湖南省永州市第四中学2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期中试卷（Word版附解析）

湖南省永州市四中高一2022-2023学年上学期英语期中试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatkindofmusicdoesthemanlikebest?AJazz.B.Rock.C.Pop.2.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Husbandandwife.C.Teacherandstudent.3.WhathasJacksondecidedtodo?A.Liveindependently.B.Startanewcompany.C.Staywithhisparents.4.Whenwillthemancalltheheadquarters?AAt9:30.B.At10:30.C.At10:40.5.Whyisthefishindangerofdyingout?A.Becauseofover-fishing.B.Becauseofwaterpollution.C.Becauseofanaturaldisaster.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。6.WhyisHarryunwillingtojointhewoman?A.Heistoolazy.B.Hewantstowatchamatch.C.Hehasapaininhisknee.7.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Stayathome.B.TakeHarrytohospital.C.Dosomeexercise.听下面一段对话，回答第8、9题。8.Whyistheboy’sfatherunabletocomehomefordinner?A.Heissickinhospital.B.Heiscaughtinanaccident.C.Heisworkinginplaceofanotherman.9.Whatistheboy’sfatherprobably?A.Apoliceman.B.Adoctor.C.Afireman.听下面一段对话，回答第10至12题。10.Whatwasthewomandoingwhenshesawthedolphins?A.Swimming.B.Diving.C.Sailing. 11.Whydidthewomangiveupskydiving?A.Theweatherwasbad.B.Shefeltquitetired.C.Shegotfrightened.12.Whatdidthewomanfindmostexciting?A.Hikingintherainforest.B.Exploringtheoldcaves.C.Climbingthemountain.听下面一段对话，回答第13至16题。13.Whatwasthewoman’sdreamwhenshewassmall?A.Areporter.B.Amodel.C.Anadvertiser.14.Whatishardforthewoman?A.Torelievestress.B.Toperformonthestage.C.Tomakefriends.15.Whatcanweknowaboutthewoman?A.Shelikestraveling.B.Shehasmanyfriends.C.Shebecameamodelwhenshewasinhertwenties.16.Whatdoesthewomansuggestintheend?A.Stickingtoone’sdreams.B.Tryingtoinfluenceothers.C.Travelingaroundtheworld.听下面一段独白，回答第17至20题。17.WhydidGrandpaPandettigotothevillage?A.Tobuyamirror.B.Totradehisgoods.C.Tovisithisfamily.18.WhatdidGrandpaPandettidowhenhereturnedhome?A.Hehungthemirroronthewall.B.Hetoldhisfamilyaboutthemirror.C.Hemadedinnerforhimself.19.WhatdidthePandettisdointheend?A.Theysmiledwhenevertheylookedinthemirror.B.Theytookthemirroroffthewall.C.Theymadefriendswithstrangers.20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.Lifeinthemountains.B.ThePandettis’goods.C.Aspecialpresentforafamily.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出最佳选项。AExploringAtlantaontwowheels!Earl’sRoadRideWithlonguphillclimbsandsteepdownhillpaths,Earl’sRoadRidewasmeanttoberiddenfast.You’llstartofffromEarl’sBikeShop,ridenorthwardsasyoupowerthroughBuckhead,andthenrushtowardsVinings.AsyoureachtherailyardsofNorthwestAtlanta,you’llknowyou’venearlymadeit. Date:January19thDistance:29.2milesEstimatedtime:2:30hrsTheMuralRideThisridetakesyouthroughsomeofAtlanta’smostcolorfulneighborhood.Thisisafairlyeasyridedesignedtobedoneatapacethatallowsyoutoenjoymuralpaintingonthestreet.ThisroutedrawsfromseveraloftheirsectormapstocreateathoughcoveringGrantPark,Downtown,theWestEnd,uptothewestsideandbackacrosslowerMidtowntothestartatManny’sGrantPark.Date:February25thDistance:13.08milesEstimatedTime:3:00hrsAtlanta’sLoneliestPathThisstreetrouteshowsyouthecloseproximity(邻近)ofindustrial,commercialandresidentialspacesinvisibletomostpeoplewhodonotlivehere.Atthesouthernmostpoint,youwillfindthePhoenixAirport,you’llexploresomeoftheGulchtothesecurityfenceofHartsfield-JacksonAtlantaInternationalAirport,you’llexploresomeofFulton’soldestneighborhoodswithease.Date:March25thDistance:28.4milesEstimatedTime:2:00hrsCityCycling-AtlantaBicycleCoalitionFebruary2thPre-Ride:avirtualgatheringwherewe’llbuildcommunity,shareskillsandlearnaboutthreeeasyrides.February3rdthroughthe8th:takeuponeormoreoftheskill-andconfidence-buildingridesaloneorwithyourfriends.February9thPost-Ride:avirtualgatheringwherewe’llshareourexperiences,celebrateourachievementandtalkabout“What’snext?”Date:February2nd-9thRoute1:7.5milesRoute2:10milesRoute3:5miles1.WhatisspecialaboutTheMuralRide?A.Itrequiresbothstrengthandspread. B.Itoffersthreedifferenttypesofroutes.C.Itfeaturesacombinationofartandsport.D.ItcoverstheoldestneighborhoodsinFulton.2.WhatwillparticipantsdoonFebruary2nd?A.CyclealongthePhoenixPath.B.Meettogetheronlineforthecomingrides.C.Shareexperiencesandhaveacelebrationparty.D.VisitHartsfield-JacksonAtlantaInternationalAirport.3.Whichofthefollowingisthemostchallenging?A.Earl’sRoadRoadRide.B.TheMuralRide.C.Atlanta’sLoneliestPath.D.CityCycling-AtlantaBicycleCoalition【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了骑自行车游览亚特兰大的四条线路。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“TheMuralRide”下文介绍的第一、二句“ThisridetakesyouthroughsomeofAtlanta’smostcolorfulneighborhood.Thisisafairlyeasyridedesignedtobedoneatapacethatallowsyoutoenjoymuralpaintingonthestreet.(这趟旅程将带你穿越Atlanta最丰富多彩的社区。这是一个相当简单的旅程，设计的速度可以让你在街上欣赏壁画。)”可知，这条线路可以让骑行者欣赏沿途的壁画，由此可知，TheMuralRide的特别之处在于将艺术和体育相结合。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“CityCycling-AtlantaBicycleCoalition”下文介绍的第一句“February2thPre-Ride:avirtualgatheringwherewe’llbuildcommunity,shareskillsandlearnaboutthreeeasyrides.(2月2日骑行前：一个在线虚拟聚会，我们将在这里建立社区，分享技能，并学习三种简单的骑行方式。)”可知，在2月2日这一天，参与者们将会通过在线的方式一起交流学习，为即将到来的骑行活动做好准备。故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据“Earl’sRoadRide”下文介绍中的“Withlonguphillclimbsandsteepdownhillpaths,Earl’sRoadRidewasmeanttoberiddenfast.You’llstartofffromEarl’sBikeShop,ride northwardsasyoupowerthroughBuckhead,andthenrushtowardsVinings.AsyoureachtherailyardsofNorthwestAtlanta,you’llknowyou’venearlymadeit.(Earl公路骑行有漫长的上坡路和陡峭的下坡路，它的目的是快速骑行。你将从厄尔自行车店出发，向北行驶，穿过Buckhead，然后冲向Vinings。当你到达亚特兰大西北部的铁路站场时，你会知道你已经快到了。)”和“Distance:29.2miles(距离：29.2英里)”以及“EstimatedTime:2:30hrs(预计时间：2.5小时)”可知，这条线路最具有挑战性。故选A。BIamnotgoodatfinedining.Evenafteracoupleofformalmealsincollege,Istilldidn’tknowhowtobalanceapileofpeasonthebackofmyfork,whichisobviouslytheEuropeanstyle.Honestly,IthinkIammuchmoreusedtothesimplelanguageofchopsticks.Simple,however,bynomeansstraightforward.Tome,thehumble(微不足道的)artofchopstickscarriesmorethananysilverknivesorforksevercould.Mygrandfather’slanguageofloveisteaching.Istillrememberhowmygrandfatherteachesmetousechopstickstheproperway.”Onlyyourfirsttwofingersshouldbemoving,”hetellsme,“andyourtwochopsticksmustnevercross.”Hecanusechopsticksskillfully.Heshowsmechopsticktricksandweplaygameswithchopsticks,liketryingtotakeapeafromtheother’schopsticksgrip.Withapairofchopsticksandhispowerfulhand,thereisnoneedforanyothercutlerywhenevennoodlescanbecutcleanwithapairofchopsticks.Mygrandmother’slanguageofloveisfood.Inherhand,woodenchopsticksarenolongerjustcutlery,butatooltoshowherconcern.“Come,eatmore,”shealwayssayswhileusingchopstickstopickupfoodforme.Whenmygrandfathercomeshomefromalongday’swork,despiteallthenaggingthatshegivestohim,mygrandmotheralwayshappilyplacesthebestpartoftheirfoodontohisplatewithchopsticks,andtakestherestforherself.Thereisnoneedforanywords,whenthelovecanbeexpressedwithapairofchopsticks.Usingchopstickstakespractice,patienceandtenacity.Aftermorethanfiftyyearsofmarriage,mygrandparentsarestillstudyingitandpracticingit,witheverymealandeverymouthful.Masteringthelovinglanguageofchopstickstakesevenmorework,perhapsnobodycaneverreallybeanexpert-butisn’tthatthebeautyofit?Thoughourchopsticksmaycrossfromtimeandwemightdropthefoodonthetable,wecanalwayspickitupandtryagain.4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofchopsticksaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs? A.Theyarenodifferentfromforks.B.Theycannotbeusedforfinedining.C.Theyarestraightforward.D.Theyareeasiertousethanknivesandforks.5.Theunderlinedword“tenacity”inparagraph5probablymeans“_______”.A.CourageB.faithC.perseveranceD.optimism6.Whatcouldbethebeststructureofthepassage?A.B.C.D.7.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttotellus?A.Theusageofchopsticks.B.Thedevelopmentofchopsticks.C.Themeaningcarriedbychopsticks.D.Theartofchopsticks.【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过作者祖父和祖母的故事来讲述筷子的含义。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Evenafteracoupleofformalmealsincollege,Istilldidn’tknowhowtobalanceapileofpeasonthebackofmyfork,whichisobviouslytheEuropeanstyle.(即使在大学里正式吃过几顿饭，我仍然不知道如何平衡叉子后面的一堆豌豆，这显然是欧洲人的风格)”和第二段的“Honestly,IthinkIammuchmoreusedtothesimplelanguageofchopsticks.(老实说，我觉得我更习惯简单的筷子语言)”推知，作者认为比起刀叉来，筷子更容易使用。故选D。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“Usingchopstickstakespractice,patience(使用筷子需要练习、耐 心)”和下文“Aftermorethanfiftyyearsofmarriage,mygrandparentsarestillstudyingitandpracticingit,witheverymealandeverymouthful.(结婚五十多年了，爷爷奶奶还在研究、练习，每一顿饭，每一口饭)”可知，作者的爷爷奶奶研究、练习使用筷子50多年了。由此可知，使用筷子需要练习、耐心和毅力。因此划线词tenacity意为“毅力”，与perseverance同义。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一二段引出话题——筷子承载着很多，第三段讲述祖父教作者使用筷子，第四段讲述祖母用筷子表达对家人关心，最后一段对全文进行总结。因此文章的结构是：一二段引出话题——三段分述——四段分述——五段总结。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Tome,thehumble(微不足道的)artofchopstickscarriesmorethananysilverknivesorforksevercould.(对我来说，筷子这一朴素的艺术比任何银刀叉都能承载更多的东西)”并结合第三段讲述祖父教作者使用筷子，第四段讲述祖母用筷子表达对家人关心可知，作者通过这篇文章告诉我们筷子的含义。故选C。CEngineershavelaunchedahugegarbagecollectiondevicetogatherplasticmaterialfloatinginthePacificOceanbetweenCaliforniaandHawaii.TheplasticmakesupwhatiscalledtheGreatPacificGarbagePatch.Itistheworld’slargestspreadofgarbage,attwicethesizeofthestateofTexas.TheorganizationOceanCleanupcreatedthecollectiondevice,whosefounderisBoyanSlat,a24-year-oldinventorfromtheNetherlands.Slatwasjust16yearsoldwhenhewasmovedtocleanuptheoceans.LastSaturday,ashippullingthepipe-shapedfloatingbarrierleftSanFranciscofortheGarbagePatch.Thebarrier,calledthefloater,is600metersacross.Attachedtoitisascreeningskirtthathangsthreemetersdowninthewater.Thescreenisdesignedtocollecttheplasticasitmovesthroughthewater.Seaanimalscansafelyswimunderthebarrier.Thecleanupsystemalsocomeswithlightspoweredbythesun,cameras,andotherspecialdevices.Sothesystemcancommunicateitspositionatalltimes.Thatwayasupportshipcanfinditeveryfewmonthstoremovetheplasticithascollected. “Thefree-floatingbarriersaremadetosurviveextremeweatherconditionsanddamagefromcontinueuse.Theywillstayinthewaterfortwentyyearsandinthattimecollect90percentofthegarbageinthepatch,”Slatadded.GeorgeLeonardisthechiefscientist.Heexpressedconcernaboutthecleaningproject.Hesaidevenifplasticgarbagecanbetakenoutoftheoceansmorecontinuestoenterthewatereachyear.Healsoraisedconcernthatanimalsmightbecapturedbythenethungbelowthesurface.But,BoyanSlatsaidhedidnotthinkthatwouldhappen.Thesystemwillactasa“bigboatthatstandsstillinthewater”,withnothingforseacreaturestogetcaughtin.8.Whywasascreenattachedtotheship?A.Togatherplastic.B.Tocatchseeanimals.C.Toprotectthefloater.D.Togivethefloaterpower.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph4referto?A.Thesupportship.B.Thefloatingbarrier.C.Theplastictoberecycled.D.Thepositionofspecialdevices.10.Whatisnottheadvantageofthecleanupsystem?A.It’seasytolocate.B.Itisnotaffectedbybadweather.C.Itcanlastandworkforalongtime.D.It’spopularwithpeople.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.AyounginventorfromNetherlands.B.TheGreatPacificGarbagePatch.C.Approachestoremovinggarbageinoceans.D.Ahugegarbagecollectiondevice.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述的是工程师们推出了一个巨大的垃圾收集装置，以收集漂浮在加利福尼亚和夏威夷之间的太平洋上的塑料材料，但是也有人提出这一装置仍然存在着一定的问题。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Thescreenisdesignedtocollecttheplasticasitmovesthroughthewater.(屏幕设计用于在塑料在水中移动时收集塑料)”可知，在船上配置屏幕是为了收集垃圾。故选A项。 【9题详解】词义猜测题。代词“it”一般指代说的是上文中的内容，根据第四段中的“Thebarrier,calledthefloater,is600metersacross.(屏障被称为漂浮物，宽600米)”可知，此处代词指代的是“thebarrier”。故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Sothesystemcancommunicateitspositionatalltimes.(因此，系统可以随时传达其位置)”可知，A项是这套清洁系统的优点；根据第七段中的“Thefree-floatingbarriersaremadetosurviveextremeweatherconditionsanddamagefromcontinueuse.Theywillstayinthewaterfortwentyyearsandinthattimecollect90percentofthegarbageinthepatch.(自由漂浮的护栏是为了在极端天气条件下生存，并避免继续使用造成的损坏。它们将在水中停留二十年，并在这段时间内收集这片区域90%的垃圾)”可知，B项和C项也是这套系统的优点。根据倒数第二段中的“Heexpressedconcernaboutthecleaningproject.(他对清洁项目表示担忧)”以及“Healsoraisedconcernthatanimalsmightbecapturedbythenethungbelowthesurface.(他还担心动物可能会被挂在水面下的网捕获)”可知，D项不是这套系统的优势。故选D项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据首段中的“EngineershavelaunchedahugegarbagecollectiondevicetogatherplasticmaterialfloatinginthePacificOceanbetweenCaliforniaandHawaii.(工程师们推出了一个巨大的垃圾收集装置，以收集漂浮在加利福尼亚和夏威夷之间的太平洋上的塑料)”可知，本文介绍的是一套垃圾收集装置。D项“一个巨大的垃圾收集装置”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选D项。DImaginethis:You’reatamovietheaterfoodstandloadinguponsnacks.Youhaveachoiceofasmall,mediumorlargesoda.Thesmallis$3.50andthelargeis$5.50.It’satoughdecision:Thesmallsizemaynotlastyouthroughthewholemovie,but$5.50forsomesugarydrinkseemsridiculous.Butthere’sathirdoption,amediumsodafor$5.25.Themediummightbejustrightforyou,butthelargeonlycostaquartermore.Ifyou’relikethemajorityofpeople,youendupbuyingthelarge.Ifyou’rewonderingwhowouldpurchasethemediumsoda,theanswerisalmostnoone.Actually,there’sagoodchancethatthemarketingdepartmentpurposelypricedthemediumsodaasadecoy(诱饵),makingyoumorelikelytobuythesodaratherthanthesmall.IhavewrittenaboutthisuniquehumannaturepreviouslywithmyfriendDanAriely,who,after noticingpricingforsubscription(订阅)toTheEconomist,studiedthisphenomenonextensively.Thedigitalsubscriptionwas$59,theprintsubscriptionwas$125,andtheprintplusdigitalsubscriptionwasalso$125.Nooneintheirrightmindwouldbuytheprintsubscriptionwhenyoucouldgetdigitalaswellforthesameprice,sowhywasitevenanoption?Arielyrananexperimentandfoundthatwhenonlythetwo“real”choiceswereoffered,morepeoplechosetheless-expensivedigitalsubscription.However,thebadoptionincreasedpeople’slikelihoodofselectingtheexpensiveprintplusdigitaloption.Brainscientistscallthiseffect“asymmetricdominance”anditmeansthatpeopleareattractedtotheoptionthatisclosesttoanobviouslyinferior(较差的)option.Marketingprofessorscallitthedecoyeffect,whichiscertainlyeasiertoremember.Itworksbecauseofthewayourbrainassignvaluewhenmakingchoices.Valueisrarelyabsolute;rather,wedecideanobject’svaluerelativetootherchoices.Ifmoreoptionsareintroduced,thevalueequation(方程)changes.12.What’sthefunctionoftheexampleinparagraph1?A.Toofferbackgroundinformation.B.Toexplainaneconomicalphenomenon.C.Toarousethereaders’interestinthetopic.D.Toillustratearulewhenbuyingdrinks.13.WhatdowelearnfromDanAriely’sexperiment?A.TheEconomist’sprinteditionturnsouttosellthebest.B.Morereaderschoosethedigitalovertheprintedition.C.Lower-pricedgoodsattractmorecustomers.D.TheEconomist’spromotionalstrategyworks.14.Fromwhichwebsitewouldyoumostprobablyfindthistext?A.https://www.lifestyle.com/healthB.https://www.science.com/localC.https://www.consumers.com/moneyD.https://www.education.com/science15.Howdoweassessthevalueofaproductaccordingtothepassage?A.byconsideringitsusefulness.B.Comparingitwithotherchoices.C.Byexaminingitsvalueequation.D.Bytakingitslowqualityintoaccount.【答案】12.C13.D14.C15.B【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。本文阐述的是一种诱饵效应：当我们在做出选择时，受大脑分配价值方式的影响，在有更多选择的时候，我们会被最接近劣势的选项所吸引。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章首段中的“Picturethis:You’reatamovietheaterfoodstandloadinguponsnacks.Youhaveachoiceofasmall,mediumorlargesoda.Thesmallis$3.50andthelargeis$5.50.(想象一下：你在电影院的食品摊上装满零食。你可以选择小杯，中杯或大杯苏打水。小的是3.50美元，大是5.50美元。)”；最后一句“Ifyou’relikemostpeople,youendupbuyingthelarge.(如果你像大部分人的话，你最终会买大杯。)”以及下文对诱饵效应的介绍可知，通过具体的事例，将读者引入文章讲述的话题，所以首段的作用就是引起读者的兴趣。故选C项。13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Arielyrananexperimentandfoundthatwhenonlythetwo“real”choiceswereoffered,morepeoplechosetheless-expensivedigitalsubscription.However,thebadoptionincreasedpeople’slikelihoodofselectingtheexpensiveprintplusdigitaloption.(Ariely进行了一项实验，发现当只提供两种“真实”选择时，更多的人选择更便宜的数字订阅。然而，糟糕的选择增加了人们选择昂贵的印刷加数字选项的可能性。)”可知，实验结果表明，这种促销的方式应该是见效的。故选D项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章首段的具体实例讲述的是消费者在面对消费选择时的最终选择结果，以及DanAriely所做的实验内容和最后一段中的“Marketingprofessorscallitthedecoyeffect,whichiscertainlyeasiertoremember.(营销学教授称之为诱饵效应，这当然更容易记住。)”可知，文章所涉及的信息都与消费者的消费选择和市场营销策略有关系，由此可推断，文章很有可能出现在与消费者相关的网站。故选C项。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“However,thebadoptionincreasedpeople’slikelihoodofselectingtheexpensiveprintplusdigitaloption.(然而，糟糕的选择增加了人们选择昂贵的印刷加数字选项的可能性。)”和最后一段中的“Valueisrarelyabsolute;rather,wedecideanobject’svaluerelativetootherchoices.Ifmoreoptionsareintroduced,thevalueequation(方程)changes.(价值很少是绝对的；相反，我们决定一个对象相对于其他选择的值。如果引入更多选项，则值方程会发生变化。)”可知，我们在购买一件商品时，总会经过对比，选择自己认为最好的选项。故选B项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Yourealizeyourtypicallynoisyandenergetickidhasstoppedbouncingaround,hasn’tmovedfromthecouchformorethananhourandisn’thungry.Whenyougocheckonthem,youdiscoverthey’reburningup.Uh-oh,afever.___16___ButasDr.NatashaColliaremindsus,“feverisnotnecessarilyabadthing.Feverissimplyyourbody’swayofalertingyouit’sfightinganinfection.”HereisCollia’sadviceonhowtomanagerisingtemperaturesinyourhousehold.___17___?Touchingyourchild’sskinisnotareliablewaytocheckforfever.Toconfirmafever,you’llneedtotakeyourchild’stemperature.Anytemperatureof38℃(100.4°F)orhigherisafever.HowcanIkeepmychildcomfortablewhenthey’rerunningafever?Youcanhelpkeepyourchildcoolbyremovingthickclothes,applyingalukewarmcloth,orgivingthemlukewarmbaths.Placeafaninwheretheyaresleepingorresting.___18___Youcanalsomanageyourchild’sfeverwithanover-the-counter(OTC)medicine,likeacetaminophenoribuprofenmedication(退热药).Thekeythingtounderstandaboutacetaminophenoribuprofenisthatwhiletheycanmakeyourchildmorecomfortable,theydon’ttreattheunderlyingcauseofthefever.HowlongshouldIkeepmychildonOTCfevermeds?Somethingforparentstokeepinmindisthatafeveractuallyhelpswiththeprogressoftheillness.Thefeverhelpsthebodyfightaninfectiousprocessbyloweringtheamountofvirus.___19___,youshouldn’tkeepthefeverfromrising.___20___Whenachildisonafever-reducingmedication24/7,it’shardforustounderstandthefevercurve.Asaphysician,Iwon’tknowifgoingdownorifthemedicineismakingitgodown.A.HowdoItakemychild’stemperatureB.Additionally,ensurethatyourchilddrinkenoughwaterC.HowdoIknowifmychildhasafeverD.AlthoughyourchildmaybeuncomfortableE.Whenyourchild’stemperaturereaches38.6℃F.Fever-reducingmedicineshouldnotbegiventoyourchildcontinuouslyforlongperiodsoftime G.Thisismorelikelytooccurasthecoldandfluseasonapproaches【答案】16.G17.C18.B19.D20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在家中如何应对孩子发烧的情况。【16题详解】上文“Whenyougocheckonthem,youdiscoverthey’reburningup.Uh-oh,afever.(当你去检查他们时，你发现他们正在发热。啊哦，发烧了)”说明检查后发现孩子们发烧了，G项中This指代“发烧”这种情况，G项“随着寒冷和流感季节的临近，这种情况更有可能发生”承接上文，符合题意。故选G。【17题详解】下文“Toconfirmafever,you’llneedtotakeyourchild’stemperature.Anytemperatureof38℃(100.4°F)orhigherisafever.(要确认发烧，您需要测量孩子的体温。任何38℃（100.4°F）或更高的温度都是发烧)”说明需要用测量孩子体温的这种方式来确认发烧，C项“我怎么知道我的孩子是否发烧”提出问题，引出下文，符合题意。故选C。【18题详解】上文“Youcanhelpkeepyourchildcoolbyremovingthickclothes,applyingalukewarmcloth,orgivingthemlukewarmbaths.(你可以通过脱掉厚衣服，敷上温热的布，或给孩子洗温水澡来帮助孩子保持凉爽)”说明了让孩子感觉舒服的方式，B项“此外，确保您的孩子喝足够的水”承接上文，继续介绍让孩子感觉舒服的方式，符合题意。故选B。【19题详解】上文“Thefeverhelpsthebodyfightaninfectiousprocessbyloweringtheamountofvirus.(发烧通过降低病毒的数量帮助身体对抗传染过程)”说明发烧对人的身体是有益处的，以及下文“youshouldn’tkeepthefeverfromrising.(你不应该阻止温度上升)”说明你不应该阻止体温上升，D项“尽管你的孩子可能不舒服”与下文构成转折关系，符合题意。故选D。【20题详解】下文“Whenachildisonafever-reducingmedication24/7,it’shardforustounderstandthefevercurve.(当孩子全天候服用退烧药物时，我们很难理解体温变化曲线)”说明全天候服用退烧药不利于我们掌握孩子的体温变化，F项“不要长时间连续给孩子服用退烧药”引出下文，符合题意。故选F。 第三部分:语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Angeristhemostdestructive(破坏性的)emotion.Whenyouare___21___,youmakehurrieddecisionsthatyouwillprobablyregret.Youwillalsoregretcarelesslanguage___22___withoutthought.Whatcanbedonetocontrolangerandpreventitruiningourlives?Herearefivewaysthatyoucanfightthecauseofanger.Firstly,youneedtochangeyourattitudetothewaytheworld___23___.Youhavetoadmitthatsometimesthingsdogowrongandthatpeoplearealwayslovely.Tryto___24___that___25___peopledobehaveinwaysthatwillmakeyoubothfrustratedandangry.Secondly,don’tregardangerasabademotion.Thereareoccasions___26___angercanbedirectedinsuchawayastoachievegreatthings.Thirdly,itisbeneficialtostoptryingtomanageyouranger.Agoodwayof___27___angeristoidentify(识别)therootcause.Taking___28___stepstowardssolvingtheunderlying(根本的)problemwillhelpyouovercomefeelingsofanger.Fourthly,reactingangrilyisahardhabittobreak.Butitisahabit,andhabitscanbe___29___.Youneedtolearnnottorespondatall.Thisway,yourangerwillnotgettheemotional___30___itneedstosurvive.Fifthly,don’ttaketheeasywaywhenyougetangry.Youmightsayyoufeelbetterafteranangryoutburst,___31___thatisjusttheafter-effectoftheadrenalin(肾上腺素)yourbodyreleasedwhileyouwereangry.Ifso,itismuchhardertostaycalm,towalkawayfromconflict(冲突),ortotakeadeepbreathandact___32___.That,however,is___33___youmustdoifyouaretostopangerfrombecomingyourmaster.___34___,youmustrecognizethatangeris___35___youcancontrol.Makechangestoyourlifestyleandattitudes,andyouwillfindthatyouwillturnangrymuchlessoften,ifatall.21.A.sadB.happyC.angryD.surprised22.A.writtenB.spokenC.readD.heard23.A.hasworkedB.isworkingC.willworkD.works24.A.acceptB.receiveC.takeD.refuse25.A.anotherB.othersC.otherD.theother26.A.whereB.thatC.howD.when27.A.facingwithB.facinguptoC.lookinguptoD.looking forwardto28.A.positiveB.negativeC.pessimisticD.passive29.A.keptB.developedC.formedD.broken30.A.drinksB.clothesC.foodD.water31.A.becauseB.butC.andD.so32.A.normallyB.effectivelyC.slightlyD.seriously33.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who34.A.AboveallB.InconclusionC.TobeginwithD.What’smore35.A.anythingB.nothingC.everythingD.something【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.A25.C26.D27.B28.A29.D30.C31.B32.A33.C34.B35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了生气是人的情绪中最有破坏性的一种，并对此提出了解决方法，从而让生活不留下遗憾。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你生气时，你会匆忙做出可能让你后悔的决定。A.sad悲伤的；B.happy快乐的；C.angry生气的；D.surprised惊讶的。根据上文“Angeristhemostdestructiveemotion.”可知，此处表示当你生气时，你会做出可能让你后悔的决定。故选C项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你也会后悔没有经过思考就说出了淡漠的语言。A.written写；B.spoken说；C.read读；D.heard听见。根据上文“Youwillalsoregretcarelesslanguage”可知，此处表示后悔说出淡漠的语言。故选B项。【23题详解】考查动词时态。句意：首先，你需要改变你对世界运作方式的态度。A.hasworked已经工作；B.isworking正在工作；C.willwork将工作；D.works工作。根据句中need可知，句子描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时，且主语是theworld，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式works。故选D项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：努力接受其他人的确会使你感觉沮丧和愤怒的方式表现。A.accept 接受；B.receive收到；C.take取走；D.refuse拒绝。根据上文“Youhavetoadmitthatsometimesthingsdogowrong”以及下文“peopledobehaveinwaysthatwillmakeyoubothfrustratedandangry.”可知，此处表示努力接受其他人让你感觉沮丧和愤怒的行为方式。故选A项。【25题详解】考查代词和形容词词义辨析。句意：努力接受其他人的确会使你感觉沮丧和愤怒的方式表现。A.another另一个；B.others其他人；C.other其他的；D.theother两者中的另一个。根据上文“Youhavetoadmitthatsometimesthingsdogowrongandthatpeoplearealwayslovely.”可知，你要承认人们总是很可爱，此处表示接受其他人的行为，otherpeople表示“其他人”。故选C项。【26题详解】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：有些时候，愤怒可以通过这样的方式来引导实现伟大的事情。分析句子结构，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词occasions，结合语意，先行词occasions意为“时机”，表示时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用when引导从句。故选D项。27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：直面愤怒的一个好方法是找出根本原因。A.facingwith面临；B.facingupto直面；C.lookingupto尊重；D.lookingforwardto期待。根据下文“toidentifytherootcause”可知，此处表示找出根本原因，直面愤怒。故选B项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：采取积极措施解决潜在问题将帮助你克服愤怒情绪。A.positive积极的；B.negative消极的；C.pessimistic悲观的；D.passive消极的，被动的。根据下文“stepstowardssolvingtheunderlyingproblemwillhelpyouovercomefeelingsofanger.”以及常识可知，采取积极措施解决潜在问题会有帮助。故选A项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但它是一种习惯，习惯是可以打破的。A.kept保留；B.developed发展；C.formed形成；D.broken打破。根据上文“Fourthly,reactingangrilyisahardhabittobreak.”以及语境可知，此处表示习惯是可以被打破的。故选D项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这样，你的愤怒就不会得到生存所需的情感食物。A.drinks饮料；B.clothes衣服；C.food食物；D.water水。根据下文“itneedstosurvive”可知，愤怒得不到生存所需的“食物”。故选C项。 【31题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：你可能会说你在生气爆发后感觉更好，但这只是你生气时身体释放的肾上腺素的后遗症。A.because因为；B.but但是；C.and和；D.so所以。结合语意，句子前后表示转折关系，空处应用连词but，表示“但是”。故选B项。【32题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果是这样的话，保持冷静、远离冲突或深呼吸并正常行动就变得更加困难。A.normally正常地；B.effectively有效地；C.slightly轻微地；D.seriously认真地。根据上文“tostaycalm,towalkawayfromconflict,ortotakeadeepbreath”以及语境可知，此处表示正常地行动。故选A项。【33题详解】考查表语从句。句意：然而，如果你想阻止愤怒成为你的主人，这是你必须做到的。A.that（无意义）；B.which哪一个；C.what什么；D.who谁。分析句子结构，空处引导表语从句，连接词在从句中作do的宾语，指代事情，应用what引导从句。故选C项。【34题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：总之，你必须意识到愤怒是你可以控制的东西。A.Aboveall首先，最重要的是；B.Inconclusion总之；C.Tobeginwith首先；D.What’smore而且，另外。根据下文“youmustrecognizethatangeris___15___youcancontrol.Makechangestoyourlifestyleandattitudes,andyouwillfindthatyouwillturnangrymuchlessoften,ifatall.”可知，此处进行总结，你要意识到愤怒是你可以控制的，应用短语inconclusion，表示“总之”。故选B项。【35题详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：总之，你必须意识到愤怒是你可以控制的东西。A.anything任何事物；B.nothing没有什么；C.everything每件事；D.something某物。根据下文“youcancontrol”可知，此处表示愤怒是你可以控制的某物，且句子为肯定句，空处应用something。故选D项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式。YangLiu,25,whowasbornandraisedinZunyi,Guizhou,hadmanydreamsasachild.Whiledevelopingdifferentinterests,Yanggrewuppracticingduzhupiao,or“bamboo-drifting,”_____36_____skillwhichoriginatedintheChishuiRiverareainGuizhouProvincealongtimeago.Thisinvolvesnavigatingwaterwaysstandingonabambooraft.However, shedidn’texpectitwouldbecomealifelongdreamforher_____37_____(pursue).WhenYangwasabout4yearsold,hergrandmotherhelpedherlearnswimmingfirst,___38___(hope)Yangwouldstayhealthythroughthephysicalactivity.WhenYangwas7,shetriedbamboo-raftingforthefirsttime.WhenYangturned10,____39____(repeat)lostherbalanceonthebambooraftsandfellintheriver.Asagood____40____(swim),shewasnotscaredbutfound___41___entertaining.“IcanstillrememberthemomentwhenIsuccessfullydriftedontheriverforthefirsttime.Iwassoexcited___42___Ididn’twanttostop,”recallsYang.In2018,sheshoweddriftingwiththehelpofbamboopolestotouristsatascenicspotinZunyi.Oneday,shepostedherfirstshortvideoonsocialmedia.Thevideo,___43___showedtheyoungwoman’scontrolandbalance,___44___(amaze)viewers.Thevideowentviralandgainedover1millionviews.Sincethen,Yanghasbeensharinghershortvideosofdriftingbybambooonline.Thishaswonheralargefanbaseabroad,____45____followerscallingher“Kungfumasteronwater”or“dancingfairyonwater.”【答案】36.a37.topursue38.hoping39.repeatedly40.swimmer41.it42.that43.which44.amazed45.with【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了今年25岁的杨柳，是贵州省遵义市人，从7岁开始练习独竹漂技艺，如今她能站在一根漂浮的竹竿上，不需要任何防护措施，表演各种舞蹈动作。通过她的短视频，更多人看到了独竹漂的优美，感受到了中华传统文化的韵味。【36题详解】考查不定冠词。句意：在发展不同兴趣的同时，杨在练习“独竹漂”（duzhupiao）的过程中长大，这是一项很久以前起源于贵州赤水河地区的技能。分析可知，“___1___skill”为之前名词“duzhupiao,or‘bamboo-drifting’”的同位语，独竹漂是一种技艺，“skill”为可数名词，此处填不定冠词作为限定词。故填a。 【37题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：然而，她没想到这会成为她毕生追求的梦想。分析可知，“__2__(pursue)”为之前“alifelongdream”的后置定语，用动词不定式表达。故填topursue。【38题详解】考查非谓语。句意：杨大约4岁的时候，她的奶奶先帮她学游泳，希望杨能通过体育运动保持健康。分析可知，“__3__(hope)Yangwouldstayhealthythroughthephysicalactivity”为目的状语，动词“hope”与主语“hergrandmother”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填hoping。【39题详解】考查副词。句意：10岁时，她多次在竹筏上失去平衡，掉进河里。分析可知，副词作状语修饰动作“lostherbalance”。“repeat”，动词，意为“重复”，其副词形式为“repeatedly(反复地，再三地)”。故填repeatedly。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：作为一个游泳好手，她并不害怕，反而觉得很有趣。分析可知，“a”为不定冠词，“good”为形容词作定语，所填应是名词。“swim”，动词，意为“游泳”，其名词形式为“swimmer(游泳者)”。故填swimmer。【41题详解】考查不定代词。句意：作为一个游泳好手，她并不害怕，反而觉得很有趣。分析可知，“find”后缺少宾语，结合语境可知，宾语应是指前文“WhenYangturned10,____4____(repeat)lostherbalanceonthebambooraftsandfellintheriver.(10岁时，她多次在竹筏上失去平衡，掉进河里。)”这件事，“it”作不定代词时，可指代前文提及的某事，符合语境。故填it。【42题详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：“……我太兴奋了，以至于我不想停下来，”杨回忆道。分析可知，“so…that…”，“如此……以至于……”。故填that。【43题详解】考查非限制性定语从句引导词。句意：这段视频显示了年轻女子的控制能力和平衡能力，令观众大为惊讶。分析可知，“___8___showedtheyoungwoman’scontrolandbalance”为之前名词“Thevideo”的非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。【44题详解】 考查时态。句意：这段视频显示了年轻女子的控制能力和平衡能力，令观众大为惊讶。分析可知，所填动词为谓语动词，结合前文“Oneday,shepostedherfirstshortvideoonsocialmedia.(有一天，她在社交媒体上发布了自己的第一个短视频。)”语境可知，应是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填amazed。【45题详解】考查with复合结构。句意：这为她在国外赢得了大量粉丝，粉丝们称她为“水上功夫大师”或“水上舞蹈仙女”分析可知，“______followerscallingher…”为伴随状语，用with复合结构“with+名词+v-ing”表达。故填with。第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter对中国文化非常感兴趣，你们学校将举办“中国文化节”活动，请写一封信邀请他来参加。内容包括：1.活动时间，地点；2.活动目的，内容；3.期待参加。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；开头和人结尾已给出，不计入总词数；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearPeter,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearPeter,Knowingthatyou’rekeenonChineseculture,I’mwritingtoinviteyoutoparticipateintheChineseCulturalFestivaltobeheldinourschoolauditoriumnextSunday.Aimedtopromoteculturalawarenessandenhancemutualunderstanding,thefestivalwillinclude awidevarietyofactivitiesrangingfrompaper-cutting,kungfutoChinesecalligraphy.Inaddition,participantswillbewelcometowatchHunanOperaperformedbytheOperaClub.IhopethattheeventwillbeofinteresttoyouandIlookforwardtoyourparticipation.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给美国朋友Peter写一封信，邀请他来参加学校将举办的“中国文化节”活动。【详解】1.词汇积累各种各样的：awidevarietyof→various此外：inaddition→what’smore参加：participatein→takepartin对……感兴趣：bekeenon→beinterestedin2.句式拓展同义句转换原句：Knowingthatyou’rekeenonChineseculture,I’mwritingtoinviteyoutoparticipateintheChineseCulturalFestivaltobeheldinourschoolauditoriumnextSunday.拓展句：Knowingthatyou’rekeenonChineseculture,I’mwritingtoinviteyoutoparticipateintheChineseCulturalFestival,whichwillbeheldinourschoolauditoriumnextSunday.【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowingthatyou’rekeenonChineseculture,I’mwritingtoinviteyoutoparticipateintheChineseCulturalFestivaltobeheldinourschoolauditoriumnextSunday.（运用了现在分词短语作状语和不定式作后置定语）【高分句型2】IhopethattheeventwillbeofinteresttoyouandIlookforwardtoyourparticipation.（运用了and连接的并列句以及that引导的宾语从句）第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ThatcoldJanuarynight,IwasgrowingsickofmylifeinSanFrancisco.ThereIwas,walkinghomeatoneinthemorningafteratiringpracticeatthetheater.Withopeningnightonlyaweekaway,Iwasstilllearningmylines.Iwashavingtroubledealingwithmypart-timejobatthebankandmyactingatnightatthesametime.AsIwalked,IthoughtseriouslyaboutgivingupbothactingandSan Francisco.Citylifehadbecometoomuchforme.AsIwalkeddownemptystreetsundertallbuildings,Ifeltverysmallandcold.Ibeganrunning,bothtokeepwarmandtokeepawayanypossiblerobbers(抢劫犯).Veryfewpeoplewerestilloutexceptafewsad-lookinghomelesspeopleunderblankets.Aboutablockfrommyapartment,Iheardasoundbehindme.Iturnedquickly,halfexpectingtoseesomeonewithaknifeoragun.Thestreetwasempty.AllIsawwasashiningstreetlight.Still,thenoisehadmademenervous,soIstartedtorunfaster.NotuntilIreachedmyapartmentbuildingandunlockedthedoordidIrealizewhatthenoisehadbeen.Ithadbeenmywalletfallingtothesidewalk.SuddenlyIwasn’tcoldortiredanymore.IranoutofthedoorandbacktowhereI’dheardthenoise.AlthoughIsearchedthesidewalkanxiouslyforfifteenminutes,mywalletwasnowheretobefound.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。JustasIwasabouttogiveupthesearch,Iheardthegarbagetruck(垃圾车)pulluptothesidewalknexttome.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Itwasnearly3a.m.bythetimeIgottobed.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Onepossibleversion:JustasIwasabouttogiveupthesearch,Iheardthegarbagetruck(垃圾车)pulluptothesidewalknexttome.Iheardamancallmynamefromthetruck.Itwassurprising!Whenthevoicecalledme fromtheinsideofthetruck,IthoughtIwasdreaming.Howcouldthismanknowmyname?Thedooropened,andasmallred-hairedmanjumpedout.Hehadanamusedlookinhiseyes,“Isthiswhatyouarelookingfor?”heasked,holdingupmywallet.Ireallycouldn’tbelievemyeyesatthemoment.Yes,sir!Itwasmywallet.Joywelledupinsidemewhenthemanhandedmywallettome.Itwasnearly3a.m.bythetimeIgottobed.ButIcouldn’tfallasleeprightaway.WhileIwouldn’tgetmuchsleepthatnight,Ihadgotmywalletback.Ialsogotsomethingvaluable—Irealizedthatthecitycouldn’tbeabadplaceaslongaspeoplewerewillingtohelpeachother.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，文章讲述的是作者在一天的工作之后，感到对这个城市，对生活的对工作都失去了兴趣的时候，因为得到了别人的帮助，又重新燃起了对这个城市生活的喜爱之情。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“就在我要放弃的时候，我听到旁边的人行道上停了一辆垃圾车。”可知，下文可描写垃圾车上的人把钱包还给作者。②由第二段首句内容“我上床睡觉时已经快凌晨3点了”可知，下文可描写作者睡意全无，回想发生的事情，以及感悟。2.续写线索：即将放弃时出现垃圾车——有人叫作者的名字——还钱包——高兴——回家已经半夜——回想及感悟3.词类激活行为类①寻找：lookingfor/searchingfor②得到，获得：got/gained③递给我钱包：handedmywallettome/gavemywallettome④拿回，取回：gotback/takeback/bringback情绪类①令人惊讶：surprising/amazing/astonishing②好笑的，逗乐的：amused/entertained/funny 【点睛】[高分句型1]Whenthevoicecalledmefromtheinsideofthetruck,IthoughtIwasdreaming.（句中when引导时间状语从句）[高分句型2]Isthiswhatyouarelookingfor?（句中使用what引导的表语从句）[高分句型3]Irealizedthatthecitycouldn’tbeabadplaceaslongaspeoplewerewillingtohelpeachother.（句中使用that引导宾语从句和aslongas引导的条件状语从句）