2021-2022学年高一英语上学期期末考试试卷（Word版附解析）

湖南师大附中2021-2022学年度高一第一学期期末考试英语时量：120分钟满分：150分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt？A．£19.15．B．£9.18．C．£9.15．答案是C。1．Wherearethespeakersprobably？A．Inthestreet．B．Inabookstore．C．Inarestaurant．2．Whowillgoabroadnextmonth？A．Lucy．B．Mary．C．Jane．3．Whatdoweknowabouttheman？A．Hemightbefired．B．Hegotapromotion．C．Hegotanewjob．4．Whattimeisitnow？A．2:30．B．3:00．C．3:30．5．Whatisthemandoing？A．Knockingatthedoor．B．Turningonthelight．C．Lookingforthekey．第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whydoesthewomancalltheman？A．Toarrangeameeting． B．Toinvitehimtoherparty．C．Toaskhimtomeetacustomer．7．Whereistheman’sfactory？A．InLondon．B．InLeeds．C．InBath．听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．Whatwasthemanprobablydoingwhenthewomancalled？A．Watchingagame．B．Doingsomecleaning．C．Visitingamuseum．9．Whendoestheman’swifeworkatthemuseum？A．Onweekends．B．Onweekdaymornings．C．Onweekdayafternoons．10．Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthegame？A．Wonderful．B．Justso-so．C．Disappointing．听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11．Whenisparkingallowedaccordingtothesign？A．From7:00a．m．to8:00a．m．B．From9:00a．m．to6:00p．m．C．From5:00p．m．to6:00p．m．12．Whyisthewomanworried？A．Herdrivinglicensewillbecancelled．B．Hercarwillbepulledaway．C．Herinsurancewillberaised．13．Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando？A．Protesttheticket．B．Callthepoliceofficer．C．Throwawaytheticket．听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14．Whattimewillthematchbeheld？A．At1:45p．m．B．At2:00p．m．C．At2:45p．m．15．Howmanymembersdoestheclubhave？A．12．В．20．C．49．16．WhatisMichael？A．Aplayer．B．Asoldier．C．Acoach． 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．Onwhatdayisthestreetdanceclass？A．Monday．B．Tuesday．C．Wednesday．18．WhowillteachtheLatindanceclass？A．AngelaStevenson．B．JanineDavis．C．Andrew．19．HowmuchdoestheLatindanceclasscostperhour？A．$7.5．B．$10.5．C．$11．20．Whichclassisforearlyrisers？A．Thestreetdance．B．TheLatindance．C．Thefolkdance．第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASimilarholidaysarecelebratedinmanypartsoftheworld.Herearefourfamousfestivals!Carnival（狂欢节）Brazil’smostpopularandfestiveholidayisCarnival.Infact,manypeopleconsiderCarnivalasoneoftheworld’sbiggestcelebrations.Eachspring,ontheSaturdaybeforeAshWednesday,thestreetsofBrazil’slargestcity,RiodeJaneiro,comealivewithwildparties,festivalsandthrillingballs.AndtheSambaSchoolParadeisthehighlightofthefour-dayevent.About3,000performers,wearingcolorfulcostumeswithfeathers,beadsandthousandsofgoldcoins,dancedowntheparaderoute.Judgesawardaprizetothemostbrilliantgroupofdancers.CocukBayramiEachApril23,TurkeycelebratesCocukBayrami,orChildren’sDay.TurkishleaderMustafaKemalAtatürkdeclaredtheholidayin1920,asTurkeywasbecominganindependentnationafterthefalloftheOttomanEmpire,tosymbolizechildrenwerethefutureofthenewnation.ChildrenalloverTurkeydressupinspecialcostumesorthenationalcostumesforCocukBayrami.Manychildrenperforminplaysormusicals.ThecenterpieceofCocukBayramitakesplaceinTurkey’scapital,Ankara,wherechildrenfromaroundtheworldsinganddanceinaspectacularpageant（盛大庆典）.DayoftheDeadDayoftheDeadiscelebratedonNovemberlinMexico,Ecuador,GuatemalaandotherpartsofCentralandSouthAmerica.Familiesgathertopraytothesoulsofdeadrelatives,askingthemtoreturnforjustonenight.Peopledecoratealtars（祭坛）intheirhomesandgravesiteswithfood,candles,candyskullsandmarigoldsto welcomethesoulsbacktoearth.Skeletonsaredisplayedthroughoutcities,andpeopledressedasskeletonsparadethroughthestreets.DayoftheDeadsoundslikeaterrifyingevent,butit’satimetocelebrateandrememberthelivesofdeadfamilymembers.Diwali（排灯节）Diwali,theHindufestivaloflights,isthebestknownofHinducelebrationsandcertainlythebrightest.ItiscelebratedonNewmoondayofKartika,althoughthecelebrationsbegintwodaysbeforethatdateandendtwodaysafterthatdate.Inthedarkestskiesofautumn,lightsbrightenhomesthroughoutIndia—asignofwelcometothegodsRamaandLakshmi.Familiesgettogetherandcelebratewithgiftsandfeasts.Manyfamiliesdecoratetheirhomeswithflowersanddrawacolorfulrangoli,apatternmadeinriceflour,attheentranceofthehome.1.Fromwhichfestivalcanpeoplebeawarded?A.Carnival.B.CocukBayrami.C.DayoftheDead.D.Diwali.2.WhichfestivaliscelebratedinSouthAsia?A.Carnival.B.CocukBayrami.C.DayoftheDead.D.Diwali.3.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Brazil’sCarnivalcanbeyearlycelebratedforawholeweekinspring.B.ChildreninTurkeycelebrateCocukBayramiastheirChildren’sDay.C.DayoftheDeadistorememberthelivesofdeadfamilymembersinNorthAmerica.D.DuringDiwaliFestivalfamiliesgatherandcelebratewithgiftsandfeastsforfourdays.【答案】1.A2.D3.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个著名的节日。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Carnival部分“Judgesawardaprizetothemostbrilliantgroupofdancers.”（评委会将奖项颁发给最杰出的舞者。）可知，在狂欢节，表演最精彩的舞者会获得奖励。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Diwali部分“Diwali，theHindufestivaloflights，isthebestknownofHinducelebrationsandcertainlythebrightest.”（排灯节，印度教的灯节，是印度教最著名的庆祝活动，当然也是最明亮的。）可知，南亚国家印度庆祝排灯节。故选D项。【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据CocukBayrami部分“EachApril23,TurkeycelebratesCocukBayrami,orChildren’sDay.TurkishleaderMustafaKemalAtatürkdeclaredtheholidayin1920,asTurkeywasbecominganindependentnationafterthefalloftheOttomanEmpire,tosymbolizechildrenwerethefutureofthenewnation.”（每年4月23日，土耳其庆祝儿童节。土耳其领导人穆斯塔法·凯末尔·阿塔图尔克于1920年宣布这一节日，因为土耳其在奥斯曼帝国倒台后成为一个独立的国家，象征着儿童是这个新国家的未来。）可知，土耳其的孩子们将CocukBayrami作为儿童节庆祝。故选B项。BKatherineJohnsonwasthemostrecognizedoftheAfricanAmerican“humancomputers”,andshewasaNASAfemalemathematicianwhocalculated(计算)trajectoriesforearlyspaceflights-fromthe1930suntilthe1980s.Bornin1918,inthelittletownofWhiteSulphurSprings,WestVirginia,KatherineJohnsonwassimplyattractedbynumbers.Asachild,shecountedeverything.Shecountedthestepsontheroad,thestepsuptoschool,thenumberofdishesshewashed.Bythetimeshewas10yearsold,shehadbeenahighschoolfreshman,whichwastrulyamazinginatimewhenschoolforAfrican-Americansnormallystoppedateighthgrade.Torealizehermathpotential,herfatherdrovehisfamily120milestoInstitute,WestVirginia,whereblackscouldcontinuehighschooleducation.Katherine’sexcellentperformanceprovedherfather’sdecisionwastherightone：TeachersallowedKatherinetoskipseveralgradestograduatefromhighschoolat14andfromcollegeat18,majoringinmathematics,asthetopstudentofthehistoricallyblackWestVirginiaStateCollegeinInstitute.In1953,afteryearsasateacherandlaterasastay-at-homemom,shebeganworkingforNASA,whichbeganhiringwomentomeasureandcalculatetheresultsofwindtunneltestsin1935.Inatimebeforetheelectroniccomputers,thesewomenwerecalled“computer”.EvenafterNASAbeganusingelectroniccomputers,theastronautJohnGlennrequestedthatsheshouldpersonallyrecheckthecalculationsmadebythenewelectroniccomputersbeforehisflight.ShecontinuedtoworkatNASAuntilherretirementin1986.HercalculationsprovedimportanttothesuccessoftheApollolunarlandingprogramandtheUnitedStatesjourneyintospace.Herstorywasthebasisforthe2016filmHiddenFigures.KatherineJohnson,agreatmathematician,physicist,spacescientistandthelast“computer”whoworeskirts,passedawayonFebruary24,2020.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutKatherinefromparagraph2?A.Sheleftschoolateighthgrade.B.Sheskippedgradesincollege.C.Shewenttohighschoolat14.D.Shewasgiftedinmathasachild. 5.HowlongdidKatherineworkatNASA?A.For18years.B.For33years.C.For51years.D.For67years.6.WhywasKatherinecalled“computer”inNASA?A.Sheplayedtheroleofacomputer.B.Shecalculatedasfastascomputers.C.Shewasinchargeofthecomputers.D.Shewasskilledinoperatingcomputers.7.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.FemalescientistsatNASAB.Agreatfemalemathematician’sdecisionC.KatherineJohnson,acomputerwhoworeskirtsD.KatherineJohnson’sgreateducationalbackground【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了KatheriineJohnson凭借自己的数学头脑为NASA作出重要贡献的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Asachild,shecountedeverything.”（小时候，她什么都数）以及“Torealizehermathpotential，herfatherdrovehisfamily120milestoInstitute,WestVirginia,whereblackscouldcontinuehighschooleducation.”（为了实现她的数学潜能，她的父亲开车120英里带着家人去了西弗吉尼亚州的学院，在那里黑人可以继续接受高中教育。）可知，KatherineJonhnson小时候在数学方面很有天赋。故选D项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“In1953,afteryearsasateacherandlaterasastay-at-homemom,shebeganworkingforNASA”（1953年，在做了多年的教师和后来的全职妈妈后，她开始为NASA工作）以及第四段“ShecontinuedtoworkatNASAuntilherretirementin1986.”（她继续在NASA工作，直到1986年退休）可知，1953年KatherineJohnson开始为NASA工作，1986年退休，她在NASA工作了33年。故选B项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“shebeganworkingforNASA,whichbeganhiringwomentomeasureandcalculatetheresultsofwindtunneltestsin1935.Inatimebeforetheelectroniccomputers,thesewomenwerecalled“computer”.”（她开始为NASA工作，NASA于1935 年开始雇佣女性来测算风洞试验的结果。在电子计算机出现之前的一段时间，这些女性被称为“计算机”）可知，凯瑟琳在NASA负责测算风洞试验的结果，担任计算机的角色。故选A项。【7题详解】标题判断题。通读全文，文章主要讲述了KatheriineJohnson凭借自己的数学头脑为NASA作出重要贡献的故事，结合最后一段“KatherineJohnson,agreatmathematician,physicist,spacescientistandthelast“computer”whoworeskirts,passedawayonFebruary24,2020.（凯瑟琳·约翰逊于2020年2月24日去世，她是一位伟大的数学家、物理学家、太空科学家，也是最后一位穿着裙子的“计算机”）”所以“凯瑟琳·约翰逊，一个穿着裙子的计算机”可以作为文章标题。故选C项。CManypeopleconfusehard-workingpeoplewithworkaholics(工作狂).Howcouldapersontellthathe/sheisaworkaholic?Aworkaholicworkslonghours,attheexpenseofpersonalrelationshipsandhealth.Whennotworking,they’rethinkingaboutwork.Workinfluencestheirmood:whenworkisgoingwell,they’reup;whenworkisgoinglesswell,they’redown.Working,orsimplybeingbusy,canbeahardhabittobreak.Whenworkaholicsaren’tbusyworking—ordoingsomethingtopromotetheirwork—theyfeelanxiousandguilty.Theyhangontojobsfordearlifeanddoeverythingtheycantomakesurethey’reessential.Thereisalinkbetweenhealthproblemsandworkaholism.Justbecauseworkitselfisarespectablepursuit(追求)doesn’tmeanthatanaddictiontoitisanylessdamagingthanothersortsofaddictions.Anumberofstudiesshowthatworkaholismhasbeenassociatedwithawiderangeofhealthproblems,suchasanxietyandheartdisease.Besideshealthproblems,beingaworkaholicbringsothernegativeeffectsaswell.AstudypublishedintheAmericanJournalofFamilyTherapyfoundthatworkingtoomuchnegativelyinfluencedanemployee’smarriage.Thisisn’tsurprising,sinceifyou’remarriedtoyourwork,itcanbedifficulttobemarriedtoanything,oranyone,else.Therehavealsobeenstudieslookingattheinfluenceofworkaholicparentsontheirchildrenandthenewsisn’tgood.Adultchildrenofworkaholicfathersexperiencedmoredepressionandanxietyandaweakersenseofself.However,therearealsomanypositiveaspectstoworkinghardandtoanincreasingdevotiontocareer.Hardworkcanbringgreatrewards.Formany,it’showtheydevelopfeelingsofself-worthandconfidenceandpurpose.Ifyouhaveaworkaholicinyourlife,youmightpointoutthethingsheorsheismissingoutonwhileatwork,whetherit’sachild’ssoccergame,agoodbook,orayogaclass.Seektounderstandwhythepersonfeelstheneedtoworksomuchandsupporttheminfindingasolution. 8.Whatcanweinferaboutworkaholics?A.Theyputworkinthefirstplace.B.Theyusuallyhavelifeoutsidework.C.Theyoftengetpleasurefromwork.D.Theywinrespectfromtheirworkmates.9.WhatareParagraphs3and4mainlyabout?A.Badinfluencesofworkaholism.B.Reasonsforbeingworkaholics.C.Howpeopledealwiththeiraddictions.D.Howhard-workingpeopledifferfromworkaholics.10.Whatcanwedotohelpworkaholicsinlife?A.Forcethemtojoinfamilyactivities.B.Rewardthemfortheirhardwork.C.Helpthemfindself-worthandconfidence.D.Trytounderstandandsupportthem.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsworkinghard?A.Doubtful.B.Objective.C.Negative.D.Curious.【答案】8.A9.A10.D11.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过多方面的分析说明了工作狂的特点、沉迷工作的不利影响、努力工作的积极意义以及对待工作狂我们应持何种态度。【8题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段的“Aworkaholicworkslonghours,attheexpenseofpersonalrelationshipsandhealth.Whennotworking,they’rethinkingaboutwork.Workinfluencestheirmood:whenworkisgoingwell,they’reup;whenworkisgoinglesswell,they’redown.（工作狂长时间工作，以牺牲人际关系和健康为代价。不工作的时候，他们想着工作。工作影响他们的情绪：当工作进展顺利时，他们会情绪高涨；当工作进展不太顺利时，他们就会情绪低落。）”可推知工作狂把工作放在第一位。故选A。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段和第四段中的“healthproblems,damaging,addiction,negativeeffects”等关键词可知，这两段主要讲工作狂的一些负面影响，故选A。【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知“Seektounderstandwhythepersonfeelstheneedtoworksomuchandsupporttheminfindingasolution.（试着去理解为什么这个人觉得有必要努力工作，并支持他们找到解决方案。）”由此可知，对待工作狂，我们要试着去理解和支持他们，故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者在客观地分析说明沉迷工作会带来的负面影响和努力工作的积极意义。故选B。DThereismorethatcomeswitholderagethangreyinghairandwrinkledskinWhenhumansreachtheirlateryears,theyfavourmoreestablishedfriendsandtheirsocialcircleisreduced.Now,forwhatappearstobethefirsttime,scientistshaveseenthesamebehaviourinanotherspecies.Twentyyearsofobservationsofchimpanzees(猩猩)revealthatoldermaleschoosetohangoutwiththeirlong-termfriendsattheexpenseofotherrelationships.Theresearchersstudied78,000hoursofobservationsmadebetween1996and2016thatfollowedthesocialinteractionsof21malechimpanzeesbetweentheagesof15and58yearsold.Theyclassifiedthechimps’relationshipsdependingontheamountoftimetheysatwithothersandgroomed(梳毛)them.Theythenratedthevariouspairingsasmutual(相互的)friendships,wherebothchimpsseemedtoenjoytherelationship;one-sidedfriendships,whereonechimpwasmorekeentobefriendsthantheother;andnon-friendships,whereneitherchimpshowedinterestintheother.Whenthescientistslookedatthepatternsoffriendships,theyfoundthattheolderchimpshadmoremutualfriendshipsandfewerone-sidedfriendshipsthanyoungerchimps.Anotherfeatureseeninolderhumanswasalsospottedinthechimps.Asthemalesgotolder,theirlevelsofaggression(挑衅)tailedoff,meaningtheystartedfewerfightsandtendedtointimidateothersintheirgrouplessoften.Theobservationshavelefttheresearcherspuzzled.Accordingtoanideainpsychologyknownassocioemotionalselectivitytheory,orSST,olderhumansprefermorepositiverelationshipsbecausetheyareawaretimeisrunningout.Butmanyanimalexpertsarguethatchimpanzeeslackthehumansenseofmortality(死亡),suggestingsomethingelseisdrivingthebehaviour.RobinDunbar,aprofessorofevolutionarypsychologyattheUniversityofOxford,saidinhumans,thedeclineinsocialcircleswithageisduetodecliningsocialmotivationtogetoutandmeetpeoplecombinedbylackofopportunity.Inchimpanzees,asoldermalescompetelessformates,theymayfocusonclose,reciprocal(互惠的)relationshipswithtrustedpartners,shesaid.12.Whatdooldermalechimpanzeesfavour? A.Oldfriendships.B.Newbonds.C.Greyinghair.D.Wrinkledskin.13.Howdidtheresearchersdrawtheirconclusionaboutchimpanzees?A.Byturningtootherscientists.B.Byintroducinganewconcept.C.Byformingrelationshipswiththem.D.Byanalyzingtwodecades’observations.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intimidate”inParagraph4mean?A.Threaten.B.Motivate.C.Defend.D.Accompany.15.AccordingtoRobinDunbar,whataccountsfordecliningsocialcirclesinchimpanzees?A.Awarenessoftime.B.Lesscompetitionformates.C.LowmotivationforsocializationD.Lackofthehumansenseofmortality.【答案】12.A13.D14.A15.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黑猩猩的社交模式。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Twentyyearsofobservationsofchimpanzees(猩猩)revealthatoldermaleschoosetohangoutwiththeirlong-termfriendsattheexpenseofotherrelationships.(20年来对黑猩猩的观察表明，年长的雄性黑猩猩选择与长期的朋友在一起，而牺牲了其他的关系)”可知，年长的雄性黑猩猩更重视旧的友谊。故选A项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Theresearchersstudied78,000hoursofobservationsmadebetween1996and2016thatfollowedthesocialinteractionsof21malechimpanzeesbetweentheagesof15and58yearsold.(研究人员研究了1996年至2016年间对21只年龄在15岁至58岁之间雄性黑猩猩进行的7.8万小时的社会交往观察)”可推知，研究人员是通过分析二十年来的观察得出关于黑猩猩的结论的。故选D项。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第四段划线词前面的“Asthemalesgotolder,theirlevelsofaggression(挑衅)tailedoff,meaningtheystartedfewerfights(随着雄性年龄的增长，他们的挑衅水平逐渐下降，这意味着他们开始减少争斗)”可知，随着雄性黑猩猩年龄的增长，它们也更少恐吓群体中的其他成员。由此推知，划线词“intimidate”的意思为“威胁，恐吓”。故选A项。 【15题详解】细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“Inchimpanzees,asoldermalescompetelessformates,theymayfocusonclose,reciprocal(互惠的)relationshipswithtrustedpartners,shesaid.(她说，在黑猩猩身上，随着年龄较大的雄性黑猩猩争夺配偶的机会减少，它们可能会专注于与可信任的伴侣建立亲密、互惠的关系)”可知，RobinDunbar指出，减少对配偶的竞争导致了黑猩猩社交圈的减少。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。JaneEyre,writtenbyCharlotteBrontë,wasfirstpublishedin1847.Widelyconsideredasaclassic,itisnotjustaromancenovel,butaneducationalstory.WomencanlearnsomuchfromthisgreatVictorianheroine.ThisisnottosuggestthatJanedoesn’thaveshortcomings．____16____Youcanovercomeyourpasthoweverbaditis.Inthenovel,JaneEyreismademiserableasachildbyherhorriblerelatives．____17____Heconstantlyremindsherthatshe’sanorphan(孤儿).ButshelearnsalotaboutlettinggowhensheissenttoaboardingschoolandthenshemakesfriendswithHelen.____18____Janenotes,“Theworldwasavariedfieldofhopesandexcitementwaitingforthosewhohadthecouragetogoforth”IfJanehadn’tbeenbrave,shemighthavereturnedtothecruelwomanwhoraisedher.Don’tbeafraidtoexpressyourmind.Inthenovelsheisnotscaredtovoiceheropinionswhennecessary．____19____Talkinghelpshealrelationshipsaswell.Bepositive.Inthenovel,whenJaneisyounger,shehasatendencytofeelsorryforherself.____20____Butasshegetsolder,shelearnstobehappydespiteherpast.A.Herlifeispainful.B.Youcandecideyourlife.C.Hercousin,John,istheworst.D.However,there’smuchtobelearntfromthewayshechoosestolive.E.Hence,itismuchbettertotalkaboutthingsthantohideunspokenanger．F.Rememberthatthepossibilitiesforlifeareendlessforthosewhotakerisks.G.Itisweakandsillytosayyoucan’tbearwhatitisyourfatetoberequiredtobear.【答案】16.D17.C18.F19.E20.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章是书评，主要对《简爱》这部小说的女主人公简爱进行评论。【16题详解】 根据上文“ThisisnottosuggestthatJanedoesn’thaveshortcomings.”（这不是说简爱没有缺点。），以及下文开始介绍我们可以学到的道理可知，前后为转折关系，故D项“然而，我们仍然可以从她选择的生活方式中学到很多东西。”符合上下文语境。故选D。【17题详解】根据下文“Heconstantlyremindsherthatshe’sanorphan(孤儿).”（他不断提醒她是个孤儿。）可知，本句应出现“He”所指代的人物，He做的事情很差经。故C项“她的表哥约翰是最差劲的。”和下文意思一致。故选C。【18题详解】根据下文“Janenotes,‘Theworldwasavariedfieldofhopesandexcitementwaitingforthosewhohadthecouragetogoforth.’”（简爱指出：“世界是一个充满希望和令人兴奋的事的多变的场所，正等待着那些有勇气向前的人去探索。”）可知，这是总结出的鼓励人们要有勇气去探索的观点。F选项“要记得，对于那些冒险的人来说，生活的可能性是无穷无尽的。”表明有勇气冒险的人要去探索生活无限的可能性。故选F。【19题详解】根据下文“Talkinghelpshealrelationshipsaswell.”（谈话也有助于治愈关系。）可知，说出自己所想很重要。E选项“因此，把事情说出来比把愤怒隐藏不说要好得多。”和下文意思一致。故选E。【20题详解】根据设空处前一句“whenJaneisyounger,shehasatendencytofeelsorryforherself.”（当简爱年轻的时候，她总是为自己感到遗憾。）可知，这里是描述她年轻时的生活状况。A选项“她生活悲惨痛苦。”和上文意思一致。故选A。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Theotherday，myhusbandandItookthekidsfordinneratabranchofPizzaExpress．Therewasaveryfriendlylady____21____aloneatthenexttable．Whenthetimecameforhertopaythe____22____，herbankcardwasdeclined．Thewaitresstoldher，inaverykindway，thattherewasa____23____butshewouldcallhermanagerforhelp．Seeingthis，myhusband____24____gotupandtoldthewaitingstaffthatwewouldpayforthelady’smeal．____25____，whenthemanagerarrived，heexplainedtotheladythatalthoughshecouldn’tusehercard，therewasnoneedto____26____．PizzaExpressauthorizes（授权）therestaurantto____27____twofreemealspermonthandonthis____28____，theywouldliketoprovideherwithafreemeal．Shewasextremelygratefuland____29____thatshehadbeenunabletopay．Wewererelievedthattheladyhadbeentreatedwithdignityinsteadofbeingplacedina（n）_____30_____position． Thenthemanagerapproachedourtable．Hesaidthat，_____31_____wehadshownsuchgenerosity，hewouldliketodonatethesecondfreemealthattherestaurantwasableto_____32_____tous!Wewereabsolutelyastonished!Ihadneverheardofanychainrestaurantbehavinginsuchagenerousway．Wewerequite_____33_____withgratitude．ImadesurethattheladywasabletogethomeOK，andthenwe_____34_____thestaffandleft．Iwasreallyimpressedbyhowtherestauranthadtreatedthis_____35_____case．21.A.waitingB.workingC.diningD.ordering22.A.menuB.billC.serviceD.recipe23.A.solutionB.problemC.disadvantageD.technique24.A.cautiouslyB.bravelyC.slowlyD.immediately25.A.HoweverB.FinallyC.ActuallyD.Therefore26.A.payB.helpC.worryD.bother27.A.giveawayB.pickupC.letoutD.takeon28.A.occasionB.opportunityC.momentD.demand29.A.puzzledB.apologeticC.delightedD.thrilled30.A.dangerousB.emergentC.violentD.embarrassing31.A.ifB.afterC.asD.when32.A.shareB.spareC.offerD.cover33.A.filledB.equippedC.suppliedD.burdened34.A.praisedB.inspiredC.greetedD.thanked35.A.creativeB.specialC.complexD.regular【答案】21.C22.B23.B24.D25.A26.C27.A28.A29.B30.D31.C32.C33.A34.D35.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者一家有一次在一家比萨快递的连锁店用餐，隔壁桌一位非常友好的女士在付账时银行卡被拒绝了，作者的丈夫提出可以帮她付钱。但是餐厅经理赶来后告知餐厅可以提供一份免费餐给这位女士。因为作者一家的慷慨行为，餐厅决定将另外一份免费餐名额送给作者一家。作者对这家餐厅对这个特殊情况的处理留下了深刻的印象。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一位非常友好的女士独自在邻桌用餐。A.waiting等待；B.working工作；C.dining用餐；D.ordering点餐。根据下文“Whenthetimecameforhertopay”（到了她付钱的时候）可知，此处是指这位女士正在用餐。故选C。 【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：到了她付账的时候，她的银行卡被拒绝了。A.menu菜单；B.bill账单；C.service服务；D.recipe食谱。根据“herbankcardwasdeclined”可知，此处是指用完餐后付账。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：女服务员非常友好地告诉她这个问题，她会打电话给她的经理寻求帮助。A.solution解决方案；B.problem问题；C.disadvantage劣势；D.technique技术。根据上文“herbankcardwasdeclined”和句中“shewouldcallhermanagerforhelp”可知，此处是指出现了特殊问题。故选B。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：看到这一点，我丈夫立即站起来，告诉等候的工作人员，我们将支付这位女士的餐费。A.cautiously谨慎地；B.bravely勇敢地；C.slowly缓慢地；D.immediately立即。根据“Seeingthis”和“toldthewaitingstaffthatwewouldpayforthelady’smeal”可知，此处是指丈夫立即站起来。故选D。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当经理到达时，他向这位女士解释说，虽然她不能使用她的卡，但没有必要担心。A.However然而；B.Finally最后；C.Actually实际上；D.Therefore因此。根据“toldthewaitingstaffthatwewouldpayforthelady’smeal”和“heexplainedtotheladythatalthoughshecouldn’tusehercard，therewasnoneedto46”可知，此处是指原本“我”们打算替这位女士付账，然而赶来的经理却说不用担心，前后构成转折关系。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第5题详解。A.pay付钱；B.help帮助；C.worry担心；D.bother打扰。根据“PizzaExpressauthorizes（授权）therestaurantto　　　　　　　　　twofreemealspermonthandonthis　　　　　　　　　，theywouldliketoprovideherwithafreemeal．”可知，此处是指没有必要担心。故选C。27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：比萨快递授权这家餐厅每月免费赠送两顿饭，在这种情况下，他们愿意为她提供一顿免费饭。A.giveaway赠送；B.pickup拿起；C.letout放出；D.takeon承担。根据“provideherwithafreemeal”可知，此处是指比萨快递授权这家餐厅每月免费赠送两顿饭。故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第7题详解。A.occasion时机，机会；B.opportunity机会；C.moment时刻；D.demand要求。根据“theywouldliketoprovideherwithafreemeal”可知，此处是指在这种情况下，应用固定搭配onthisoccasion。故选A。【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位女士非常感激，并因为无法支付订单而感到抱歉。A.puzzled疑惑的；B.apologetic歉意的；C.delighted愉快的；D.thrilled兴奋的。根据下文“hehadbeenunabletopay．”可知，这位女士非常感激，并因为无法支付订单而感到抱歉。故选B。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：令我们欣慰的是，这位女士受到了体面的对待，而不是被置于一个尴尬的境地。A.dangerous危险的；B.emergent紧急的；C.violent暴力的；D.embarrassing令人尴尬的。根据“insteadof”和“hadbeentreatedwithdignity”可知，此处是指女士没有被置于尴尬的境地。故选D。【31题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：他说，由于我们表现得如此慷慨，他愿意捐赠餐厅能够提供的第二顿免费餐给我们！A.if如果；B.after在……以后；C.as因为；D.when既然。根据“wehadshownsuchgenerosity”和“hewouldliketodonatethesecondfreemealthattherestaurantwasableto52tous”可知，前后为因果关系。所以应用as“因为”引导原因状语从句。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第11题详解。A.share分享；B.spare匀出；C.offer提供；D.cover覆盖。根据“hesecondfreemeal”可知，此处是指餐厅能够提供的第二顿免费餐，that引导的定语从句修饰thesecondfreemeal。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们充满了感激之情。A.filled使充满（感情）；B.equipped配备；C.supplied供给；D.burdened负重。根据上文“Ihadneverheardofanychainrestaurantbehavinginsuchagenerousway.”（我从来没有听说过任何连锁餐厅表现得如此慷慨。）可知，此处是指我们充满了感激之情。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我确信这位女士能正常回家，然后我们感谢了工作人员后便离开了。A.praised表扬；B.inspire启发；C.greeted问候；D.thanked感谢。根据“thestaff”和上句“Wewerequite53withgratitude.”可知，此处是指感谢工作人员。故选D。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这家餐厅对这个特殊情况的处理给我留下了深刻的印象。A.creative有创造性的；B.special特殊的；C.complex复杂的；D.regular规律的。根据上文“herbankcardwasdeclined”和“toldthewaitingstaffthatwewouldpayforthelady’smeal”可知，这是一次特殊的情况。故选B。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Aswintervacation____36____（approach），manyteenagersareplanningtheirholidaywork-out schedule．Itseemsliketeenshaverealizedthatexerciseisoneoftheeasiestandmost____37____（benefit）waysthattheycanbeenergeticandprotectthemselves____38____anumberofdiseaseswhengrowingold．Thereareawiderangeofsportsteenscando．____39____（improve）heartandlungefficiency,joggingandswimmingsoundlikesmart____40____（choose）．Whendoingstrengthtraininglikepull-upsandweightlifting，one’smusclestrengthisincreased，andbonesgetdeveloped．Besides，teenscantakecourses____41____（design）foryoungpeople，includingboxingorHip-Popdancing．Apartfromdoingsports____42____aresuitableforteens，abalanceddietandadequatesleep____43____（be）alsosignificant．Sinceittakesbothastrongbodyandsoundmindto____44____（full）realizeone’spotential，pleasetakefulladvantageofthiswintervacation，_____45_____rechargeyourbatteryforthenewterm!【答案】36.isapproaching##approaches37.beneficial38.from##against39.toimprove40.choices41.designed42.that##which43.are44.fully45.and【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述随着寒假的来临，希望青少年多进行体育锻炼，为新学期充电，介绍青少年参加一些适合年轻人的体育运动和课程。【36题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：随着寒假的来临，许多青少年正在计划他们的假期锻炼计划。分析文章整体时态是现在时可知，此处时态用现在进行时或者一般现在时，表示“随着寒假的来临”，主语wintervacation是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填isapproaching/approaches。【37题详解】考查形容词。句意：青少年似乎已经意识到，锻炼是最简单和最有益的方式之一，用这种方式，他们可以充满活力，当他们变老，可以保护他们免受一系列疾病。beneficial“有益的，有好处的”，形容词修饰名词作定语，故填beneficial。【38题详解】 考查介词。句意：青少年似乎已经意识到，锻炼是最简单和最有益的方式之一，用这种方式，他们可以充满活力，当他们变老保护他们免受一系列疾病。protect...from/against“保护……以免……”是固定短语，根据句意，故填from/against。【39题详解】考查不定式。句意：为了提高心肺效率，慢跑和游泳听起来是明智的选择。根据句意，“为了提高心肺功能”为目的状语，此处用不定式表目的。故填Toimprove。40题详解】考查名词。句意：为了提高心肺效率，慢跑和游泳听起来是明智的选择。根据句意，此处表示“慢跑和游泳”两种选择，用复数，故填choices。【41题详解】考查过去分词。句意：此外，青少年可以参加为年轻人设计的课程，包括拳击或嘻哈舞。分析句子可知，design作定语，修饰courses，“为年轻人设计的课程”，此处courses是被设计，course与design是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，故填designed。【42题详解】考查定语从句。句意：除了做些适合青少年做的运动，均衡的饮食与充足的睡眠也是很重要的。分析句子可知，此句为一个定语从句，先行词为sports，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词that或者which。故填that/which。【43题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意同上。文章主时态是一般现在时，主语为abalanceddietandadequatesleep，是复数，故后接的be动词应用复数形式are。故填are。【44题详解】考查副词。句意：要想充分发挥自己的潜力，需要强健的体魄和健全的精神，所以请大家好好利用这个寒假，为新学期充电。修饰动词realize用副词作状语，故填fully。【45题详解】考查连词。句意：要想充分发挥自己的潜力，需要强健的体魄和健全的精神，所以请大家好好利用这个寒假，为新学期充电。根据句意，前后文是顺承关系，用连接词and，表示利用寒假，为新学期充电。故填and。第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假如你是李华，你英国朋友Wilson想向你了解一项具有中国特色的体育运动。请你写一封信向他推荐太极。具体内容应包括： 1．对太极的简单介绍；2．打太极的好处。注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearWilson，________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHua【答案】参考范文DearWilson,HearingthatyouwanttoknowsomesportswithChinesecharacteristics,Istronglyrecommendtaichitoyou.First,taichiissaidtobeinventedbyaTaoistcalledZhangSanfenginthe13thcentury,whowasinspiredbyafightbetweenasnakeandabird.BehinditaredeeplyrootedrichChinesecultureandphilosophy.Mottimportantly,practicingtaichihasapositiveeffectonyourbodybothphysicallyandmentally.Itenablesyoutosleepbetteratnightandbemoreenergeticduringtheday.Ihopeyouwillgiveitatryandenjoythebenefitsitbringstoyourhealth.Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封信向英国朋友Wilson推荐太极。【详解】1.词汇积累建议：recommend→advise鼓舞：inspire→encourage打斗：fight→struggle 积极的：positive→active2.句式拓展简单句变倒装句原句：Itenablesyoutosleepbetteratnightandbemoreenergeticduringtheday.拓展句：Notonlydoesitenableyoutosleepbetteratnightbutitalsomakesyoumoreenergeticduringtheday.【点睛】【高分句型1】First,taichiissaidtobeinventedbyaTaoistcalledZhangSanfenginthe13thcentury,whowasinspiredbyafightbetweenasnakeandabird.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句）【高分句型2】HearingthatyouwanttoknowsomesportswithChinesecharacteristics,Istronglyrecommendtaichitoyou.（运用了that引导宾语从句）第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ItwasChristmasEve，andalmostallthepeopleweregettingtogetherwiththeirfamily，havingthebigdinnerorenjoyingthecharminglightsoftheChristmastree．ButTomaswasstillontheway，anditwasstillalongwaytothedestination．Hefelttired，lonelyandcold，especiallywhenthewindwasblowinginhiscab（驾驶室）．Tomaspulledupthetruckandreachedforhisjacketbutstoppedwhenhesawtheboxonthepassengerseatnexttohim．HismotherwasthegreatestmotherintheworldwhoworriedabouthimspendingChristmasontheroadaloneandhadgivenhimaboxfilledwithpresentsbeforehelefthome．Thoughheisadrivernow，hismumstilltreatshimlikeakid．Hereachedintotheredstockingthatwasintheboxandbroughtoutatoytractorthatlookedalotlikehistruck．Hewonderedhowmanystoreshismotherhadtogotobeforeshefoundsuchaclosematch．Tearsblindedhiseyes．Heclimbedoutofhistruckandranintotheall-nightcafé，whichwasatruckstopthatmanytruckdriverslikedtohavearestin．Buttoday，besidesthosetruckerswhowereeatingandtalkingloudlyasusual，therewereafamilyoftwosittinginacorner，wearingshabby（破旧的）clothesandlookingsleepy．Themotherhuggedtheboywholookedunhappyandtiredinherarms．Hishungerwaseasytotellfromhisextremelyfleshlessface．Seeingthis，Tomasmissedhisfamilymore．Hismumraisedfourkidsbyherself，butnomatterhowhardthelifewas，shealwaysmadesuretheyhadagoodChristmas．注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Tomasfeltsorryfortheboy．________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hecamebackfromhistruckandwalkedtothefamily．________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】参考范文Tomasfeltsorryfortheboy.NokidshouldspendChristmasEveinatruckstoplikethis.Thenhethoughtofhisboxfilledwithpresentschosenbyhismother.Helookedatthekidagainandknewwhattodo.Withoutdelay,heputonhisjacket,wentoutsideandclimbedintohistruck.Innotimedidhegrabthestockingoutofthebox.Hecamebackfromhistruckandwalkedtothefamily.“IthinkSantaClauseleftthisforyou,”Tomassaidandhandedittotheboy.Theboy’smothershookTomas’handlongandhard.Theboy’sfacelitupalmostatonceandheeagerlyduginsidethestocking,fullofcuriosityandhappiness.“ItisthebestpresentI’veevergotonChristmas,”theboythanked.TomasfeltalittleexcitedandthoughtitwasthegreatestChristmasthathehadeverhad.【解析】【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了圣诞夜Thomas还在外开车，母亲担心他一个人在路上过圣诞节，在他离家前给了他一个装满礼物的盒子。Thomas为盒子里的礼物而感动，他走近通宵营业的咖啡馆休息，一家三口坐在一个角落里，看到一位母亲抱着一个男孩，Thomas为男孩感到难过，最后Thomas用自己的方式给男孩准备了一份圣诞礼物。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“Tomas为这个男孩感到难过。”可知，第一段可描写Tomas 看到男孩后的内心感受，他想到了他的盒子，里面装满了他母亲挑选的礼物。他又看了看那孩子，知道该怎么办了。他穿上夹克，走到外面，爬上卡车。他很快就拿着那只长统袜回来了。②由第二段首句内容“他从卡车上回来，向那家人走去。”可知，第二段可描写Thomas将礼物送给了男孩，男孩充满好奇和幸福，Thomas感到这是他度过的最美妙的圣诞节并因此很兴奋。2.续写线索：Thomas为男孩感到难过——Thomas有了主意——Thomas送给男孩长筒袜——男孩感到高兴3.词汇激活行为类想起：thinkof/recall回来：comeback/return递给：handsth.tosb./givesb.sth.情绪类热切地：eagerly/keenly最好的：thegreatest/themostwonderful【点睛】[高分句型1]Helookedatthekidagainandknewwhattodo.(运用了“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语)[高分句型2]Innotimedidhegrabthestockingoutofthebox.(运用了部分倒装结构)听力答案：1-20ABABCBCBAAACABCCBBAC