北京市昌平区2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期末考试试题（Word版附解析）

昌平区2022—2023学年第一学期高一年级期末质量抽测英语试卷本试卷共11页,共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后,将答题卡交回。第一部分：知识运用(共两节,30分)第一节：完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。“Sana,whydon’tyoureadthisparagraphforus?”askedMissMehwish.Hesitantly,Sanastooduptoreadtheparagraph.Shewashesitantasshestammered(口吃),“Em…Emmawasstand…ing…”Theclassburstinto____1____“Sana,”saidMissMehwish,“Sana,sitdown.”Feeling____2____,SanasatdownandMissMehwishaskedsomeoneelseto____3____it.Aftertheclass,Sanawenttothelibrarytopracticereadingandovercomeherinability.Togotothebookshelf,shewalked____4____someofherclassmateswhowerealreadysittingthere.Sheheardthemtalk____5____,“Whatisshedoinghere?”askedone.“Sheneedstoworkhard!”laughedothers.Disappointed,Sanapickedabook.Shesettledatthefarcornerofthelibraryandstartedreadingthebook.Aftermanyattempts,shefoundthatitwasnotpossibleforhertoreadfluently.Sheneededalotofpracticeandguidance.Aliza,oneofherclassmateswhowasobservingherforquitesometime,walkedclosetoSanaandofferedher____6____.Reluctantly(勉强地),Sanaagreed.Soeveryday,whenevertheygottime,AlizawenttoteachSanainreading.SoonSanastartedtoreadfluentlyandshegained____7____.Afewweekslater,MissMehwishconductedareadingtest.WhenitwasSana’sturn,toeveryone’s____8____,Sanareadtheparagraphwithoutstammeringorhesitation.MissMehwishpraisedSanaonher____9____readingability.SanathankedAlizaforhelpingherandrealisedthattherearealwaystwotypesofclassmates:theoneswhomakefunofyouandtheoneswhohelpyou____10____yourweaknesses.1.A.angerB.tearsC.cheersD.laughter2.A.surprisedB.worriedC.embarrassedD.pleased3.A.acceptB.cleanC.readD.use4.A.pastB.aroundC.withD.over5A.bravelyB.slowlyC.calmlyD.quietly 6.A.helpB.timeC.moneyD.hope7.A.strengthB.confidenceC.supportD.honor8.A.regretB.shockC.shameD.relief9.A.improvedB.requiredC.identifiedD.hidden10.A.forgetB.findC.valueD.overcome【答案】1.D2.C3.C4.A5.D6.A7.B8.B9.A10.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Sana在阅读方面有困难，她班上的同学们嘲笑她，但是Aliza帮助她克服了她的缺点，使她可以流利地阅读，Sana感谢Aliza的帮助，她意识到总有两种同学：一种取笑你的，一种帮助你克服缺点的。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：全班哄堂大笑。A.anger愤怒；B.tears眼泪；C.cheers欢呼声；D.laughter笑，笑声。根据上文“shestammered”和最后一段的“theoneswhomakefunofyou”可知，全班同学听见Sana口吃就嘲笑她，此处表示“全班哄堂大笑”，burstintolaughter意为“突然大笑起来”。故选D。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Sana感到很尴尬，她坐了下来，Mehwish小姐请别人读了一下。A.surprised惊讶的；B.worried担心的；C.embarrassed尴尬的；D.pleased高兴的。根据上文“Theclassburstinto____1____”可知，同学们嘲笑她，Sana应该会感到很尴尬。故选C。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sana感到很尴尬，她坐了下来，Mehwish小姐请别人读了一下。A.accept接受；B.clean清洁；C.read读；D.use用。根据上文“whydon’tyoureadthisparagraph”可知，Mehwish小姐请别人读了一下。故选C。【4题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：在去书架的路上，她从几个已经坐在那里的同学身边走过。A.past经过；B.around围绕；C.with和；D.over在……上面。根据下文“Sheheardthemtalk”可知，在去书架的路上，她从几个已经坐在那里的同学身边走过，空格处意为“经过”。故选A。【5题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她听见他们低声说：“她在这儿干什么？”其中一个问道。A.bravely勇敢地；B.slowly缓慢地；C.calmly平静地；D.quietly悄悄地。根据下文““Whatisshedoinghere?”askedone.“Sheneedstoworkhard!”laughedothers”可知，此处表示“她听见他们低声说”，空格处用“悄悄地”。故选D。 【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的同学Aliza观察了她很长一段时间，走到Sana附近并提供了帮助。A.help帮助；B.time时间；C.money钱；D.hope希望。根据下文“AlizawenttoteachSanainreading”可知，Aliza提供了帮助。故选A。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，Sana开始流利地阅读，她有了信心。A.strength力量；B.confidence信心；C.support支持；D.honor荣誉。根据上文“Sanastartedtoreadfluently”可知，Sana开始流利地阅读，她有了信心。故选B。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当轮到Sana的时候，让所有人震惊的是，Sana没有口吃或犹豫地读了这段话。A.regret后悔；B.shock震惊；C.shame惭愧；D.relief宽慰，轻松。根据下文“Sanareadtheparagraphwithoutstammeringorhesitation”可知，Sana没有口吃或犹豫地读了这段话，这应该会让人震惊。故选B。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Mehwish老师赞扬了Sana阅读能力的提高。A.improved提高了的；B.required必需的；C.identified被识别的；D.hidden隐藏的。根据上文“Sanareadtheparagraphwithoutstammeringorhesitation”可知，Sana阅读能力提高了。故选A。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sana感谢Aliza的帮助，她意识到总有两种同学：一种取笑你的，一种帮助你克服缺点的。A.forget忘记；B.find找到；C.value重视；D.overcome克服。根据上文“Sanareadtheparagraphwithoutstammeringorhesitation”可知，有一种朋友是会帮助你克服缺点的。故选D。第二节：语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)A阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ZhangTiantravelledtoavillageasavolunteerteacher.However,noteverythingliveduptohishopes.Theschoolwasmuch___11___(small)thanhehadexpected,withonlythreeclassrooms.Infrontoftheclassrooms,therewasaplayground___12___gotdustyonwindydaysandmuddyonrainydays.Livinginthevillagewasalsomorechallengingthanhehadthought.Thethoughtofleavingonceflashedthroughhismind,buthe___13___(quick)gaveupontheideaandfoundwaystodealwiththechallenges.【答案】11.smaller12.which##that 13.quickly【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是ZhangTian去一个农村当志愿者教师，但这所学校不是所有的一切都符合他的期望。【11题详解】考查比较级。句意：这所学校比他想象的要小得多，只有三个教室。由than可知，空格处用比较级smaller，故填smaller。【12题详解】考查定语从句。句意：在教室前面，有一个操场，刮风的时候是尘土飞扬的，下雨天是泥泞的。分析可知，空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词playground是物，因此空格处用关系代词which/that引导定语从句，故填which/that。【13题详解】考查副词。句意：离开的想法曾经闪过他的脑海，但他很快放弃了这个想法，并找到了应对挑战的方法。空格处要用副词quickly修饰动词短语gaveup，故填quickly。B阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ItwasmyfirsttimespendingSpringFestivalinChina___14___myhostfamily.SpringFestivalishighlyvaluedbyeveryChinesefamily.Preparationsbeganaweekbeforethefestival.First,thehouse___15___(clean)fromtoptobottom.Next,theChinesecharacterFuwasattachedupsidedowntoourfrontdoor.ThegreatestexcitementbeganthenightbeforeSpringFestival.Fireworkswerebeingletoffacrossthecity,suddenlylightingupthenightsky.Wethensattogether___16___(enjoy)abigdinner,wishingeveryoneahappynewyear.【答案】14.with15wascleaned16.enjoying【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在中国过春节的经历和感受。【14题详解】考查介词。句意：这是我第一次和寄宿家庭在中国过春节。分析句子结构和句意可知，此处需用介词with，表示“和……”，即和寄宿制家庭过春节。故填with。【15题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：首先，房子被彻底打扫了一遍。由文章前一句谓语动词began和空后was可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情；又因house与clean之间是被动关系，所以空处需用一般过去时的被动语态：was/weredone，主语是单数，所以用was。故填wascleaned。【16题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然后我们坐在一起享受一顿丰盛的晚餐，祝大家新年快乐。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语We与enjoy之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填enjoying。C阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Insome___17___(country),peoplearelivingverylonglives.Whataresomeoftheirsecretstolongevity(长寿)?Scientificresearchshowsthateatingtherightfoods___18___(play)abigroleindetermininghowlongyou’lllive.Exerciseisalsoimportant.Astudyfoundthatpeople___19___exercisedatrecommendedlevelsgained3,4yearsoflifecomparedtothosewhowereinactive.Inaddition,researchsuggeststhatthereisalinkbetweenhappiness___20___lifespan-happypeopletendtolivelongerandexperiencebetterhealththantheirunhappypeers.【答案】17.countries18.plays19.who20.that【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍长寿的秘诀。【17题详解】考查名词的数。句意：在一些国家，人们的寿命很长。设空前有some修饰，应用名词的复数形式，故填countries。【18题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：科学研究表明，吃正确的食物在决定你的寿命方面发挥着重要作用。分析可知，设空处为从句谓语，根据主句可知时态为一般现在时，主语是动名词，谓语用第三人称单数，故填plays。【19题详解】考查定语从句。句意：一项研究发现与不运动的人相比，按照推荐水平锻炼的人寿命延长了3,4年。分析可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，关系代词在从句中做主语，故填who。【20题详解】考查同位语从句。句意：此外，研究表明，与快乐之间也有联系，快乐的人往往比不快乐的同龄人活得更久、更健康。分析可知，设空处引导同位语从句，对link进行解释说明，从句中不缺少成分，也不缺少意思，故填that。 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节,38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHarbinIceandSnowWorldWhentalkingaboutChinaIceFestival,peoplearetypicallyreferringtotheHarbinIceandSnowWorld,whichshowsicesculpturesofhugeproportionsandopensusuallyfrom11amto10pmeachday.Besttimetoenter:Harbingetsdarkataround4pminwinter.Thebesttimetoentertheiceworldisaround3pmtoappreciatetheshiningicesculpturesinthedaytime,soonfollowedbythedazzlingcolorsandlighteffectsatnight.Itisrecommendedtospendnomorethan4hoursinsidetheiceworld,sinceitiswellbelowfreezing,especiallyaftersunset.Activitiestotake:1.PutonyourElsadress,walkintodreamlikebutrealicebuildings,andappreciateicecastlesandpeoplesculptures.2.Experiencethespeedandexcitementoficysuperslides.Youhavethechoiceofeighticeslidesofdifferentsizes.Thelongestis300meters.3.Entertainyourselfwithvariousamusementslikeiceclimbing,skating,skiing,icemazes,snowfights,andicebiking.4.AttendtheHarbinShow——asplendidice-and-snow-themedshowcombiningicedances,icemagic,clowncomedy,catwalkmodels,iceacrobatics,etc.TheHarbinShowisperformedbyartistsfromallovertheworld,threetimesadayafter5pm,eachshowlastingaround40minutes.Nomatterwhetheryouareasolotravelerlookingforatravelpartner,acouplelookingforsomethingromanticandfairytale,ortravelingwithyoungchildrenorwithfriendsforfunandadventure,wecancreateatripthatisrightforyou.ReadourpersonalizedOne-DayIceandSnowFairylandTourforinspirationorscantheQRcodetotellusyourneeds.21.Accordingtotheauthor,thebesttimetovisittheiceworldisA.ataround11amB.ataround8pmC.ataround3pmD.ataround10pm 22.Whatcanyoudointheiceworldaccordingtothepassage?A.Enjoyingtheicedriving.B.Experiencingicyslides.C.Creatingicebuildings.D.Learningicedance.23.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermayreadersfindthispassage?A.Travel.B.Business.C.Science.D.Sport.【答案】21.C22.B23.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是哈尔滨冰雪大世界的相关情况。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Thebesttimetoentertheiceworldisaround3pmtoappreciatetheshiningicesculpturesinthedaytime(进入冰雪世界的最佳时间是下午3点左右，可以欣赏白天闪闪发光的冰雕)”可知，参观冰雪世界的最佳时间是下午3点，故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“Experiencethespeedandexcitementoficysuperslides.(体验冰雪超级滑梯的速度和刺激。)”可知，在冰雪世界你能体验冰冷的滑梯。故选B。【23题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的“Nomatterwhetheryouareasolotravelerlookingforatravelpartner,acouplelookingforsomethingromanticandfairytale,ortravelingwithyoungchildrenorwithfriendsforfunandadventure,wecancreateatripthatisrightforyou.(无论您是寻找旅行伙伴的独自旅行者，还是寻找浪漫和童话的情侣，还是与年幼的孩子或与朋友一起旅行，我们都可以为您创造适合您的旅行。)”可知，这是一篇广告，介绍的是哈尔滨冰雪大世界的相关情况，是关于旅游的，因此可以在报纸的旅行版面找到这篇文章。故选A。BJulianaisa28-year-oldFemaleChiefEngineer,whoworksinanoiltanker(油轮)inBrazil.SheisoneofthehandfulfemalechiefengineersintheCountry.TheenvironmentofanoiltankerisatoughonetoworkinandJulianaisoneofthetoughestchiefengineersthecompanyhas.Hershipsuppliesfueltoothershipscomingtotheportandherjobrequireshertopaymuchattentionallthetime.Unlikemostchiefengineers,whoavoidgettingdirtontheirhands,Julianalovestoputherhandsingrease(润滑油).Shechangesoilandenginesandattendsalldailyworks.AccordingtoJuliana,herjobisnotsomethingthatotherwomencannotdo.Thoughtheworkonshiprequiresconsiderableamountofphysicalstrength,atrainedwomanofficercaneasilydealwithit.WhenaskedthesamequestiontoJuliana,shesaid,“Ithinkmanythingsshouldbe donenotwithforcebutwithintelligence.Manymenthinkthatwomendonothavetheability,butitisuptothewomentoprovethesemenwrong.Anditisverymuchpossibleifthereisenougheffort”.Julianawantswomentoexploreseveralgreatopportunitiesthattheshippingindustryprovides.Shehasbeensailingasachiefengineerforlast2yearsandsheloveseverybitofherjob.Shehassailedforaslongas45dayscontinuouslyfromBraziltoChinaandsheisveryhappywiththecareerchoiceshehasmade.Herworkinvolvesconstanttravelingtonewplaces,duringwhich,shehasmademanynewfriendsandvisitedseveralinterestingplaces.Butwhatshelovesmostisthesatisfactionshegetsfromdoingsomethingadventurousandunique.Julianawantstotellallthewomenoutthereintheworldthattheyhavegreatpossibilitiestoseekarespectablepositioninthemaritime(海上的)field.Shefeelsthatitisimportantforwomentobelieveinthemselvesandlookforuniquecareeropportunitiesinthemarineindustry.24.WhatdoweknowaboutJuliana?A.Sheisnoteasytogetalongwith.B.Sheisalwayscarefulwiththework.C.Sheiseagertotakechargeofthecompany.D.Sheisgoodatavoidinggettingdirtonherhands.25.What’sthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Heradvantagesovermen.B.Herdailyworkontheship.C.Hersuggestionsforwomen.D.Herattitudetowomen’swork.26.WhatattractsJulianamostinherjob?A.Makingmanynewfriends.B.Travellingabroadconstantly.C.Visitingseveralinterestingplaces.D.Gettingsatisfactionfromdoingworks.27.WhichofthefollowingwordcanbestdescribeJuliana?A.Honest.B.Easygoing.C.Confident.D.Warmhearted.【答案】24.B25.B26.D27.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍的是在油轮上工作的女总工程师Juliana的相关情况。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Hershipsuppliesfueltoothershipscomingtotheportandherjobrequireshertopaymuchattentionallthetime.(她的船为其他来港的船只提供燃料，她的工作要求她时刻保持高度的注意力。)”可知，她对工作总是很细心。故选B。 【25题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Unlikemostchiefengineers,whoavoidgettingdirtontheirhands,Julianalovestoputherhandsingrease(润滑油).Shechangesoilandenginesandattendsalldailyworks.AccordingtoJuliana,herjobisnotsomethingthatotherwomencannotdo.Thoughtheworkonshiprequiresconsiderableamountofphysicalstrength,atrainedwomanofficercaneasilydealwithit.(不像大多数总工程师，他们避免让自己的手沾上污垢，Juliana喜欢把她的手放在油脂中。她负责更换机油和发动机，并参与所有日常工作。Juliana说，她的工作并不是其他女性不能做的。虽然船上的工作需要相当大的体力，但一个训练有素的女军官可以轻松应付。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是她在船上的日常工作。故选B。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Butwhatshelovesmostisthesatisfactionshegetsfromdoingsomethingadventurousandunique.(但她最喜欢的是做一些冒险和独特的事情所带来的满足感。)”可知，Juliana工作中最吸引她的是从工作中获得满足感。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Julianawantstotellallthewomenoutthereintheworldthattheyhavegreatpossibilitiestoseekarespectablepositioninthemaritime(海上的)field.Shefeelsthatitisimportantforwomentobelieveinthemselvesandlookforuniquecareeropportunitiesinthemarineindustry.(Juliana想告诉世界上所有的女性，她们有很大的可能性在海事领域寻求一个受人尊敬的职位。她认为女性应该相信自己，并在海洋行业寻找独特的职业机会。)”可知，她是一个很有自信的人，故选C。CDoesMusicMakeYouRunFaster?Anexpertontheeffectsofmusiconexercise,Dr.CostasKarageorghis,claimsthatlisteningtomusicwhilerunningcanraiseperformancebyupto15%.Toputthistheorytothetest,Itookpartinaspecialhalfmarathon,whichhadgroupsofmusiciansplayingatvariouspointsalongtheroute.AsIwasatthestart,asingersanganinspiringsongforus.ItmayexplainwhyIgotofftoagoodstart.Butapartfromthesongatthestart,Icanhardlyrememberthemusicplayedalongthecourse.“Outstandingrunners”,saysKarageorghis,“tendtofocusonthemselveswhentheyarerunning.”Accordingtohim,mostotherrunnerslookforencouragementanddistractionfromwhatisgoingonaroundthem.Itistrue.Thenwhatdidotherrunnersmakeofthemusic?AdamBullusuallyrunsmarathonswithnomusicandlittlecrowdsupport.“Themusicherehasbeengreatformyperformance.Withthecheerfulbands,youfindyourselfrunningtothebeat,whichhelps.”TheonlypersonIfoundwhowaslessthanhappywiththemusicwasLoisLloyd.“Ifoundthemusicwasn’tloudenough,soIranwithanMP3player.”shesaid.“Ineedmymusicallthetime.”Karageorghisisnotsurprised whenItellhim.“Therearemanyadvantagestousingyourownplayer,ratherthanrelyingonthemusiconthecourse,”hesays.“Itgivesyouaconstantencouragement,andyoucanchangetheplaylisttoyourtaste.”Onerunnertoldmetherewasadirectconnectionbetweenthequalityofthemusiconthecourseandhowmuchithelped.Butquality,ofcourse,isbasedonpersonalopinions.Ofcourse,themusicwasnotonlytheretohelprunnersbreaktheirpersonalbests,buttoprovideasenseofoccasion,drawoutthecrowdsandcreateafestivalatmosphere.Alongwithsomespringsunshine,itcertainlyachievedthat.28.Whydidtheauthortakepartinaspecialhalfmarathon?A.Towinaprize.B.Totestatheory.C.Toenjoythemusic.D.Todosomeexercise.29.Accordingtothepassage,Dr.CostasKarageorghismaybelievethat______.A.musicbringsmorebenefitstooutstandingrunnersB.musiccanhelpimprovepeople’sperformanceinrunningC.musicwithhighqualityhelpsmuchinrunninginhalfmarathonD.musiconthecourseworksbetterthanthatinrunners’ownplayers30.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefunctionofmusictorunning?A.Positive.B.Doubtful.C.Critical.D.Uncertain.【答案】28.B29.B30.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了音乐可以帮助提高人们在跑步中的表现。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Toputthistheorytothetest,Itookpartinaspecialhalfmarathon,whichhadgroupsofmusiciansplayingatvariouspointsalongtheroute(为了验证这一理论，我参加了一场特殊的半程马拉松比赛，沿途有几组音乐家在不同的地点演奏)”可知，作者参加这场特殊的马拉松是为了验证上文提到的理论，故选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Anexpertontheeffectsofmusiconexercise,Dr.CostasKarageorghis,claimsthatlisteningtomusicwhilerunningcanraiseperformancebyupto15%(研究音乐对运动影响的专家CostasKarageorghis博士称，跑步时听音乐可以使运动表现提高15%)”可知，CostasKarageorghis相信音乐可以帮助提高人们在跑步中的表现。故选B。 【30题详解】观点态度题。根据最后一段“Ofcourse,themusicwasnotonlytheretohelprunnersbreaktheirpersonalbests,buttoprovideasenseofoccasion,drawoutthecrowdsandcreateafestivalatmosphere.Alongwithsomespringsunshine,itcertainlyachievedthat.(当然，音乐的存在不仅仅是为了帮助跑者打破他们的个人最好成绩，而是为了提供一种场合感，吸引人群，创造节日气氛。再加上春天的阳光，它当然做到了)”可知，作者非常认同音乐在跑步时对人的积极作用，及提高个人表现，创造场合感和欢快的气氛。由此可知，作者对于跑步时音乐的功能是持积极乐观的态度的。故选A。DScientistsandordinarypeoplealikehavelongwonderedwhymosquitoesaremoreattractedtosomepeoplethanothers.Growingevidencesuggeststhataperson’suniqueodor(气味)playsalargepartinit,withseveralodorantsknownasmosquitoattractants.Now,thesmellofcarboxylicacids(羧酸)canbeaddedtothatlist,researchersatRockefellerUniversityreported.“Everybodyaskswhysomepeoplearemoreattractivetomosquitoesthanothers.”LeslieVosshall,astudycoauthorandneurobiologistsays.SoVosshallandhercolleaguesgathered64volunteersandaskedeachofthemtowearnylonstockingsaroundtheirarmsforsixhourstocollecttheiruniqueskinodor.Theythenplacedtwostockingsintoseparatecontainerssidebyside,andreleasedmosquitoestoseewhichstockingtheymovedtoward.Afterpittingthedifferentstockingswitheachother,theteamcameoutwithawinnerthatwasabout100timesmoreattractivethanthelastplacestocking.Thescientistsrepeatedtheseexperimentsoverthreeyearswiththesamevolunteers,findingthatthevolunteer’sattractivenessratingremainedstableovertimedespitechangesindietorskinproductusage.Thenthescientistsperformedachemicalanalysisonthestockings.Sureenough,theyfoundthatthestockingsthatwerehighlyattractivetomosquitoeshadhighlevelsofcarboxylicacids.“Ifyouhavehighlevelsofthisstuffonyourskin,you’regoingtobetheoneatthepicnicgettingallthebites,”saysVosshall.Thescientiststriedgeneticallychangingtheinsectstoreducetheirsensitivitytotheacids.However,thisdidnotaffectthemosquitoes’preferences.“Ithinkthisshowsthefactthatmosquitoesarechoosingwhotobitebasedonseveralodorsfromourskin.”“Italsoshowsoutstandingperformanceintheolfactory(嗅觉的)systemofthemosquito:whenonereceiveris disturbed,therelevantodorcanstillbefoundbyadifferentreceiver,”Vosshallsays.Unfortunately,it’sdifficulttochangetheproductionofcarboxylicacidsorotherodorantswithoutnegativelyaffectingskinhealth,Vosshallsays.Anditisunlikelythatanysingleproductcouldchangeaperson’sskinodortoenablethemtoavoidmosquitoesentirely.“Mosquitoeshavemanyotherplanstobeabletofindusandbiteus.”shesays.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pitting”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Mixing.B.Exchanging.C.Comparing.D.Covering.32.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.People’sattractivenesschangesiftheyusedifferentskinproducts.B.Mosquitoeshavelimitedreceiverstoodorsthatareeasilydisturbed.C.Peoplewithhighlevelsofcarboxylicacidsaremoreattractivetomosquitoes.D.Mosquitoes’preferencescanbechangediftheirsensitivitytotheacidsisreduced.33.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Carboxylicacidsareharmfultoskinhealth.B.Mosquitoespreferpeoplewhodon’tuseskinproduct.C.Peoplehavemanyplanstostayawayfrommosquitoes.D.Productschangingskinodorcanhardlypreventmosquitoes.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Whyaresomepeoplemoreattractivetomosquitoesthanothers?BWhatcanpeopledotoprotectthemselvesfrommosquitoes?C.Whenaremosquitoesmostsensitivetotheacids?D.Howdomosquitoesimpactpeople’sskinhealth?【答案】31.C32.C33.D34.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，研究发现羧酸的气味使某些人比其他人更吸引蚊子。【31题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段的“thedifferentstockingswitheachother(不同的丝袜之间)”和“theteamcameoutwithawinnerthatwasabout100timesmoreattractivethanthelastplacestocking(这个团队最终选出了比倒数第一名的长袜更吸引人100倍的冠军长袜)”可知，划线词所在的句子表示“在将不同的长筒袜相互比拼后，该团队选出了比倒数第一名的长袜更吸引人100倍的冠军长袜”。由此可知，划线词pitting的意思是“比 较”，和comparing意思相近，故选C。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段的“Sureenough,theyfoundthatthestockingsthatwerehighlyattractivetomosquitoeshadhighlevelsofcarboxylicacids.“Ifyouhavehighlevelsofthisstuffonyourskin,you’regoingtobetheoneatthepicnicgettingallthebites,”saysVosshall.(果不其然，他们发现对蚊子极具吸引力的长袜含有大量的羧酸。“如果你皮肤上有大量的这种物质，你就会成为野餐时被咬伤的那个人，”Vosshall说)”可知，从文章中我们能了解到羧酸含量高的人对蚊子更有吸引力。故选C。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Anditisunlikelythatanysingleproductcouldchangeaperson’sskinodortoenablethemtoavoidmosquitoesentirely.(而且，任何一种单一的产品都不太可能改变一个人的皮肤气味，使他们能够完全避开蚊子)”可推知，改变皮肤气味的产品很难阻止蚊子。故选D。【34题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Scientistsandordinarypeoplealikehavelongwonderedwhymosquitoesaremoreattractedtosomepeoplethanothers.Growingevidencesuggeststhataperson’suniqueodor(气味)playsalargepartinit,withseveralodorantsknownasmosquitoattractants.Now,thesmellofcarboxylicacids(羧酸)canbeaddedtothatlist,researchersatRockefellerUniversityreported.(长期以来，科学家和普通人都想知道为什么蚊子对某些人更有吸引力。越来越多的证据表明，一个人独特的气味在很大程度上起着作用，有几种气味被称为蚊子引诱剂。现在，洛克菲勒大学的研究人员报告称，羧酸的气味可以被添加到这个列表中)”可知，文章介绍了一项研究，研究发现羧酸的气味使某些人比其他人更吸引蚊子。由此可知，“为什么有些人比其他人更吸引蚊子？”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Formanyparents,itisnoteasytoaskforinformationfromchildrenaboutwhattheydidatschoolallday.____35____Butothertimes,theykeepsilenceorrespondwithasingleword.Itdoesn’thavetobesotough.Withtherightstrategies,eventhemostsilentchildwillopenup.____36____Don’task“Howwasyourday?”.Thisquestionoftenleadstoone-wordanswersorashrug.Formanychildren,thequestionistoogeneralandtheydon’twanttothinkabouthowtoansweritwithspecifics.Shareyourownexperiences.____37____Don’tshyawayfromsharingyourchallengingexperiences.Itwillgettheconversationstarted andhelpchildrenunderstandtheirownemotions.Labelingthatyouarealsohavingastressfulexperienceisagoodchancetoshowthemhowtheymightdothat.____38____Askwhenyourchildfeelsdisappointed,frustratedorsad,too.Askingchildrentosharenegativeaswellaspositiveemotionscanhelptosurfaceproblemsinamoreroutine,lessstressfulway.Avoiddistractions.Chooseatimetotalkwhenyou’llbeabletolistentoyourchild.____39____Childrenarelesslikelytoreplywiththoughtfulanswerswhenyou’renotpayingfullattention.Fullfocuswillhelpyouaskfollow-upquestions,whichareimportanttoshowinterest.A.Don’trushtoknoweverything.B.Sometimes,kidsarehappytochat.C.Don’texpectonlypositiveexperiences.D.Here’showtogetthemtotellyouabouttheirday.E.Putyourphonedownandavoiddoingotherchores.F.Onewayistoaskchildrentoretellwhattheylearnedinschool.G.Childrenmayfollowyourleadifyoushareyourownhighlightsandlowlights.【答案】35.B36.D37.G38.C39.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述让孩子如何敞开心扉和你谈话的一些方法。【35题详解】根据下文“Butothertimes,theykeepsilenceorrespondwithasingleword.(但其他时候，他们保持沉默或只用一句话回应。)”可推断出上文和此相反，B选项“有时候，孩子们很乐意聊天。”符合题意，并且“Sometimes”呼应下文“othertimes”，故选B。【36题详解】根据上文“Withtherightstrategies,eventhemostsilentchildwillopenup.(有了正确的策略，即使是最沉默的孩子也会敞开心扉。)”再结合下文的各个小标题，可知此处讲有一些方法可以让孩子敞开心扉，故D选项“下面是如何让他们告诉你他们的一天。”符合题意，故选D。【37题详解】根据小标题“分享你自己的经历”可知本段主要讲关于怎样去分享自己的经历的，G选项“如果你分享你自己的亮点和不足，孩子们可能会跟随你的脚步。”符合本段主旨，并且紧密连接下文，故选G。【38题详解】 根据本段内容“Askwhenyourchildfeelsdisappointed,frustratedorsad,too.Askingchildrentosharenegativeaswellaspositiveemotionscanhelptosurfaceproblemsinamoreroutine,lessstressfulway.(问问你孩子什么时候感到失望、沮丧或悲伤。让孩子们分享消极和积极的情绪，可以帮助他们以一种更常规、压力更小的方式解决问题。)”可知本段讲不但要分享积极的情绪，也要分享消极的情绪，C选项“不要只期待积极的经历。”概况了本段主旨，故选C。【39题详解】根据上文“Chooseatimetotalkwhenyou’llbeabletolistentoyourchild.(选择一个你能听孩子说话的时间。)”可知要选择不能分心的时间去听孩子说话，再结合下文“Childrenarelesslikelytoreplywiththoughtfulanswerswhenyou’renotpayingfullattention.(当你没有全神贯注的时候，孩子不太可能给出深思熟虑的答案。)”，可推测出此处为说明你应该如何做才能不分心，E选项“放下手机，避免做其他家务”起到承上启下的作用，故选E。第三部分：书面表达(共两节,32分)第一节：阅读表达(共4小题;第40、41题各2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分)。阅读下面短文,根据文章内容及题目要求回答问题。Isitthefutureworryingme?DidIhurtsomeonebymistake?AmIexpectingtoomuchfromlife?Weareoftenstuckintheseunnecessarythoughts,causinganxietyandmakingusweak.Theescapefrommysadnessanddepressedthoughthasbeencookingforthepastfewmonths.Ireadthroughquickrecipes,findtheonesthatIcanconnectto,andsearchupformaterialsinthekitchen.EverytimeIcutavegetable,itislikeIamcuttingoffmyproblems.Allofthisnotonlybringsmegreatjoy,butitleadsmetodiscoversomethingIamgoodat,whichImighthavenevertriedotherwise.Cookingcanworkasatreatment,whichhasreceivedsomescientificexplanations.Mentalhealthexpertshavetalkedaboutthebenefitscookingandbakingprovidesforpeoplestrugglingwithpoormentalhealth.Throughcooking,thesepeoplecangetbackcontroloftheirlives.Theycanbringbackthefeelingofjoyandexcitementthathasbeenlonggonefromtheirdailylives.JuliaOhana,anactiveexpertinculinarytherapy,talkedaboutthesignificancecookingholdsintermsoftimecontrol,communication,andproblem-solvingability.Shebelievesalltheseskillscombinedhelppeoplebecomelessdepressedandmoresatisfied.Theexcitementwhenyouworkonarecipeisunexplainable.Youlookforwardtowhatyouaregoingtocreatefromyourownhands.Youhavethepowertomakesomethinggreat,onlydependingonthedirectionyoutakeandyourcookingskills.40.Whatmightbetheresultifwearecaughtinunnecessaryworries?__________________________________________________________ 41.Accordingtotheexperts,whatbenefitswillcookingbringtopeoplewithpoormentalhealth?__________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Theauthorchoosestocookwhenhefeelssadbecausehewantstocomforthimselfwithagoodmealandthecookingprocessalsobringshimhappiness.__________________________________________________________43.Pleasebrieflypresentsomeotherwaystogetridofunnecessaryworries.(Inabout40words)__________________________________________________________【答案】40.Causinganxietyandmakingusweak.41.Bringbackthefeelingofjoyandexcitement.42.Theauthorchoosestocookwhenhefeelssadbecausehewantstocomforthimselfwithagoodmealandthecookingprocessalsobringshimhappiness.43.First,Ioftentakeexercisestoremovetheunnecessaryworries.Forexample,practicingyogaisagoodwayformetogetridofmystressandworriesandfindsomeinnerpeace.Theotherwayformetorelaxistolistentothemusic.Musicmakesmefeeleasyandcomfortable.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述烹饪和烘焙可以消除生活中不必要的烦恼。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Isitthefutureworryingme?DidIhurtsomeonebymistake?AmIexpectingtoomuchfromlife?Weareoftenstuckintheseunnecessarythoughts,causinganxietyandmakingusweak.(我担心的是未来吗?我是不是误伤了人?我是否对生活期望过高?我们经常陷入这些不必要的想法，引起焦虑，使我们软弱)”可知，如果我们陷入不必要的担忧，就会引起焦虑并且使我们软弱，故答案为Causinganxietyandmakingusweak.。【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段“Cookingcanworkasatreatment,whichhasreceivedsomescientificexplanations.Mentalhealthexpertshavetalkedaboutthebenefitscookingandbakingprovidesforpeoplestrugglingwithpoormentalhealth.Throughcooking,thesepeoplecangetbackcontroloftheirlives.Theycanbringbackthefeelingofjoyandexcitementthathasbeenlonggonefromtheirdailylives.(烹饪可以作为一种治疗方法，这已经得到了一些科学解释。心理健康专家谈到了烹饪和烘焙给心理健康状况不佳的人带来的好处。通过烹饪，这些人可以重新掌控自己的生活。他们可以找回从日常生活中消失已久的快乐和兴奋的感觉)”根据专家的说法， 烹饪会给心理健康状况不佳的人带来快乐和兴奋的感觉。故答案为Bringbackthefeelingofjoyandexcitement.。【42题详解】考查推理判断。根据第二段“Theescapefrommysadnessanddepressedthoughthasbeencookingforthepastfewmonths.Ireadthroughquickrecipes,findtheonesthatIcanconnectto,andsearchupformaterialsinthekitchen.EverytimeIcutavegetable,itislikeIamcuttingoffmyproblems.Allofthisnotonlybringsmegreatjoy,butitleadsmetodiscoversomethingIamgoodat,whichImighthavenevertriedotherwise.(在过去的几个月里，我一直在逃避悲伤和沮丧的想法。我阅读快速食谱，找到我能联系到的，并在厨房里寻找材料。每次我切蔬菜的时候，就好像我在切掉我的问题。所有这一切不仅给我带来了巨大的快乐，而且还让我发现了我所擅长的，否则我可能从未尝试过的事情)”可知作者选择做饭，不是作者用一顿好饭来安慰自己，而是做饭给作者带来了快乐，发现了自己所擅长的，所以中间划线部分是错误的。故答案为Theauthorchoosestocookwhenhefeelssadbecausehewantstocomforthimselfwithagoodmealandthecookingprocessalsobringshimhappiness.。【43题详解】本题可有多种答案，仅供参考。这是我经常用来消除烦恼的两种方法：First,Ioftentakeexercisestoremovetheunnecessaryworries.Forexample,practicingyogaisagoodwayformetogetridofmystressandworriesandfindsomeinnerpeace.Theotherwayformetorelaxistolistentothemusic.Musicmakesmefeeleasyandcomfortable.第二节：书面表达(20分)44.根据题目所提出的具体要求，在答题卡上写出一篇连贯完整的短文。词数不少于60。假设你是红星中学的高一学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim对于你校近期组织的线上体育课很感兴趣，请你根据下面的信息给他回信,介绍线上体育课相关情况，内容包括：1.线上体育课所需准备；2.课堂活动内容；3.个人收获与感受。信的开头结尾以为你写好，不计入总词数。OnlinePEClassPreparationsapairofcomfortableshoesClassactivitiesdosomewarm-upswatchvideosonhowtodosportspracticedoingdifferentsportsBenefitsandyourfeelings…….DearJim,I’veheardyouareinterestedinouronlinePEclass.NowI’dliketointroduceittoyou.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________That’sallforouronlinePEclass.Ifyouwanttoknowmore,contactme!Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,I’veheardyouareinterestedinouronlinePEclass.NowI’dliketointroduceittoyou.Firstofall,weneedtoprepareapairofcomfortableshoesforonlinePEclass.PEteachersdemonstratemovementsandtechniquesonvideosandstudentsdosomewarm-upsandothersportsbywatchingvideosonhowtodosportspractice.OuronlinePEclassiswellreceivedbyallstudentsbecausevarioussportscoursesareofferedandwecandodifferentsportsofourownchoice.OnlinePEclassnotonlycanencourageustodophysicalexerciseactively,butalsocanimproveourhealthathome.That’sallforouronlinePEclass.Ifyouwanttoknowmore,contactme!Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】这篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是红星中学的高一学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim对于你校近期组织的线上体育课很感兴趣，请你根据下面的信息给他回信，介绍线上体育课相关情况。【详解】1.词汇积累首先：Firstofall→Firstly演示：demonstrate→show各种各样的：various→varietiesof提高：improve→enhance2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Firstofall,weneedtoprepareapairofcomfortableshoesforonlinePEclass.拓展句：Firstofall,weneedtoprepareapairofcomfortableshoesforonlinePEclass,whichcontributestotakingexercises. 【点睛】【高分句型1】OuronlinePEclassiswellreceivedbyallstudentsbecausevarioussportscoursesareofferedandwecandodifferentsportsofourownchoice.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句）【高分句型2】OnlinePEclassnotonlycanencourageustodophysicalexerciseactively,butalsocanimproveourhealthathome.（运用了notonly…butalso…句型）