河南省洛阳市普高联考2022-2023学年高三英语上学期测评卷（三）（Word版带解析）

普高联考2022-2023学年高三测评(三)英语注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutthejourney?A.It’srelaxing.B.It’swonderful.C.It’sdisappointing.2.Whichprogramwillbeshownafterthefootballmatch?A.Thenews.B.Thecartoon.C.Afoodprogram.3.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?AOnaship.B.Onatrain.C.Onaplane.4.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Guideandvisitor.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Managerandsaleswoman.5.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Shecan’tfindhernotes.B.Itisnousereadingthenotes.C.MrSmithdidn’tcometoday.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6至7题。6.Whatdidthemangivetothewoman? A.Hisnewaddress.B.Hisnewphonenumber.C.Hiskeytotheapartment.7.Whatcanwelearnabouttheman’soldapartment?A.Therentwastoohigh.B.Itwasnearhisoffice.C.Theneighborsweren’tfriendly.听第7段材料,回答第8至9题。8.Whatdayisittoday?A.Wednesday.B.Thursday.C.Friday.9.Whatisthemangoingtodonext?A.Waitforhiswatch.B.Talktothemanager.C.Gotoanotherstore.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。10.Whatdidthespeakerstalkaboutlastweek?A.Westernmusic.B.Dailywork.C.Namecards.11.Whydoesthemanofferthewomanhiscard?A.Togethercontactdetails.B.Tostopdiscussingwithher.C.Tomeetupwithher.12.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Helostthewoman’scard.B.Heforgotthewoman’sname.C.Hedidn’trecognisethewoman.听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。13.WhatwillthespeakersdoonSaturday?A.Gohiking.B.GototheEnglishclub.C.Gotoabookstore.14.WhenwillBeth’splaybeon?A.OnTuesday.B.OnWednesday.C.OnThursday.15.Wherewillthecharityshowbeheld?A.Inthehospital.B.Inthecountrypark.C.Ontheschoolplayground.16.WhatdoesthewomansuggestdoingonFriday?A.Goingtothehospital.B.Doingsomecharitywork.C.Watchingafootballgame.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.What’stheweatherlikenow?A.Rainy.B.Snowy.C.Sunny.18.Howlongwilltheyspendonwalking?A.Morethan6hours.B.Only6hours.C.Lessthan6hours.19.Whatshouldbeavoidedtakingtomorrow?A.Amap.B.Acamera.C.Awhistle.20.Whatshouldtheydonow? A.Gotodinner.B.Gotosleep.C.Gotoschool.第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AOnJuly27,2022,aheadofthePLA’s95thbirthday,ChinesepresidentXipresentedtheAugust1Medaltothreemilitaryservicememberswhohavemadeoutstandingcontributions.Let’smeetthreeofthem.QianQihuQianQihu,85,ascientistattheChineseAcademyofEngineering,hasmademajorcontributionstobuildingaseriesofdefensefacilitieslocateddeepinsidemountains.Qiandescribedhisworkasthe“UndergroundSteelGreatWall”thatcanguaranteethesecurityofChina.EventhoughQianhasretired,hehasn’tstoppedworking.HeactivelyadvisesontheconstructionoftheSichuan-TibetRailway.“ThoughI’maover80,IfeelthatIstillhavealotofthingstodo,”hesaid.NieHaishengIn2021,NieHaishengworkedascommanderoftheShenzhouXIImission,becomingthefirstmembertoliveandworkinChina’sTiangongspacestationforthreemonths.Hewonthetitleof“heroastronaut”afterShenzhouVImission.With1,480hoursofflighttime,hebecameafirst-gradepilotandjoinedthecountry’sfirstteamofastronautsin1998.Hespentcountlesshourstraininghardtopreparetoflytospace.Hegotadoctoraldegreein2021.“You’renevertoooldtolearn,”the57-year-oldsaid.DuFuguoOnOct11,2018,deminingsoldierDuFuguoandhisteammatesweredoingamineclearanceinYunnan.Suddenly,agrenade(手榴弹)exploded.Dumanagedtoprotecthisteammates,buthelosthishandsandeyesforever.Duwasanexcellentdeminingsoldier,whovolunteeredtojointheChina-Vietnambordermineclearancemissionin2015.Hewassotalentedthathehadmasteredmorethan10differentwaystoremovebombswithinthreemonths.1.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeNieaccordingtothepassage?A.Hardworkingandstrong-willed.B.Professionalandcreative.C.Loyalandmodest.D.Considerateandoutgoing.2.WhatcanweknowaboutDuFuguo?A.Duisasoldierwhoremovedgrenadesonly.B.DulosthishandsandeyesforeverinVietnam.C.DujoinedtheChina-Vietnambordermineclearancemissionfouryearsago.D.Dumasteredmanywaystoremovebombsinashorttime.3.Whatdothethreemenhaveincommon? A.TheyareallsoldiersofthePLAAirForce.B.Theyallsuccessfullysavedtheirpartners.C.Theyallmakeoutstandingcontributionsintheirarea.D.Theyareallstudyingfortheirdoctor’sdegree.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了“八一勋章”的三位获得者。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据NieHaisheng部分中“Hespentcountlesshourstraininghardtopreparetoflytospace.(他花了无数小时刻苦训练，准备飞向太空。)”可知，他是工作勤劳的；同时根据该部分中“Hegotadoctoraldegreein2021.“You’renevertoooldtolearn,”the57-year-oldsaid.(他于2021年获得博士学位。“活到老，学到老，”57岁的他说。)”可知，不论年龄多大，他坚持学习，可以体现出他是意志坚定的。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据DuFuguo部分中“Hewassotalentedthathehadmasteredmorethan10differentwaystoremovebombswithinthreemonths.(他才华横溢，在三个月内就掌握了10多种不同的拆除炸弹的方法。)”可知，他才华横溢，在很短的时间内就掌握了10多种拆除炸弹的方法。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“theAugust1Medaltothreemilitaryservicememberswhohavemadeoutstandingcontributions.(八·一勋章授予三名做出突出贡献的军人。)”可知，文中这三位“八一勋章”获得者的共同点是，他们都是在各自领域做出突出贡献的军人。故选C。BChinacameinsecondplaceoverallafterlosingtotheUSA83-61intheFIBAWomen’sBasketballWorldCupfinalonSaturdayinSydney,Australia.Itwaslikehistoryrepeateditselfbecause28yearsago,in1994,ChinafinishedtheWorldChampionshipwithsilvermedalsinAustraliaaswell.Onthewaytothetopstage,theydefeatedtraditionalwomen’sbasketballpowerhousesincludingFranceandAustralia.Actually,theroadtothesuccesswasquitetough.Ontheonehand,ChinesetopscorerLiMeng,whosufferedfromafever,wasabsentfromthefinal.Earlierinthegroupstage,ChinalosttotheUnitedStates77-63,whenLiscored21points,morethananyoneelseonthecourt.Ontheotherhand,theaggressivenessofcompetitorsproduced13stealsforUSAandforced19turnoversoutofChina.Moreover,therewasalwaysadefenderfollowingHanXucloselytostandinthepassingroutebetweenHanandherteammates.ItwasverydifficultfortheChineseguardtopasstheballoutagainstsuchdefense,nottomentiontofeedHanforanopenshot. Facedwithchallenges,girlsdidn’tgiveup.Theyworkedtogethertocompeteagainstthe“powerhouse”.LiYueruledChinawith19pointsand12rebounds,whichmadeLithefirstdouble-doubleinaWorldCupfinalsince2013.Meanwhile,ChineseplayerWuTongtongscored13pointsbeforebeinghelpedoffthecourtwithaleginjury.“Wetriedourbesttowintoday.Thoughwedidn’tmakeit,wefeelthatweshowedourbestandhopetogetbetterresultsinthefuture,”LitoldXinhua.Saturday’slosswasnotthebestresultforChina,butitcouldbeagoodlessonfortheirplayers,headcoachZhengWeiandeveryotherinvolvedwithChinesebasketballdevelopmenttolearnsotheycandobetterinthefuture.4.WhatisthemainpurposeofParagraph2?A.Tointroducethechallengestheyfaced.B.Tointroducehowtoovercomedifficulties.CTotellreadershowtoplaybasketball.D.Tostatehowtodevelopthestrategyforthebasketballcompetition.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutLiYueru?A.Shescored21pointsinthefinal.B.Shebecamethefirstdouble-doublein1aWorldCupfinalsince2013.C.Shewasabsentfromthefinalbecauseofthefever.D.Shewasthebiggestfanofshooting3-pointers.6.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Patienceisthemotherofgoodluck.B.Nothinggreatwaseverachievedwithoutenthusiasm.C.Continuousefforts-notstrengthorintelligence-isthekeytounlockingourpotential.D.Successisnotmeasuredbythepositionyoureachinlifebutthedifficultiesyouovercome.7.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Anadvertisement.B.Anewsreport.C.Amagazine.D.Asportsbrochure.【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍的是周六，在澳大利亚悉尼举行的国际篮联女篮世界杯决赛中，中国队以83-61负于美国队，排名第二。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Actually,theroadtothesuccesswasquitetough.(事实上，通往成功的道路是相当艰难的。)”以及“Ontheonehand,ChinesetopscorerLiMeng,whosufferedfromafever,wasabsentfromthefinal.Earlierinthegroupstage,ChinalosttotheUnitedStates77-63,whenLiscored21points,morethananyoneelseonthecourt.Ontheotherhand,theaggressivenessofcompetitorsproduced13stealsforUSAandforced19turnoversout ofChina.Moreover,therewasalwaysadefenderfollowingHanXucloselytostandinthepassingroutebetweenHanandherteammates.(一方面，中国的头号射手李孟因为发烧而缺席了决赛。在此前的小组赛中，中国队以77-63不敌美国队，当时李娜得到21分，比场上任何人都多。另一方面，竞争对手的侵略性为美国队创造了13次抢断，迫使中国队出现19次失误。而且，在韩旭和队友之间的传球路线上，总有一名防守队员紧紧跟着韩旭。)”可知，本段讲述的是中国女排在通往成功的道路上所面临的的各种困难。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“LiYueruledChinawith19pointsand12rebounds,whichmadeLithefirstdouble-doubleinaWorldCupfinalsince2013.(李月汝以19分和12个篮板领衔中国队，这使李成为自2013年以来世界杯决赛中的第一个两双。)”可知，李成为自2013年以来世界杯决赛中的第一个两双。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Facedwithchallenges,girlsdidn’tgiveup.Theyworkedtogethertocompeteagainstthe“powerhouse”.(面对挑战，女孩们没有放弃。他们一起与“强国”竞争。)”以及倒数第二段中“Wetriedourbesttowintoday.Thoughwedidn’tmakeit,wefeelthatweshowedourbestandhopetogetbetterresultsinthefuture.(我们今天尽了最大努力去赢。虽然我们没有成功，但我们觉得我们已经尽了最大的努力，希望在未来取得更好的成绩。)”以及最后一段中“Saturday’slosswasnotthebestresultforChina,butitcouldbeagoodlessonfortheirplayers.(周六的失利对中国队来说不是最好的结果，但对他们的球员来说可能是一个很好的教训。)”可知，周六的失利对中国队来说不是最好的结果，但对他们的球员来说可能是一个很好的教训，虽然中国女篮负于美国队，排名第二，但是她们取得的成绩不是以名次来衡量的，而是用克服的困难来衡量的。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，文章介绍的是周六，在澳大利亚悉尼举行的国际篮联女篮世界杯决赛中，中国队以83-61负于美国队，排名第二。文章介绍的是该新闻事实，故可以推断文章出自于一篇新闻报道。故选B。CWeareallawareoftheeffectgreenhousegasemissionsarehavingonourplanetandtheeffortsneededtotackleclimatechange.Mostofusaredoingourbittominimizeourimpactontheenvironment,butdespiteouroveralleffort,arewedoingenoughtoachievenetzeroby2050?Netzeromeansnotincreasingtheamountofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.ManycountriesaredoingtheirbitbychanginghowtheygenerateandIusepower,therebycuttingcarbondioxideoutput.IntheUK,thegovernmenthasbeensettingoutitsplanstoachievenetzeroby2050.It’srecentlyannouncedanenddateforthesaleofgasboilers,whichareusedforheatinghomes.The ideaistoreplacethemwithheatpumps.It’sofferinghomeownersgrantsofupto£5,000togettheminstalled.AnothermovementintheUKisabigpushtowardselectricvehicles.Therewillbefinancialincentives(动机)forcarmanufacturers,andmorechargingpointsaretobeinstalled(安装)instreets.Andtherewillbeaprohibitiononthesaleofnewpetrolanddieselcarsby2030.Butnotallemissionscanbereducedtozero,sotheremainingemissionswillhavetobecompensatedfor,oroffset.Onewaytodothisistoplantthousandsoftrees,whicharegoodatabsorbingcarbondioxide.TheUKgovernmenthaspledgedtothecitizenstoplant30,000hectaresoftreesayearby2025.WhethertheUK,oranyoneelse,canreachnetzeroremainstobeseen.Andthere’ssomedoubtabouthowthiscanbeaccuratelymeasuredanyway.Butit’sgenerallyrecognizedthataglobaleffortisneededtotackleclimatechange.Therefore,netzerotargetsonlymakesenseifeveryothercountryismovinginthesamedirection.8.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?A.Netzeromeansremovingthegreenhousegasesfromtheatmospherethoroughly.B.Britishwillceaseusinggasboilers.C.Everyhomeownerwillreceive£5,000forinstallinggasboilers.D.TheUKgovernmenthaspersuadedallBritishtobuyelectricvehicles.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pledged”inParagraph4probablymean?A.guaranteedB.plannedC.announcedD.started10.Accordingtothepassage,whichmeasuremaybeineffectiveforachievingNetZeroTargets?A.Replacegasboilerswithheatpumps.B.Popularizeelectricvehicles.C.Plantthousandsoftrees.D.Sellnewpetrolanddieselcars.11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.UK—thePioneerofNetZeroTargetsB.UnavoidableImpactofClimateChangeC.JointEffortIsEssentialtoAchieveNetZeroTargetsD.TheWaystoAchieveNetZeroTargets【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，文章介绍了英国政府为了实现“净零排放”而制定了一些计划。但是对于该目标的实现，全球共同努力才是关键。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“It’srecentlyannouncedanenddateforthesaleofgasboilers,whichareusedforheatinghomes.(最近，政府宣布了用于家庭供暖的燃气锅炉的销售终止日期)”可知，英国将停止使用燃气锅炉。故选B。 【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“toplant30,000hectaresoftreesayearby2025(到2025年，每年要种植3万公顷的树木)”可知，英国政府为了降低减排，将会种植成千上万棵树，由此英国政府向民众承诺每年要种植3万公顷的树木。故划线词与guarantee为近义词，意为“保证，承诺”。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Andtherewillbeaprohibitiononthesaleofnewpetrolanddieselcarsby2030.(到2030年，英国将禁止销售新的汽油和柴油汽车)”可知，为了实现净零目标英国将禁止销售新的汽油和柴油汽车，由此推知，与之相反的措施：销售新的汽油和柴油汽车，可能会让实现净零目标无效。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章介绍了英国政府为了实现“净零排放”而制定了一些计划，结合最后一段中“Butit’sgenerallyrecognizedthataglobaleffortisneededtotackleclimatechange.Therefore,netzerotargetsonlymakesenseifeveryothercountryismovinginthesamedirection.(但人们普遍认为，应对气候变化需要全球努力。因此，净零目标只有在其他所有国家都朝着同一个方向前进的情况下才有意义)”可知，真正实现这一计划，需要全球的共同努力。故C选项“JointEffortIsEssentialtoAchieveNetZeroTargets(共同努力是实现净零目标的关键)”是文章最佳标题。故选C。DWhatarethethingsthatscareyou:snakes,spidersorfrighteningcrawlies?Ormaybeyouhaveafearofheightsorvisitingthedentist.Althoughsomeofusjustgetscaredorabitnervousaboutthesethings,forothersitcancausearidiculousreactionthatcan’tbecontrolled-somethingwecallaphobia.Itoccurswhensomeonedevelopsanextremeorunrealisticsenseofdangeraboutasituationorobject.Sometimesit’sgoodtobeawareofthepossibledangersfromthings.Ourbrainwarnsusabouttherisksthatmightlieahead,butthenweoftenassesstherisksandovercomethem.ClinicalpsychologistWarrenMantoldtheBBC,“Ourfearsarehard-wiredintoourbrains-wedon’tneedtolearntobeafraidofanimalslikesnakesorspiders.”Butphobiasarestrongerthanjustfears.Warrensays,“Anareacalledtheamygdalainthebrainisrecognizingathreatandpreparingyourbodyforfightorflight.”Withaphobia,yourbreathinggetsquicker,yourpulsespeedsup,yousweat,there’smoreglucose(葡萄糖)inyourblood,increasingyourenergy,andyourbrainisunabletocontrolthesereactions.Butwheredoesaphobiacomefrom?LaurenRosenberg,afearandphobiaexpert,says,“Phobiasusuallyareacopybehaviourfromahigherauthority,likeaparentorteacher,orsomethingyouhavelearntfromyourownexperience,oraninjuryfromapasteventthatcomesbacktohauntyou.” Therearemanydifferentcomplexphobiassomepeoplesufferfrom,suchasagoraphobia-causedbybeingawayfromhomefortoolong,social-phobia-feelinganxiousinsocialsituations,andiatrophobia-fearofdoctors.Buthowcantheybeovercome?Cognitivebehavioraltherapyisoneoption,whereyougraduallygetusedtowhateveryoufear.LaurenRosenburgsaysshelikestoworkwithpeopletocleartheirsubconsciousmemoryandhelpthembreathe.Butifyoudohaveaphobia,continuallytryingtoavoidwhatyou’reafraidofislikelytomakethesituationworse,soit’sagoodideatofindhelptoovercomeit.12.WhichistrueaccordingtoWarren’swords?A.Phobiasarestrongerthanfears.B.Fearisahardreactiontosomethingscary.C.Phobiascancauseirrationalanduncontrolledreactions.D.Amygdalaplaysancrucialroleintheprocessofdevelopingaphobia.13.AccordingtoLaurenRosenberg,whoismostlikelytodevelopaphobia?A.Tomwhohastakenintoomuchglucose.B.Jacksonwhosawamovieaboutharmsintheschoollastweek.C.Marylivingwithherrespectablemotherthathasasocial-phobia.D.Lily,oncebittenbyadog,whostilladoresdogs.14.Forapersonwithagoraphobia,whichwillmakehimanxious?A.Visitingadentist.B.Studyingataboardingschool.C.Stayinginaroomwithoutanylight.D.Playingpirateshipwithbestfriends.15.Whatisthebestwaytotreatphobias?A.Avoidingwhatyouareafraidof.B.Disconnectingfromeveryonearound.C.Seekingprofessionals’assistance.D.Communicatingwithpeoplewhohavesimilarproblems.【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了什么是恐惧症，同时文章指出，针对恐惧症，不断地试图逃避所害怕的东西可能会让情况变得更糟，所以寻求帮助来克服它是解决问题的关键。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Withaphobia,yourbreathinggetsquicker,yourpulsespeedsup,yousweat,there’smoreglucose(葡萄糖)inyourblood,increasingyourenergy,andyourbrainisunabletocontrolthesereactions.(患有恐惧症时，你的呼吸加快，脉搏加快，出汗，血液中葡萄糖含量增加，你的能量增加，而你的大脑无法控制这些反应。)” 可知，患有恐惧症时，你会呼吸加快，脉搏加快，出汗，血液中葡萄糖含量增加，你的能量增加，而你的大脑无法控制这些反应，即恐惧症会导致非理性和不受控制的反应。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Phobiasusuallyareacopybehaviourfromahigherauthority,likeaparentorteacher,orsomethingyouhavelearntfromyourownexperience,oraninjuryfromapasteventthatcomesbacktohauntyou.(恐惧症通常是模仿更高权威的行为，比如父母或老师，或者你从自己的经历中学到的东西，或者过去事件中受到的伤害，这些伤害会回过头来困扰你。)”可知，过去事件中受到的伤害，这些伤害会回过头来困扰你，由此造成恐惧症。D选项“Lily,oncebittenbyadog,whostilladoresdogs.(莉莉，曾经被狗咬过，现在还很喜欢狗。)”可知，莉莉在过去的事件中被狗咬过，受到伤害，故有可能会得恐惧症。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第一段中“Therearemanydifferentcomplexphobiassomepeoplesufferfrom,suchasagoraphobia-causedbybeingawayfromhomefortoolong,social-phobia-feelinganxiousinsocialsituations,andiatrophobia-fearofdoctors.(有些人患有许多不同的复杂恐惧症，比如广场恐惧症——由于长时间离开家而引起的，社交恐惧症——在社交场合感到焦虑，以及医生恐惧症——害怕医生。)”可知，agoraphobia该种类别的恐惧症是由于长时间离开家而引起的。B选项“Studyingataboardingschool.(在寄宿学校学习。)”可知，在寄宿制学校学习则会长时间离家，容易形成agoraphobia这种类别的恐惧症。故选B。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Butifyoudohaveaphobia,continuallytryingtoavoidwhatyou’reafraidofislikelytomakethesituationworse,soit’sagoodideatofindhelptoovercomeit.(但如果你确实有恐惧症，不断地试图逃避你所害怕的东西可能会让情况变得更糟，所以寻求帮助来克服它是个好主意。)”可知，解决恐惧症最好的方法不是逃避，而是寻求帮助来克服它。C选项“Seekingprofessionals’assistance.(寻求专业的帮助)”与文中的findhelp相呼应。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Asthesayinggoes,timewaitsfornoman.Timeisalwaysagainstus,andwejustcan’tstopit.___16___Butiftimekeepingisnotwhatyou’regoodat,don’tstress.Theremightbeagoodreasonforyourlateness.___17___Somepeoplealwayswatchtheclockandmakesuretheyalwaysarriveontimeforameeting.Itis,afterall,rudetobelate.Butif,likeme,youwanttomakeeverysecondcount,youmighttrytosqueezeasmuchasyoucanintothetimeyouhave.However,whenyour scheduledoesn’trunaccordingtoplan,youwillcertainlybelatefornextstep.Peoplewholackpromptness(准时)havebeendescribedas“timebender”.AuthorGracePacietoldtheBBCthat“They’rethepeoplewhodon’twanttobelate,buttheyhaveastrangeresistancetobeingearly,andtheydon’tallowenoughtime.___18___”Perceptionsofunpunctualpeoplearealmostalwaysnegative-evenifsometimeswrong.WritingfortheBBC,LauraClarkesays,“___19___Itcouldbeyourtype.Thepunctually-challengedoftensharepersonalitycharacteristics,suchasoptimism,lowlevelsofself-control,anxiety,oratendencyforthrill-seeking.”Itisalsopossiblethatpeoplearelatetoavoidtheanxiouswaitforotherstoturnup.MaybeuslatecomersshouldmakemoreeffortandfollowtheadviceIheardtonot“try”tobeontimebut“decide”tobeontime.Iknowifameetingoradeadlinereallymatters,thenI’llbethereontime.___20___A.Beingconsistentlylatemightnotbeyourfault.B.Itisyourfaulttobelateformeetingwhileothersarewaitingforyou.C.Otherwiserelax,evenifothersareblamingme.D.Theyassumetheirjourneywillalwaysgosmoothly,andthetrainwillalwaysbeontime.E.Usually,asmallamountoflatenessisacceptable.FMaybethat’swhysomeofusarealwaysrunninglateforappointments.G.People’sattitudestobeingontimevary.【答案】16.F17.G18.D19.A20.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了人们迟到的原因并建议人们轻松面对这类问题。【16题详解】根据空前的“Asthesayinggoes,timewaitsfornoman.Timeisalwaysagainstus,andwejustcan’tstopit.(俗话说，时不我待。时间总是和我们作对，我们就是无法阻止它。)”可知，此处强调的是时间总是与我们作对，设空处应该指出由此产生的结果。F选项“Maybethat’swhysomeofusarealwaysrunninglateforappointments.(也许这就是为什么我们中的一些人约会总是迟到的原因。)”符合语境，上下文是因果关系，解释了我们总是与会迟到的原因，即我们无法阻止时间。故选F。【17题详解】根据后文的“Somepeoplealwayswatchtheclockandmakesuretheyalwaysarriveontimeforameeting.(有些人总是看时钟，以确保他们总是准时到达会议。)”以及后文的“Butif,likeme,youwanttomakeeverysecondcount,youmighttrytosqueezeasmuchasyoucanintothetimeyouhave.(但如果像我一样,你想让每一秒都有,你可能会试图尽可能多地挤出你所拥有的时间。)”可知，本段强调的是人们对于准时的态度是不同的。G选项“People’sattitudestobeingontimevary.(人们对准时的态度各不相同。)”符合语境，引起下文。故选G。 【18题详解】根据本段段首“Peoplewholackpromptness(准时)havebeendescribedas“timebender”.(缺乏准时的人被称为“不守时的人”。)”可知，本段是围绕“不守时的人”展开的。结合上文“AuthorGracePacietoldtheBBCthat“They’rethepeoplewhodon’twanttobelate,buttheyhaveastrangeresistancetobeingearly,andtheydon’tallowenoughtime.(作家格蕾丝·帕西在接受BBC采访时表示:“他们是那种不想迟到的人，但他们对提前有一种奇怪的抗拒，他们不给自己足够的时间。)”介绍不守时的人的行为，D选项“Theyassumetheirjourneywillalwaysgosmoothly,andthetrainwillalwaysbeontime.(他们认为他们的旅程会一直顺利，火车会一直准点。)”对“不守时的人”进一步介绍，承接前文。故选D。【19题详解】根据后文“Itcouldbeyourtype.Thepunctually-challengedoftensharepersonalitycharacteristics,suchasoptimism,lowlevelsofself-control,anxiety,oratendencyforthrill-seeking.(它可能是你的特征。不守时的人通常有共同的性格特征，比如乐观、自控能力差、焦虑或寻求刺激的倾向。)”可知，此处强调“不守时”可能本身就是你自己固有的特征，经常迟到可能不是你的错。故A选项“Beingconsistentlylatemightnotbeyourfault.(经常迟到可能不是你的错。)”引起下文解释原因，符合语境。故选A。【20题详解】根据前文“MaybeuslatecomersshouldmakemoreeffortandfollowtheadviceIheardtonot“try”tobeontimebut“decide”tobeontime.I(也许我们这些迟到的人应该更努力，听从我听到的建议，不要“试图”准时，而是“决定”准时。)”以及“Iknowifameetingoradeadlinereallymatters,thenI’llbethereontime.(我知道如果一个会议或最后期限真的很重要，那么我就会准时到场。)”可知，如果一个会议真的很重要，我们应该要“决定”准时，而不是“试图”准时，即一定要准时到场。但是对于其他情况即使有人指责你，你也可以放轻松，随意对待。故C选项“Otherwiserelax,evenifothersareblamingme.(否则就放松，即使别人都在指责我。)”符合语境，与前文是转折关系，介绍了两个方面。otherwise是关键词。故选C。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。EuropeanSpaceAgencyastronautSamanthaCristoforettiisbackonEarthafterspendingfiveandahalfmonthsinorbitontheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).TheItalian___21___muchattentioninChinaaftershe___22___someclassicChinesepoemsonsocialmediawithaviewoftheChinesecapitalfromspace. Thatview___23___CristoforettitodiveintotheChineseclassicsastheISSflewoverpartsofChina.Shequoted4th-centurypoetWangXizhi’sPrefacetoPoemsComposedattheOrchidPavilion:“Lookingup,Iseetheimmensityofthecosmos;bowingmyhead,Ilookatthemultitudeoftheworld.Thegazeflies,theheartexpands,thejoyofthesensescanreachitspeak,andindeed,thisistruehappiness.”Thetextwas___24___byphotosofChinatakenfromthespacestation.Her___25___spacecraftsplasheddownoffthecoastofFlorida.Afteramedicalcheck,shewasflowntoamilitarybaseinGermany,whereCGTNEuropeaskedwhyshe___26___thatparticularpoemandifshewasawareofthe___27___ithadgained.“Ihaveagoodfriend,anItalianwhohaslivedinChinafor30years—asinologist,very___28___aboutChineseliterature.”shesmiled,“hesuggestedthattome,anditsoundedlikeagood___29___.Sounfortunately,Icannottakecreditforchoosingit—butforchoosingasmartfriend.”ItishopedthatESAastronautswill_____30_____theirChinesecounterpartsforjoint_____31_____atsomepointinthefuture.WithCristoforettihavinglaidsomegroundworkforthat,ESADirectorGeneralJosefAschbacherwasfullof_____32_____forher—andpositiveaboutthe_____33_____spiritofspaceexploration.“ShespeaksverywellinChinese,andthisposthasshownthatshecandothisverywell,”hetoldCGTN.“Spaceis_____34_____.Thereisnowaytoputa_____35_____inspace—thespacestation,thesatellites,theyflyaroundtheEarth,they_____36_____boundaries,cultures,religionsanddifferentdivides.Ithinkthisissomethingthatweshould_____37_____:Spaceisaboveeverything._____38_____theremaybemany_____39_____betweennationsonEarth,inspace,cooperationis_____40_____.”21.A.signedupB.pickedupC.usedupD.packedup22.A.recitedB.expressedC.illustratedD.quoted23.A.inspiredB.insultedC.indicatedD.interpreted24.A.acceptedB.acknowledgedC.accompaniedD.followed25.A.departureB.returnC.recoveryD.delivery26.A.wroteB.requiredC.choseD.published27.A.interestB.attentionC.effortD.result28.A.knowledgeableB.shallowC.commonD.eager29.A.possessionB.adaptationC.passageD.example30.A.feedupwithB.putupwithC.comeupwithD.teamupwith 31.A.strengthsB.creditsC.expectationsD.missions32.A.praiseB.criticismC.commentD.substance33.A.conflictedB.dividedC.unitedD.separated34.A.vastB.internationalC.individualD.limitless35.A.boundaryB.extremeC.extentD.principle36.A.bridgeB.crossC.shortenD.minimize37.A.rememberB.remindC.trustD.ignore38.A.UntilB.WhenC.UponD.While39.A.competitorsB.subjectsC.issuesD.opportunities40.A.relatedB.weakC.necessaryD.typical【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.B26.C27.B28.A29.C30.D31.D32.A33.C34.B35.A36.B37.A38.D39.C40.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了意大利欧洲航天局女宇航员SamanthaCristoforetti，藉由千年之前的王羲之的名句，骋目抒怀，表达她俯瞰寰宇时飞扬的心绪。同时文章表达了中国航天员也将与外国航天员一道，共同为人类探索宇宙奥秘、推动构建人类命运共同体作出更大贡献。【21题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这位意大利人在社交媒体上，从太空中，通过引用了一些中国经典诗歌，配图中国首都景色，在中国引起了广泛关注。A.signedup报名；B.pickedup引起；C.usedup用光；D.packedup打包。根据后文的“muchattentioninChina”可知，此处表示“引起了广泛的关注”。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位意大利人在社交媒体上，从太空中，通过引用了一些中国经典诗歌，配图中国首都景色，在中国引起了广泛关注。A.recited复述；B.expressed表达；C.illustrated说明，阐述；D.quoted引用。根据后文“Shequoted4th-centurypoetWangXizhi’sPrefacetoPoemsComposedattheOrchidPavilion”可知，她引用了一些中国经典诗歌。故选D。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当国际空间站飞越中国部分地区时，这一景色激发Cristoforetti 对中国经典的钻研。A.inspired激发；B.insulted侮辱，冒犯；C.indicated暗示，表明；D.interpreted解释，说明。根据后文的“diveintotheChineseclassics”可知，这一景色激发了Cristoforetti对中国经典的钻研，以至于她引用王羲之的名句。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：文字附有从空间站拍摄的中国照片。A.accepted接受；B.acknowledged承认；C.accompanied伴随，附着；D.followed跟随。根据前文“someclassicChinesepoemsonsocialmediawithaviewoftheChinesecapitalfromspace”的内容，可知古诗词是附在照片旁边的。故选C。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的返程飞船降落在佛罗里达海岸。A.departure分离；B.return回来；C.recovery恢复；D.delivery运输。根据第一句“EuropeanSpaceAgencyastronautSamanthaCristoforettiisbackonEarthafterspendingfiveandahalfmonthsinorbitontheInternationalSpaceStation.”可知，欧洲航天局宇航员Cristoforetti在国际空间站轨道上待了五个半月后返回地球，此处是指返程的宇宙飞船降落在佛罗里达海岸。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在体检后，她被空运到德国的一个军事基地，中国国际电视台欧洲频道问她为什么选择了这首诗，她是否意识到这首诗引起了广泛关注。A.wrote写；B.required要求；C.chose选择；D.published出版。根据前文“Thetextwas___4___byphotosofChinatakenfromthespacestation.”可知，Cristoforetti选择引用王羲之的经典文章来表达自己的感受，故中国国际电视台欧洲频道应该询问她为什么选择这首古诗。故选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在体检后，她被空运到德国的一个军事基地，中国国际电视台欧洲频道问她为什么选择了这首诗，她是否意识到这首诗引起了广泛关注。A.interest兴趣；B.attention注意力；C.effort努力；D.result结果。根据前文“TheItalian___1___muchattentioninChina”可知，此处表示中国国际电视台欧洲频道询问她是否意识到这首诗引起了广泛关注。故选B。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有一个好朋友，他是意大利人，在中国生活了30年，是一位汉学家，对中国文学非常了解。A.knowledgeable知识渊博的；B.shallow浅的；C.common常见的；D.eager渴望的。根据前文“whohaslivedinChinafor30years—asinologist”可知，可知她的这位朋友对中国文学非常了解，是知识渊博的。故选A。29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他建议我选这个诗句，这个选段非常不错。A.possession 拥有；B.adaptation改编；C.passage段落；D.example例子。根据前文“Shequoted4th-centurypoetWangXizhi’sPrefacetoPoemsComposedattheOrchidPavilion”和“Lookingup,Iseetheimmensityofthecosmos;bowingmyhead,Ilookatthemultitudeoftheworld...”可知，Cristoforetti接受朋友的意见，选择引用王羲之的经典文章段落。故选C。【30题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：欧洲航天局的宇航员有望在未来的某个时候与中国同行合作执行联合任务。A.feedupwith吃饱，厌烦；B.putupwith忍受；C.comeupwith提出；D.teamupwith合作。根据后文的“joint”可知，此处强调欧洲航天局的宇航员有望在未来的某个时候与中国同行合作。故选D。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：欧洲航天局的宇航员有望在未来的某个时候与中国同行合作执行联合任务。A.strengths力量，强项；B.credits信誉，信用；C.expectations期待，预料；D.missions任务。此处强调“执行联合任务”。故选D。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于Cristoforetti已经为此打下了一些基础，欧洲航天局总干事约瑟夫·阿施巴赫对她大加赞扬，并对太空探索的团结精神持积极态度。A.praise赞美，表扬；B.criticism批评；C.comment评论；D.substance物质。根据前文的“WithCristoforettihavinglaidsomegroundworkforthat”和下文“ShespeaksverywellinChinese,andthisposthasshownthatshecandothisverywell”可知，欧洲航天局总干事约瑟夫·阿施巴赫对她大加赞扬。故选A。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于Cristoforetti已经为此打下了一些基础，欧洲航天局总干事约瑟夫·阿施巴赫对她大加赞扬，并对太空探索的团结精神持积极态度。A.conflicted因心理冲突而不知所措的；B.divided分裂的；C.united团结的，联合的；D.separated分居的。根据前文“ItishopedthatESAastronautswill____10____theirChinesecounterpartsforjoint____11____atsomepointinthefuture.”可知，此处表示对太空探索的团结精神持积极态度。故选C。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：太空是国际性。A.vast巨大的；B.international国际的；C.individual个体的；D.limitless无限的。根据后文“they____16____boundaries,cultures,religionsanddifferentdivides.”可知，太空是国际的，是全世界的。故选B。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在太空中没有办法划定边界——空间站、卫星，它们绕着地球飞行，它们跨越国界、文化、宗教和不同的鸿沟。A.boundary界限；B.extreme极端；C. extent程度；D.principle原则。根据上文和后文的“they____16____boundaries,cultures,religionsanddifferentdivides.”可知，太空是国际的，在太空中没有办法划定边界的。故选A。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在太空中没有办法划定边界——空间站、卫星，它们绕着地球飞行，它们跨越国界、文化、宗教和不同的鸿沟。A.bridge搭建（桥梁）；B.cross跨越；C.shorten缩短；D.minimize缩小。根据前文“Spaceis____14____”可知，在太空中没有办法划定边界，空间站、卫星绕着地球飞行，它们跨越国界、文化、宗教和不同的鸿沟。故选B。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认为我们应该记住这一点：太空高于一切。A.remember记住；B.remind提醒；C.trust信任；D.ignore忽视。根据后文“Spaceisaboveeverything.”可知，我们应该记住：太空高于一切。故选A。【38题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然地球上的国家之间可能有很多问题，但在太空中，合作是必要的。A.Until直到；B.When当……时候；C.Upon一……就……；D.While虽然。前后两句构成让步关系，此处表示“虽然”。故选D。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然地球上的国家之间可能有很多问题，但在太空中，合作是必要的。A.competitors竞争者；B.subjects科目；C.issues问题；D.opportunities机会。根据后文“betweennationsonEarth”可知，虽然地球上的国家之间可能有很多问题。故选C。【40题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然地球上的国家之间可能有很多问题，但在太空中，合作是必要的。A.related相关的；B.weak虚弱的；C.necessary必要的，必不可少的；D.typical典型的。根据前文“cooperation”可知，虽然地球上的国家之间可能有很多问题，合作是必不可少的。故选C。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Itiseasytogetcarriedawayin___41___argument.While___42___(have)areasonableconversationwithsomeonewhohasadifferentopinionmightseemslikeachallenge,itispossible.Onewayistoapproachtheotherperson___43___understanding.TheEmpathy(共鸣)Challengeisanexercise___44___(create)byZoeChance,seniorlecturerattheYaleSchoolofManagement.AtYale,Chaniceteachesacoursecalled“MasteringInfluenceandPersuasion” wherestudentslearntocommunicate___45___(effective).Inherblog,Chanceexplains___46___isimportanttolistentopeoplewhodisagreewithyou.“Astheyexplaintheirposition,youlistenfortheirhiddenvalues.Finally,youlookforcommongroundasyoureflectthosevaluesback.That’sit.”Chancefirsttookthischallengeherselfbeforeaskingherstudentstotry.Asshecouldn’tunderstandwhymanypeoplepreferred___47___(vote)forDonaldTrump,shefoundthreeTrump’svotersandspokewiththem.Throughaskingquestions,Chancewasabletounderstandthemandrealizetheyhadsimilarfeelings.Oneman,anOrthodoxJew,___48___(explain)thathesupportedTrumpbecauseTrump’sdaughterandson-in-lawareJewish.ThenextmanwasaRussianimmigranteagerforfreedom.Thethirdwasalawyer___49___believedthathonestywasimportanttopoliticalleaders.AlthoughChanceandthosepeoplehaddifferentpolitical____50____(belief),theywereabletorelatetothelifevaluesofothers.Andthat’sthepointoftheexercise-tounderstandothersasfellowhumanbeings.【答案】41.an42.having43.with44.created45.effectively46.it47.tovote48.explained49.who##that50.beliefs【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章讲述了虽然与持有不同意见的人进行理性对话似乎是一种挑战，但是有一种方法可以走进对方即同理心，这就是尊重不同的观点或立场。【41题详解】考查冠词。句意：在争论中很容易失去理智。分析句子，句中argument意为“争论”为名词，此处表示泛指，设空处应该使用冠词，argument的发音是元音音素开头。故填an。【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然与持不同意见的人进行合理的对话似乎是一种挑战，但这是可能的。分析句子，设空处应该使用have的动名词形式having作让步状语从句的主语。故填having。【43题详解】考查介词。句意：一种方法是用理解来接近对方。分析句子，设空处应该使用介词与空后understanding构成介词短语，此处表示“用”介词使用with。故填with。【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：同理心挑战是由耶鲁大学管理学院高级讲师佐伊·钱尼斯发起的一项练习。分析句子，设空处应该使用非谓语都能歌词作后置定语，逻辑主语exercise与create之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填created。【45题详解】考查副词。句意：在耶鲁大学，钱尼斯教授一门名为“掌握影响力和说服”的课程，让学生学习有效沟通。分析句子，设空处应该使用effective的副词effectively作状语，修饰动词communicate，意为“有效地”。故填effectively。【46题详解】考查代词。句意：在她的博客中，钱尼斯解释说，倾听那些不同意你的人是很重要的。分析句子，设空处应该使用it作形式主语，真正的主语为tolisten。故填it。【47题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于她不明白为什么很多人更愿意投票给唐纳德·特朗普，她找到了三个特朗普的选民，并与他们交谈。句中prefertodo为固定短语，意为“更喜欢做某事”。故填tovote。【48题详解】考查动词。句意：一名正统犹太人解释说，他支持川普是因为川普的女儿和女婿是犹太人。分析句子，设空为主句谓语动词，此处表示过去事实，故使用一般过去时。故填explained。【49题详解】考查定语从句。句意：第三位是一位律师，他认为诚实对政治领导人很重要。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，先行词是lawyer，为人，使用关系代词who或者that。故填who/that。【50题详解】考查名词。句意：虽然吉斯和那些人有不同的政治信仰，但他们能够理解他人的人生价值观。分析句子，设空处应该使用名词作宾语。根据文中different可知，此处belief应该使用复数形式。belief意为“信念，信条”，其复数为beliefs。故填beliefs。第四部分写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(＾),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。LastyearIhadvisitedthehistoricaluniversitytownofCambridge.EveryoneknowsUniversityofCambridgeisoneofabestuniversitiesintheworld,andfewpeopleknowitsuniquesystem.ItwasdifferentfromwhatIhadexpected!31collegesareinthetownthatstudentslive,studyanduseleisurefacility.Thisiswhy,whenappliedtoUniversityofCambridge,applicantstakegreatcaretoselecttherightcollegeforthemselves.Forvisitors,manyplacesareworthvisiting.Ifyouareenthusiasticclassics,Iwouldrecommendvisitingmuseumsaspartofyourtrip.Thereisamuseumdesigningforshowingalmosteverythingyoucanthinkof,includingphysicallysciences,artandclassics.Youwouldbeabletoburyyouintheacademicatmosphereandappreciatethewonderfulexhibitseachmuseumoffers.【答案】1.删除had2.a→the3.and→but4.that→where5.facility→facilities6.applied→applying7.classics前添加about8.designing→designed9.physically→physical10.you→yourself【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者去年参观剑桥大学城的所感所想。【详解】1.考查动词。句意：去年我参观了历史悠久的剑桥大学城。句中lastyear表示动作发生在过去，故使用一般过去时。故将had删除。2.考查冠词。句意：人人都知道剑桥大学是世界上最好的大学之一，但很少有人知道它独特的体系。句中best为最高级，前面应该使用定冠词the。故将a改为the。3.考查连词。句意：同上。此处前后两句构成转折关系，故将and改为but。4.考查定语从句。句意：这和我预想的不一样！大学城内有31所学院，在这里学生居住、学习和使用休闲设施。分析句子，此处应该使用where引导定语从句，在从句中做地点状语。故将that改为where。5.考查名词。句意：同上。分析句子，句中facility为名词，意为“设施”其为可数名词，此处表示复数意义，故用复数形式。故将facility改为facilities。6.考查非谓语动词。句意：这就是为什么在申请剑桥大学时，申请人会非常谨慎地为自己选择合适的学院。分析句子，此处构成状语从句的省略结构，applicants与apply之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作伴随状语。故将applied改为applying。7.考查固定短语。句意：如果你热衷于古典文学，我建议你在旅行中参观博物馆。句中beenthusiasticaboutsth为固定短语，意为“对……充满热情”。故在classics前添加about。8.考查非谓语动词。句意：这里有一个博物馆，几乎可以展示你能想到的一切，包括物理科学、艺术和经典。分析句子，句中应该使用design的过去分词作后置定语，表示“被设计”。故将designing改为designed。9.考查副词。句意：同上。句中应该使用physical的形容词作定语，修饰名词。physicalscience意为“自然科学”。故将physically改为physical。 10.考查反身代词。句意：同上。句中buryoneselfinsth意为“使某人自己沉浸于”，应该使用反身代词。故将you改为yourself。第二节书面表达(满分25分)52.假如你是李华,最近中国的电热毯、睡袋等冬季必需品在欧洲各国销售火爆,你的英国朋友Jack给你发邮件表达了他对电热毯的喜爱,并询问使用的注意事项,请你给他回一封邮件。内容包括:1.感谢他对“神器”的喜爱;2.介绍使用注意事项;3.欢迎他尝试其他中国保暖神器。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。电热毯:electricblankets;电热水壶:electrickettles;可穿戴睡袋:wearablesleepingbags;保暖内衣:thermalunderwear___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearJack,IrecentlylearnedthatChinesewinternecessitiessuchaselectricblanketsandsleepingbagsareverypopularinEuropeancountries.Iamverygratefultoyouforyourinterestintheseitems.HereiswhatIwanttotellyou.First,whenusingelectricblankets,makesureyouusethemduringtheday.Ifyouareusingitatnight,don’tforgettoturnitofftoavoidcausingafire.Second,iftheelectricblanketisdirty,youcanonlyuseabrushtoscrub,anddonotusethehandrubincaseofthehotwirebroken.Third,donotsmokeinbedwhileusingelectricblankets.Sincerely,Ihopemysuggestionswillbehelpfultoyou.Atthesametime,IalsowelcomeyoutotryotherChinesewearablesleepingbags,electrickettles,thermalunderwear,etc.YoursLiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jack写信告知他使用电热毯的注意事项。同时欢迎他尝试其他中国保暖神器。【详解】1.词汇积累首先：first→firstofall其次：second→inaddition建议：suggestion→advice诚挚的：sincerely→genuinely 2句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：HereiswhatIwanttotellyou.拓展句：HerearethemattersthatIwanttotellyou.【点睛】【高分句型1】First,whenusingelectricblankets,makesureyouusethemduringtheday.（运用了状语从句省略结构）【高分句型2】Second,iftheelectricblanketisdirty,youcanonlyuseabrushtoscrub,anddonotusethehandrubincaseofthehotwirebroken.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）