【最高考】2023高考英语语法精讲精练 专题四 动词及动词词组常考点

专题四　动词及动词词组常考点动词是英语中的核心词汇，要想学好英语，首先要掌握和熟练运用动词。要注重动词词汇的原始积累，要进行大量阅读，体会在不同语境下动词及其词组的不同含义。动词和动词词组在特定语境下的灵活运用是近几年英语高考的考查热点。　　考查常见动词的含义和熟词新义①考查常见动词的含义。如：achieve(获得)，attract(吸引)，adapt(适应；改编)，attach(依附)，behave(表现)，check(核对)，contain(容纳)，handle(处理)，threaten(威胁)等。②考查熟词新义。如：fail(衰弱)，cover(采访；够付；走过)；observe(庆祝；遵守)；push(逼迫)；save(省去)；stand(忍受；经得住)；tell(判断)等。根据所缺单词的首字母，写出单词的正确形式：①Lucyhasa________allofthegoalsshesetforherselfinhighschool.②Oneofthebestwaysforpeopletokeepfitistod________healthyeatinghabits.③—Howabouteighto'clockoutsidethecinema?—Thats________mefine.④Nickislookingforanotherjobbecausehefeelsthatnothinghedoess________hisboss.⑤Thousandsofforeignerswerea________totheShanghaiWorldExpothedayitopened.【答案】①achieved　②develop　③suits　④satisfies　⑤attracted　　常接不定式作宾语的动词，如：expect，hesitate，manage等；常接动词－ing作宾语的动词，如：allow，enjoy，imagine，risk，suggest等；常接“间接宾语＋直接宾语”结构的及物动词，如：give，offer等；连系动词，如：get，go，stay等。用所给词的适当形式填空：①Hepretended________(read)whenIcamein.②Ifyourracecarisn'tinsured，youmayrisk________(lose)everythingwhenithitssomethinghard.③Hemanaged_______(send)thetouriststotheairportintime.④Itisdifficulttoimaginehis________(accept)thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.⑤Theparentssuggested________(sleep)inthehotelroombuttheirkidswereanxioustocampoutduringthetrip.\n【答案】①tobereading　②losing　③tosend　④accepting　⑤sleeping　　“动词＋介词”结构，如：addto，askfor，callfor，callon，dependon，dowithout，getover，getthrough，goover，leadto，livewith，lookinto，makeup，referto，stickto等。“动词＋副词＋介词”结构，如：catchupwith，comeupwith，endupwith，getdownto，goinfor，holdonto，keepupwith，liveupto，lookoutfor，lookupto等。用适当的介词或副词填空：①Wehavetoget________thewheatassoonaspossiblebecauseastormisontheway.②Don'tmentionthatatthebeginningofthestory，oritmaygive________theshockingending.③Wethoughtofsellingthisoldfurniture，butwe'vedecidedtoholdon________it.Itmightbevaluable.④Canyoumakeasentencetobring________themeaningofthephrase?⑤Helenalwayshelpshermothereventhoughgoingtoschooltakes________mostofherday.【答案】①in　②away　③to　④out　⑤up　　“动词＋副词”结构，如：breakdown，breakout，breakup，comedown，comeout，getalong，getaway，getup，giveout，givein，goby，goup，runout，lookup，holdon，setout，turnout，workout等。“动词＋副词(＋宾语)”或“动词(＋宾语)＋副词”结构，如：bringout，bringabout，callup，carryon，carryout，cutoff，figureout，leavebehind，leaveout，makeout，makeup，pickout，pickup，putaway，putback，putout，putup，seeoff，setaside，setup，takedown，takein，takeup等。从方框里选出适当的短语，并用其正确形式填空：giveout;setup;gettogether;fitin;turnover;takeup;getin;buildup;takein①PractisingChineseKungfucannotonly________one'sstrength，butalsodevelopone'scharacter.②ForalltheseyearsIhavebeenworkingforothers.I'mhopingI'll________myownbusinesssomeday.③Don'tbe________byproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.④We'regoingto________withsomefriendsforapicnic.Wouldyouliketojoinus?⑤It'sgoingtorain.XiaoFeng，willyoupleasehelpme________theclothesontheline?\n⑥Afterstudyinginamedicalcollegeforfiveyears，Jane________herjobasadoctorinthecountryside.⑦—Whatareyoureading，Tom?—I'mnotreallyreading，just________thepages.⑧Amyjoinedapaintinggroupbutdidn'tseemto________，sosheleft.⑨Thenewsofthemayor'scomingtoourschoolforavisitwas________ontheradioyesterday.【答案】①buildup　②setup　③takenin　④gettogether　⑤getin　⑥tookup　⑦turningover　⑧fitin　⑨givenout【常用动词短语用法归纳】1.agree(双方)就某事达成共识同意计划、建议、安排同意(某人)；适应(某人)；符合2.check报到；登记；投宿旅馆查明；结账；付款离开旅馆核对，检验3.break脱离(政党等)，摆脱突破；穿透强行进入；插嘴强行进入；突然＝折断；中断(突然)爆发；突然＝坏了；(计划等)失败，垮了；分解驱散；结束；分成……4.bring引起，造成带回；使人想起使降低提出；将……提前引进；赚进拿出；阐明，显现出；发表；出版；生产使提高；引起，使发生抚养；呕吐；提出5.call拜访(某地)拜访(某人)；号召，呼吁去接(某人/某物)；要求，需要召来，请来取消(大声)喊叫叫……回来；回电打电话；使人想起；征召入伍6.cut切碎剪下；删除；停止切断；隔绝插嘴\n砍倒；削减砍掉，切下凿穿使停止，中断7.carry随身携带执行继续赢得，夺去(奖牌)；拿走拿走，抢走；吸引住某人(常用被动)8.give赠送；泄露；错失(时机等)分发；发布；发出；用尽散发出放弃；把……献给让步，妥协9.get完成；通过；接通(电话)进来；收获(庄稼)；插嘴出去；脱身；停止(习惯等)下车；脱下来；离开上车；进展；相处＝克服(困难等)；越过；复原讲清楚；使人了解到处走动；(消息)传开聚集在一起；聚会(从树上等)下来；取下，放下；写下；吞下使某人气馁开始认真处理某事通过；设法过生活；勉强可用10.die(声音、光等)减弱、渐息(声音、火、疼痛等)渐息为……献身死于……死于……绝种；(习惯等)消失(家族等)相继死亡11.come偶然遇见/发现赶快；进展；随同用于祈使句，表示鼓励或催促来到，达到；总计；谈到；苏醒上升；被提出；从土中发芽出来，(花)开；出版；明了；结果是(纽扣等)脱落物价跌落；下来到达；袭击回来；忆起……\n产生，发生达到，符合想出；拿出突然得……病恢复知觉；再度出现12.go到处走动；传开；着手做……追赶；追求违背(时间)流逝浏览；查看；经历(困难等)爆炸，(闹钟)响；进行(情况)研究；复习；搜查；视察出去；熄灭下落，下沉；下跌上升；涨价发生，进行；继续；流逝喜欢；从事喜欢；卖(多少钱)；努力得到相配没有……勉强支撑13.hold阻挡；控制；保留；抑制等一下；不挂断；坚持住抓住；不出让举起；延误；支持伸出；(食物等)维持14.show炫耀露面，出现领某人参观领某人出去领某人进来15.knock把……击倒撞在……上；偶遇将……撞翻流浪；无目的旅行；虐待16.leave忘记带；留下……不考虑；忽略掉让……独自待着停止；不再用17.keep抑制；扣除使离开；不接近继续下去不使入内；不牵涉在内保持；(士气等)不低落不落在……的后面\n遵守；不离开(位置、场所)18.pass过去；去世；消散失去知觉传递传下来穿过，通过；经历从旁经过；不理会不管；不追究19.look旁观把……看作回顾四处环顾；参观仰视；查阅；转好尊敬轻视浏览；透过……看检查；越过……看调查；朝……里看照顾寻找；期待当心；提防注视；研究；20.put推迟，延期；使失去兴趣穿上；上演；播放；增加；打开伸出；扑灭；生产；出版接通电话；使经历(困难等)举起；建立；张贴；提出；住宿忍受提出；把……提前放下；写下；镇压收拾起来；储存；处理掉动物；把人送入监狱(精神病院)放在一边；储存；忽视放还原处放进；安装；插话装配(零件等)；整理；综合21.hand交出分发移交(职位、任务等)传下来22.point指向指着；瞄准(无礼貌)指出23.make朝……走去；有助于组成；编造；弥补；和解；化妆\n勉强分辨出；理解；填写；声称24.pay偿还；报复还清；得到回报；成功；付清薪水解雇某人付……钱25.pick捡起；好转；收听；接；获得；买到分辨出；了解；选出26.let...使失望；放下让……进入；放……出去；泄露排放；放(枪、烟火等)放过某人；允许某人不做27.pull(车船)抵达驶出；拔出；退出；撤退拔起；使停下拉下；拆毁(匆匆)穿、戴克服困难；脱离危险28.tear撕扯着撕下；拆毁扯掉撕裂；撕毁(合同等)……忍痛离开29.try试穿、试戴试验；试用；试演；30.see...送行照顾；处理；注意31.think考虑；熟虑认为；考虑；想起(场景)；想到(通过思考)想出；研究出(突然)想出念头；设计出；发明仔细考虑32.stand替代(某人)支持(主义等)；代表反对；背靠……站立支持，拥护(某人)；袖手旁观突出；显眼33.take取下；记下；拆除把……误当作起飞；脱去；成名接受；承担；雇佣；呈现接替，接管；继承拿起；开始从事；占用；接下去\n吸收；欺骗；在家接活；改小；收容拿走；夺去长得像或性格像拿回；收回；退货喜欢；沉迷于34.turn求助于……；查阅；生产；关掉；结果是打开(灯等)；取决于；袭击；使(某人)感兴趣关掉；使(某人)厌烦拒绝；调低撵走，拒不接受；转过脸去出现；调高翻身；翻转；上交转身35.set着手做；出发；陈述出发；引爆炸、燃放；引起(某种情绪)放下；记下留出；抛弃(意见、习惯等)把(钟、表)往回拨；阻碍设立；建立着手做(坏天气、冬天、疾病等)开始，发生，到来36.send派(人)去请/取寄出；给……送行；派遣发射发出/寄出(通知等)37.ring打电话回电话挂断电话38.work致力于从事(某具体事物)解决；计算出；结果；锻炼；拟订39.result导致由……引起40.add增加；增添(抽象名词)把……加到……里加起来总计为41.live以……为生为……而活靠……生活；靠(某人)供养以……为主食；以……为生计；继续活着活过\n实践；配得上与(某人)一起生活；忍受42.shut停业；关闭(商店等)；停下(机器等)关掉(煤气等)；切断(交通等)紧紧关上(门窗等)；停业；关闭(商店等)；闭嘴1.(2014·江苏卷)—Dad,Idon'tthinkOlivertherightsortofpersonforthejob.—Isee.I'llgorightawayand________．　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A.payhimbackB.payhimoffC.puthimawayD.puthimoff2.(2014·湖北卷)Seeingthebigcrowdcomingtowardshim,hestartedtorundownthehill,but________andwentdownonhishandsandkneesinthemeltingsnow.A.slippedB.skiedC.signalledD.sank3.(2014·陕西卷)RalphW.Emersonwouldalways________newideasthatoccurredtohim.A.setoffB.setaboutC.setupD.setdown4.(2014·江苏卷)Topgraduatesfromuniversitiesare______bymajorcompanies.A.chasedB.registeredC.offeredD.compensated5.(2014·浙江卷)Howcouldyou________suchafantasticjobwhenyouhavebeenoutofworkformonths?A.turnoffB.turninC.turndownD.turnto6.(2013·江苏卷)Teamleadersmustensurethatallmembers________theirnaturaldesiretoavoidtheembarrassmentassociatedwithmakingmistakes.A.getoverB.lookoverC.takeoverD.comeover7.(2013·浙江卷)Whenthegroupdiscussionisreachingitsend，makesureto________itwithimportantpoints.A.concludeB.leadC.avoidD.hold8.(2013·安徽卷)Traditionally,collegestudentsholdagraduationceremonytoencouragethemselvesbeforethey________ontheirlifejourney.A.giveupB.settledownC.getthroughD.setoff9.(2013·湖北卷)Accordingtothelaw，allforeignershaveto________withthelocalpolicewithintwoweeksofarrival.A.associateB.disputeC.negotiateD.register10.(2012·湖北卷)Twolawyershavedonated$50，000to________ourschool's\ncampaign“HelptheNeedy”，whichwasstartedbyourformerheadmasterthreeyearsago.A.sponsorB.launchC.organizeD.play【答案】1.B　2.A　3.D　4.A　5.C　6.A　7.A　8.D9.D　10.A1.She________JapanesewhenshewasinJapan.Nowshecanspeakitfreely.A.pickedoutB.madeoutC.madeupD.pickedup2.It'salready10o'clock.Iwonderhowit________thatshewastwohourslateonsuchashorttrip.A.cameover　B.cameout　C.cameabout　　D.cameup3.AsIgrewupinasmalltownatthefootofamountain，thevisittothevillage________scenesofmychildhood.A.calledupB.calledforC.calledonD.calledin4.Thecomputersystem________suddenlywhilehewassearchingforinformationontheInternet.A.brokedownB.brokeoutC.brokeupD.brokein5.Atrulycreativepersoncantellthesamestorytimeaftertimeandstill________withfreshideas.A.comealong　B.comeon　C.comeup　D.comeout6.Jackmustbeworriedaboutsomething.Youcan________itfromthelookonhisface.A.regardB.recognizeC.readD.realize7.—Thebosssaidwehadonlythreedaystofinishthework.—Don'tworry.Wehavealready________twothirdsofit.A.gotdownB.gotthroughC.giveninD.givenaway8.Someinsects________thecolouroftheirsurroundingstoprotectthemselves.A.takeinB.takeoffC.takeonD.takeout9.Hisideasofhavingweeklyfamilymealstogether，whichseemeddifficultatfirst，has______goodchangesintheirlives.A.gotthroughB.resultedfromC.turnedintoD.broughtabout10.Thispicturewastakenalongtimeago.Iwonderifyoucan________myfather.A.findoutB.pickoutC.lookoutD.speakout11.EverybodyinthevillagelikesJackbecauseheisgoodattellingand________jokes.A.turningupB.puttingupC.makingupD.showingup12.—Willapencil________？\n—I'mafraidnot.Onlyapencanbeusedintheexam.A.countB.fitC.doD.satisfy13.Hewasinhospitalforsixmonths.Hefeltasifhewas________fromtheoutsideworld.A.cutoutB.cutoffC.cutupD.cutthrough14.Itwasnotaseriousillness，andshesoon________it.A.gotoverB.gotonwithC.gotaroundD.gotoutof15.Beforethewarbrokeout，manypeople________insafeplacespossessionstheycouldnottakewiththem.A.threwawayB.putawayC.gaveawayD.carriedaway16.Thedoctorhadalmostlosthopeatonepoint，butthepatientfinally________！A.pulledoutB.pulledthroughC.pulledupD.pulledover17.Wewantedtogethomebeforedark，butitdidn'tquite________asplanned.A.makeout　B.turnoutC.goon　D.comeup18.It'stenyearssincethescientist________onhislife'sworkofdiscoveringthevaluablechemical.A.madeforB.setoutC.tookoffD.turnedup19.—Howareyougettingonwithyourbusiness?—I'mgladtosayitis________．A.turningupB.takingupC.breakingupD.pickingup20.Thenewmovie________tobeoneofthebiggestmoney－makersofalltime.A.promisesB.agreesC.pretendsD.declines21.Agoodteachernevercritizeshisorherpupilsbutusespraiseto________theirbest.A.bringoutB.bringupC.bringinD.bringon22.Combiningadvancedtechnologywithscientificmanagementcan________anincreaseinproduction.A.makeforB.makeintoC.makeoutD.makeup23.Thetrainmovedawayslowlyfromthestation,but________speedasitreachedtheopencountry.A.pickedupB.lookedupC.putupD.madeup\n24.Youshouldtakethepartagoodwayoflearning________inyourstudiesintoconsideration.A.givesB.makesC.playsD.teaches25.—Whywassheunhappyyesterday?—Acallfromhome________anattackofhomesickness.A.setoffB.setoutC.setaboutD.setdown26.Thoughmymother'sdiseasemademesufferalotfortwoyears,IusedwhatevermeansIcouldto______thatdifficulttime.A.gooutB.gooverC.getacrossD.getthrough27.Don'ttrytocheatonyourincometax;youwillnever________it.A.getridofB.catchupwithC.getawaywithD.putupwith28.Intheliteratureclass,ourteacheraskedusto________allthewordsinthepoemthatsuggesthomesickness.A.holdoutB.pickoutC.putoutD.giveout29.Withseveralroundsoftalks,theunionleaderssuccessfully______anagreementforashorterworkingweek.A.deservedB.negotiatedC.persuadedD.demanded30.—IthinkEnglishgrammaristhemostdifficultthingforme.—Don'tletit________you________.You'llmakeprogresswhenyoukeepworkingonit.A.get;downB.put;downC.pick;outD.wipe;out【答案】1.D　2.C　3.A　4.A　5.C　6.C　7.B　8.C9.D　10.B　11.C　12.C　13.B　14.A　15.B　16.B17.B　18.B　19.D　20.A　21.A　22.A　23.A　24.C　25.A　26.D　27.C　28.B　29.B　30.A