththeeffortofagroupofforestersandengineerswhoweredeterminedtoturntheareaintoaforest.In1962,theMinistryofForestrySaihanbaMechanicalForestFarmwasformallyestablished.Some369youngpeoplefromdifferentpartsofthecountrywentallthewaynorthtoSaihanba.Foodandshelterwasinshortsupply,sothegroupgrewtheirownpotatoesandcornandsetupsimplesheltersandtents,sometimesusingonlybrunchesandstrawthatgavelittleshelterfromthefreezingwind.Inthebeginning,plantingtreesontheverycoldhighlandwasanimpossibletaskduetothehighwinds.Over90percentoftheyoungseedlingsplantedinthefirsttwoyearsdiedandtheforestfarmwasnearlyshutdown.Aftertryingdifferentwaysofplantingtrees,thesurvivalrateofthenewlyplantedyoungtreestopped90percentin1964.Plantingtreesisnotenough.Carefullyprotectingthewoodsandmanagingwellthewholeforestfarmisevenharder.Thatiswhatlatergenerationswilldo.Duringfirepreventionperiodsinspringandautumn,theycheckthevastexpanseofforestevery15minutesduringtheday,andonceanhouratnight.Nowasthird-generationtreeplantersinSaihanba,theyneedtosolveevenmoredifficultproblemsinthenever-endingeffortofplantingmoretrees.Sincethereismuchlessflatlandleftforplantingtrees,theyhavetoworkontherockymountainslopes(斜坡)wherethetopsoilisonly10centimetersthick.Butbeforegivingtheyoungtreesahome,theyneedtodigholesabout40centimetersdeep.ThreegenerationsofhardworkhaveturnedSaihanbafromanascent(新生的)standoftreesintoamillionacresofforest,fromadesertintoanoasis.28.TheauthorshowedthedifficultyofplantingtreesinSaihanbaby________. A.tellingstoriesB.showingcausesC.listingnumbersD.givingexamples29.FromthepassageweknowthatSaihanbaForestFarm________.A.waschangedby369engineersB.usedtobea750-square-kilometerfarmC.providedgoodlivingconditionsforpeoplethereD.wasturnedintotheworld’slargestmanmadeforest30.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.howpeoplecreatedagreenmiracleB.whyitwashardtomanagetheforestwellC.whatpeopledidtodealwithclimatechangeD.whatmeasuresweretakentoprotectthecapital【答案】28.C29.D30.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，在几代人的努力下塞罕坝由荒地成为了世界上最大人工林的故事。【28题详解】推理判断题。由第六段中的“Inthebeginning,plantingtreesontheverycoldhighlandwasanimpossibletaskduetothehighwinds.Over90percentoftheyoungseedlingsplantedinthefirsttwoyearsdiedandtheforestfarmwasnearlyshutdown.(起初，由于大风，在非常寒冷的高地上种树是一项不可能完成的任务。前两年种植的树苗中90%以上死亡，林场几乎关闭)”可知，前两年种植的树苗中90%以上死亡，作者通过列举数字表明了塞罕坝植树的困难。故选C项。【29题详解】细节理解题。由第二段“TheSaihanbaForestFarmistheworld’slargestmanmadeforest,a750-square-kilometerbarrier(屏障),300kilometersnorthofBeijing,plantedtosavetheChinesecapitalfromdesertification(thegradualchangeofhabitablelandintodesert,whichisusuallycausedbyclimatechangeorbydestructiveuseoftheland).(塞罕坝林场是世界上最大的人工林，位于北京以北300公里处，占地750平方公里，是为了保护中国首都免受沙漠化（可居住土地逐渐变为沙漠，这通常是由气候变化或土地的破坏性使用造成的）)”和第三段“Today,overlookingtheseaofgreen,itwouldbehardtoimaginethatahalfcenturyago,theareawaswasteland.(今天，俯瞰绿海，很难想象半个世纪前，这里还是荒地)”可知，塞罕坝林场由荒地变成了世界上最大的人造森林。故选D项。【30题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段“Saihanbaisagreenmiraclepassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.(塞罕坝是一个世 代相传的绿色奇迹)”，第二段中的“TheSaihanbaForestFarmistheworld’slargestmanmadeforest(塞罕坝林场是世界上最大的人工林)”，第三段“Today,overlookingtheseaofgreen,itwouldbehardtoimaginethatahalfcenturyago,theareawaswasteland.(今天，俯瞰绿海，很难想象半个世纪前，这里还是荒地)”和最后一段“ThreegenerationsofhardworkhaveturnedSaihanbafromanascent(新生的)standoftreesintoamillionacresofforest,fromadesertintoanoasis.(经过三代人的努力，塞罕坝从一片新生的树林变成了一百万英亩的森林，从沙漠变成了绿洲)”可知，文章讲述了在几代人的努力下塞罕坝由荒地成为了世界上最大人工林，是一个世代相传的绿色奇迹，A项“人们是如何创造绿色奇迹的”可概括全文。故选A项。DTherehasrecentlybeenalotofargumentsabouthomework.Asateacher,Istronglybelieveinthebenefitsofqualityhomework.Besidespreparingstudentsforuniversitylife,itteachesimportantlifeskillsthatwillbenefitstudentsfortherestoftheirlives.Somepeoplearguethathomeworkiscausingstressanddepressiontoriseinchildren.Buttoblamehomeworkforthesehealthproblemsiswrong.Socialpressurescausemorestressforteenagersthanhomework.Ifpeoplearereallyconcernedaboutthehealthofstudents,theywouldspendmoretimesolvingtheproblemsthatcausepressureinschoolsratherthancomplainingabouthomework.Inaddition,thosewhoareopposedtohomeworkbelievethatstudentsenduphatingthetimespentinsteadofenjoyinglearning.However,theproblemisthetypeofhomeworkbeingassigned(布置).Itisthequalitynotquantity(数量)ofhomeworkthatwillimprovestudents’learningandtheirenjoyment.Repetitiveworksheetswherestudentsmemorizehistoricaldatesandnamesorsolvemathproblemsoverandoveragainarelessbeneficialthanmorecreativeproject-basedhomework.Primarystudentswilleventuallybeinmiddleandhighschoolwherehomeworkwillbeassigned.Iftheyhavenopreparationinprimaryschools,theywillhavethestressofsuddenlytryingtoadjusttolifewithhomeworklater.Theimportantthingistoassignjustenoughhomeworktohelpstudentslearn.Infact,homeworkallowsparentstobeawareofwhattheirchildisdoingatschoolandhowwelltheiracademicandthinkingskillsaredeveloping.Iftheynoticethattheirchildistakinganunreasonableamountoftimecompletingtheirhomework,parentscancalltheteacher’sattentiontotheproblem.Finally,homeworkhelpstoteachstudentsimportantstudyandlifeskillsthatwillsetthemupforfuturesuccess.Theylearnhowtomanagetheirtimesothattheycanfinishtheirhomeworkandotheractivities.Attimes,theymightstruggletocompletethehomework,butbyworkingthroughit,theylearnnottogiveup.Theseareskillsthatwillnotonlybenefitthemintheiracademiclifebutintheiradultlivesaswell.Weshouldrecognizequalityhomeworkcanhelptoshowchildrentheconnectionbetweenwhattheyare learninginschoolandhowitcanbeappliedoutsideofschools,anditshouldallowthestudentstohavefunwhiledoingit.Learningshouldnotonlybecontainedwithinaclassroom;itshouldbeextendedtoallareasofourlives.31.Accordingtothepassage,qualityhomeworkcan________.A.onlybeassignedathighschoolB.causepressurestoriseinteenagersC.haveinfluenceonstudentsinmanywaysD.drawparents’attentiontotheproblemsitbrings32.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardshomeworkinprimaryschool?A.Supportive.B.Critical.C.Doubtful.D.Unconcerned.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“opposedto”inParagraph3mean?A.Against.B.Worriedabout.C.Tiredof.D.Favor.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.PressuresCausedbyHomeworkB.TheBenefitsofQualityHomeworkC.QualityandQuantityofHomeworkD.DifferentOpinionsaboutHomework【答案】31.C32.A33.A34.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了有些人不赞成家庭作业的看法，但作者认为家庭作业有好处。【31题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的“Asateacher,Istronglybelieveinthebenefitsofqualityhomework.Besidespreparingstudentsforuniversitylife,itteachesimportantlifeskillsthatwillbenefitstudentsfortherestoftheirlives.(作为一名教师，我坚信高质量作业的好处。除了为学生准备大学生活，它还教授重要的生活技能，这些技能将使学生终生受益)”和最后一段中的“Weshouldrecognizequalityhomeworkcanhelptoshowchildrentheconnectionbetweenwhattheyarelearninginschoolandhowitcanbeappliedoutsideofschools(我们应该认识到，高质量的家庭作业有助于向孩子们展示他们在学校学习的内容与如何在校外应用之间的联系)”可知，高质量的作业可以在许多方面对学生产生积极影响。故选C项。【32题详解】推理判断题。由第四段中的“Primarystudentswilleventuallybeinmiddleandhighschoolwherehomeworkwillbeassigned.Iftheyhavenopreparationinprimaryschools,theywillhavethestressofsuddenlytryingtoadjusttolifewithhomeworklater.Theimportantthingistoassignjustenoughhomeworktohelpstudentslearn. (小学生最终会进入初中和高中，到那时会有家庭作业。如果他们在小学没有准备，他们会有突然试图适应生活的家庭作业的压力。重要的是布置足够的家庭作业来帮助学生学习)”可知，作者认为家庭作业能帮助学生学习，而且如果小学生到了初高中才接触家庭作业，他们会有压力，可得出作者支持小学生有家庭作业。故选A项。【33题详解】词句猜测题。由第三段中的“Inaddition,thosewhoareopposedtohomeworkbelievethatstudentsenduphatingthetimespentinsteadofenjoyinglearning.(此外，那些opposedto家庭作业的人认为，学生最终讨厌花在学习上的时间，而不是享受学习)”可知，有些人认为学生会因为家庭作业讨厌学习，可得出这些人应该是不赞成有家庭作业的，opposedto意为“反对（Against）”。故选A项。34题详解】主旨大意题。第一段首句“Therehasrecentlybeenalotofargumentsabouthomework.(最近有很多关于家庭作业的争论)”总起全文，第一段还陈述了作者对高质量家庭作业的观点，第二三段陈述了各方反对家庭作业的观点，第四至最后一段陈述了作者赞成有家庭作业的观点，可得出D项“关于家庭作业的不同看法”可概括全文，可为标题。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Friendshipscanbeequallydemandingandrewarding,whetheryou’vebeenfriendsforalongtimeorhavejuststartedcommunicatingwithoneanother.____35____Youcantexteachotherfrequently.Textingisagreatwaytokeepupwitheachother’sdailyeventsandroutines.Althoughyoumaybeapartfromoneanother,textingisagreatwaytogetimmediateaccesstoeachother’slives.____36____Youcanshareapictureorselfiefromtimetotimetomakeothersknowmoreaboutyourrecentlife.Youcanmaileachotherhandwrittenletters.Sendinghandwrittenlettersisagreatwaytokeepconnectedwhilealsoaddingapersonalandthoughtfultouch.Takingthetimetowritealettershowsyourappreciationfortherelationship.____37____Or,youcanjustsendthemasurpriseletteroutoftheblue!____38____Therearemanyactivitiesthatcanbemutuallyenjoyedeventhoughyouarenotinthesamelocation.Doingthingstogetherwillhelpmaintainabondandcanalsobeaformofqualitytime.____39____Besides,youcanstartreadingabooktogetherorstreamamovietogetherwhileyouvideochat.A.Youcanplanavisitwhenpossible.B.Youcanfindthingsyoucandotogetherwhileapart.C.Soit’sinyourbestinteresttostayintouchwithyourfriends. DHandwritingtheirbirthdaycardeveryyearisasmartchoice.E.Itcanalsobeanopportunitytolearnmoreabouteachother’sexperiences.F.Therearemanyeffectivewaystokeepintouch,stayconnectedanddevelopyourfriendship.G.Forexample,youcanwatchthesameshowsatthesametimeandsharefeelingsafterwards.【答案】35.F36.E37.D38.B39.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了和朋友保持联系、发展友谊的方法。【35题详解】由第二段段首句“Youcantexteachotherfrequently.(你们可以经常发短信)”，第三段首句“Youcanmaileachotherhandwrittenletters.(你们可以互相邮寄手写信件)”和最后一段中“Doingthingstogetherwillhelpmaintainabondandcanalsobeaformofqualitytime.(一起做事情有助于保持联系，也可以是一种优质时间)”可知，下文在讲和朋友保持联系、发展友谊的方法，F选项“有很多有效的方法可以保持联系，保持联系，发展友谊。”总起下文内容。故选F项。【36题详解】由第二段段首句“Youcantexteachotherfrequently.(你们可以经常发短信)”可知作者建议通过发短信来和朋友保持联系、发展友谊，E选项“这也可以是一个了解彼此经历的机会。”和上文“Althoughyoumaybeapartfromoneanother,textingisagreatwaytogetimmediateaccesstoeachother’slives.(尽管你们可能彼此分开，但发短信是一种很好的方式，可以直接了解彼此的生活)”一起表明发短信和朋友保持联系、发展友谊的好处。故选E项。【37题详解】由第三段首句“Youcanmaileachotherhandwrittenletters.(你们可以互相邮寄手写信件)”可知作者建议通过互相邮寄手写信件来和朋友保持联系、发展友谊，D选项“每年手写生日卡是一个明智的选择。”和上文“Takingthetimetowritealettershowsyourappreciationfortherelationship.(花时间写信表明你对这段关系的赞赏)”及下文“Or,youcanjustsendthemasurpriseletteroutoftheblue!(或者，你可以突然给他们发封惊喜信)”是“通过互相邮寄手写信件来和朋友保持联系、发展友谊”的举例说明。故选D项。【38题详解】由下文“Therearemanyactivitiesthatcanbemutuallyenjoyedeventhoughyouarenotinthesamelocation.Doingthingstogetherwillhelpmaintainabondandcanalsobeaformofqualitytime.(尽管你们不在同一个地方，但有许多活动可以相互共享。一起做事情有助于保持联系，也可以是一段宝贵时光)”可知，下文在讲与朋友分开时，可以通过一起做事情来和朋友保持联系、发展友谊，承接下文，B选项“你可以找到在分 开时可以一起做的事情。”可作为本段主题句。故选B项。【39题详解】由上文“Therearemanyactivitiesthatcanbemutuallyenjoyedeventhoughyouarenotinthesamelocation.Doingthingstogetherwillhelpmaintainabondandcanalsobeaformofqualitytime.(尽管你们不在同一个地方，但有许多活动可以相互共享。一起做事情有助于保持联系，也可以是一段宝贵时光)”可知本段在讲与朋友分开时，可以通过一起做事情来和朋友保持联系、发展友谊，G选项“例如，你们可以在同一时间观看相同的节目，然后分享感受。”和下文“Besides,youcanstartreadingabooktogetherorstreamamovietogetherwhileyouvideochat.(此外，您可以在视频聊天时开始一起看书或一起观看电影)”是“与朋友分开时，可以通过一起做事情来和朋友保持联系、发展友谊”的举例说明。故选G项。第三部分书面表达(共两节,满分32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)。阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Foraverageworkingpeople,theynormallychangetheircareersfivetoseventimesthroughouttheirwholelives.Thebestwaytobepreparedforacareerchangeistomakeaplan.Withoutthat,youarejustadreamer.Ithappensthatyoudon’tthinkaboutyourcareercarefully,butthefirststepyouneedtotakeisthatyoumustspendtimeconsideringyourpresentsituationandyouridealcareerpathtodevelopaspecificcareerplan.Reflectingonyourselfandyourneedsisalsonecessary.Whenyouhaveabetterunderstandingofyourselfandwhatyouwant,youaremorelikelytomakeaplanthatsuitsyourgoalsandlifestyle.Bythiskindofself-reflection,youwilldiscoverthetypeofcareeryouwant.Thenextstepistofigureouthowtogetthere.YouprobablyneedSMARTgoalsthatarespecific,measurable,achievable,relevant,andtime-boundtoprepareforsuccess.StudiesprovethatSMARTgoalsworkbetterwhentheyarewrittendownandsharedwithothers.Sharingimprovesyoursenseofresponsibilitywhilewritingdownallowsyoutokeeptheminyourmemory.Nowthatyouhaveunderstoodwhatyouwantandhadyourgoalssetandwrittendown,thelaststepistomakecareerdecisions.First,listtheadvantagesandthedisadvantagesofdifferentdecisions.Andthenthinkabouthoweachpathlinesupwithyourvalues.Finally,thinkabouthowtheycouldinfluenceyourfuture.Howdoyoufeelwhentalkingaboutyourcareer?Doyouwanttostaywhereyouareorareyoureadytomakeachangetotakestepstoachievesuccess?Reflect,setgoals,andmakeyourdecision,andyou’llbeontherightpathinnotime.40.Whatisthebestwaytobepreparedforacareerchangeaccordingtothepassage?________________ 41.WhataretheSMARTgoals?________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Tomakecareerdecisions,youneedtolisttheadvantagesandthedisadvantagesofdifferentdecisions,thinkabouthoweachpathlinesupwithyourvalues,andwhethertheybringyoualotofmoney.________________43.Whichoneofthethreestepsdoyouthinkisthemostimportanttodevelopyourcareerplan?Why?(Inabout40words)________________【答案】40.Makingaplan.41.SMARTgoalsrefertogoalsthatarespecific,measurable,achievable,relevant,andtime-bound.42.Tomakecareerdecisions,youneedtolisttheadvantagesandthedisadvantagesofdifferentdecisions,thinkabouthoweachpathlinesupwithyourvalues,andwhethertheybringyoualotofmoney.Becauseyoushouldthinkabouthowdecisionscouldinfluenceyourfuture.43.Ithinkthelaststep—tomakecareerdecisions—isthemostimportanttodevelopyourcareerplan.Becauselifeisaprocessofdecision-makingchoice.Correctdecisionscanhelpussucceed,whilewrongdecisionscanmakeeffortsinvain.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为转行作准备的三个步骤：自我反思、设定目标和做出决定。【40题详解】考查细节理解。由第一段中的“Thebestwaytobepreparedforacareerchangeistomakeaplan.(为职业转变做好准备的最好方法是制定计划)”可知，为职业转变做好准备的最佳方式是制定计划。故答案为：Makingaplan.【41题详解】考查细节理解。由第三段中的“YouprobablyneedSMARTgoalsthatarespecific,measurable,achievable,relevant,andtime-boundtoprepareforsuccess.(你可能需要具体、可衡量、可实现、相关且有时间限制的SMART目标来为成功做好准备)”可知，SMART目标是指具体、可衡量、可实现、相关且有时间限制的目标。故答案为：SMARTgoalsrefertogoalsthatarespecific,measurable,achievable,relevant,andtime-bound.【42题详解】考查细节理解。由第四段中的“First,listtheadvantagesandthedisadvantagesofdifferentdecisions.Andthen thinkabouthoweachpathlinesupwithyourvalues.Finally,thinkabouthowtheycouldinfluenceyourfuture.(首先，列出不同决策的优点和缺点。然后想想每一条决策道路如何符合你的价值观。最后，想想它们会如何影响你的未来)”可知，要做出职业决策，你需要列出不同决策的优点和缺点，思考每一条决策道路如何符合你的价值观，以及“决策会如何影响你的未来”，所以“它们是否会给你带来很多钱”错误。故答案为：Tomakecareerdecisions,youneedtolisttheadvantagesandthedisadvantagesofdifferentdecisions,thinkabouthoweachpathlinesupwithyourvalues,andwhethertheybringyoualotofmoney.Becauseyoushouldthinkabouthowdecisionscouldinfluenceyourfuture.【43题详解】考查开放答题。考生可结合文章和自身实际答题，例如：最后一步（即做出职业决策）是制定职业计划最重要的一步。因为生活是一个决策选择的过程。正确的决定可以帮助我们取得成功，而错误的决定可以使努力付诸东流。故答案为：Ithinkthelaststep—tomakecareerdecisions—isthemostimportanttodevelopyourcareerplan.Becauselifeisaprocessofdecision-makingchoice.Correctdecisionscanhelpussucceed,whilewrongdecisionscanmakeeffortsinvain.第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim发来邮件询问你喜欢什么动物。请你用英文给他回一封邮件，介绍你喜欢的动物，内容包括：1.动物的名称；2.动物的特点；3.喜欢的原因。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,I’mhappytohearfromyou.LetmetellyouwhichanimalIlikebest. Itisknowntousthatanimalsareourfriends.Ilikeanimalsverymuch,especiallydogs.Mostdogsareloyal,friendly,alert,obedientandclosetotheirowners.Nowadays,thereasonswhymanypeoplelovedogsareasfollows.Firstofall,dogs are regarded as loyal friends to people.Besides,theycanhelppeopleguardtheirhomes.Atlast,theycanaccompanypeople,whichcanhelppeoplerelieveloneliness.Ilikedogsbest,butIhopewehumanscanliveinharmonywithotheranimals.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim回一封邮件，介绍你喜欢的动物，内容包括：1.动物的名称；2.动物的特点；3.喜欢的原因。【详解】1.词汇积累喜欢：like→befondof许多：many→plentyof此外：besides→furthermore帮助某人做某事：helpsb.dosth.→assistsb.todosth.2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Ilikedogsbest,butIhopewehumanscanliveinharmonywithotheranimals.拓展句：AlthoughIlikedogsbest,Ihopewehumanscanliveinharmonywithotheranimals.【点睛】【高分句型1】Itisknowntousthatanimalsareourfriends.(运用了It作形式主语和that引导的主语从句)【高分句型2】Atlast,theycanaccompanypeople,whichcanhelppeoplerelieveloneliness.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)